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Chapter 1 The Geography of WV Review the five basic themes of geography location, place, regions, movement, environmental interaction where a place is as compared to other places relative location a precise position on the earth’s surface West Virginia is located between 37º12' and 40º38' N latitude. West Virginia is located between 77º43' and 82º38'W longitude. A measure of distance north and south of the equator latitude The distance east or west of the prime meridian longitude WV Shape most irregularly shaped non coastal state long narrow strip of a larger territory panhandle Location of panhandles Northern & Eastern WV boundary rivers Ohio Potomac Tug Fork - Big Sandy Border States Ohio Pennsylvania Kentucky Maryland Virginia the starting point at the headwaters of the North Branch of the Potomac The Fairfax Stone man made boundary separates WV from Pennsylvania Mason - Dixon Line Mason-Dixon Line square miles are in WV 24,231 Average weather of a region climate day to day conditions weather WV Climate humid continental lowest recorded temperature -37 Fahrenheit , December 30, 1917 Lewisburg highest recorded temperature 112 Fahrenheit, July 10, 1936 Martinsburg 112 Fahrenheit, August 4, 1930 Moorefield the raising of the average temperature on Earth due to an excess of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere global warming West Virginia’s average annual temperature has risen due to global warming rain, snow, sleet, or hail precipitation County with most precipitation Randolph West Virginia Counties Randolph a long period of little or no rain drought County with least precipitation Hardy West Virginia Counties Hardy why some areas of southern WV are colder than areas farther north vertical climate Most of WV's winds come from what direction? south and west warmer-than-usual Pacific Ocean surface temperatures El Niño colder-than-usual Pacific Ocean surface temperatures La Niña physical features of the land such as mountains or plateaus topography wind and water have shaped the topography Erosion rock formation in Mercer County that looks like a castle Pinnacle Rock rock formation Pendleton County rises almost 1000 feet above sea level Seneca Rocks rocky ridge in Monroe County stretches for almost 40 miles Peter’s Mt. Peters Mountain WV's bestknown waterfall Blackwater Falls next highest waterfall Hills Creek Falls like to explore caves spelunkers hang like icicles from the roof stalactites like pillars rising from the floor stalagmites used as a safe haven for Confederate soldiers Organ Cave General Robert E. Lee’s soldiers once used Organ Cave for: religious services Used to make gun powder saltpeter (potassium nitrate) originally named Grapevine Cave. Lost World Caverns Lost World Stalagmites Cavern in Grant County, used to smoke meats Smoke Hole largest commercial cave in Pendleton County Seneca Caverns Area in Tucker County named after the Land of Canaan Canaan Valley area in Putnam County is believed to have once been covered by an ancient river Teays Valley rugged wind swept plateau you will find flora similar to that found in more northern areas such as Canada Dolly Sods unusual biological area, acidic wetlands (bogs) protect Ice-Age plant life Cranberry Glades Artic wetlands Bogs Wv state animal Black Bear WV state bird Cardinal WV state fish Brook Trout WV State Tree Sugar Maple WV State Flower Rhododendron WV State Butterfly Monarch WV State Insect Honey Bee Lakes • Cheat • Stonewall Jackson • Bluestone • Summersville • • • • • Sutton Tygart Burnsville East Lynn Beech Fork WV’s only natural lake Trout Pond, in Hardy County WV rivers that flow east carry water to - Atlantic Ocean WV rivers that flow west carry water to Mississippi River and Gulf of Mexico Drainage Systems • • • • Potomac Monongahela Little Kanawha Kanawha and New • • • • Guyandotte Big Sandy Ohio (seven) Ohio Tributaries • • • • • Monongahela Little Kanawha Kanawha Guyandotte Big Sandy Kanawha Tributaries • • • • Coal Elk Gauley New New Tributaries •Greenbrier •Bluestone Monongahela Tributaries • Cheat • Tygart • West Fork Potomac Tributaries •North Branch •South Branch •Shenandoah Where the Monongahela meets the Ohio Pittsburgh Where the Little Kanawha meet the Ohio Parkersburg Where the Kanawha meets the Ohio Pt. Pleasant Where the Guyandotte meets the Ohio Huntington East End Bridge Where the Big Sandy meets the Ohio Kenova Where the Coal meets the Kanawha St. Albans Mouth of the Coal River Where the Elk meets the Kanawha Charleston Where the West Fork meets the Tygart Fairmont Where the Cheat meets the Monongahela Morgantown Where the Potomac meets the Shenandoah Harper’s Ferry Second oldest river New Longest River Ohio Flows north into Pennsylvania Monongahela Flows east to Wash. D.C. Potomac The study of the physical features of the earth Geography Country like rural Height above sea level elevation WV’s Highest point Spruce Knob WV’s lowest point Harper’s Ferry Plant Life Flora Animal Life fauna A stream or river that flows into a larger river Tributary