Download Chapter 11 Study Guide

 Name: Date: Chapter 11 Study Guide Terms and Names: Sort the words into 3 categories: geography, culture, and government. Peninsula Peloponnesus isthmus Phoenicians Alphabet Zeus Mount Olympus myth Olympics epic poem fable polis Aristocracy oligarchy tyrant citizen Democracy Athens Sparta helot Barracks Marathon Geography Culture Government Peninsula Alphabet Aristocracy Peloponnesus Olympics Democracy Athens Barracks Oligarchy Marathon Zeus Tyrant Isthmus Epic poem Polis Mount Olympus Fable Citizen Sparta Myth Helot Phoenicians Multiple choice: 1) Which group established the first Greek civilization? a) Peloponnesians b) Mycenaens c) Phoenicians d) Anatolians 2) Among the Greeks, sports competitions were a typical part of a) religious festivals b) military training c) cultural celebrations d) trading ship stops 3) Most Greek city-­‐states were limited in size by a) fortified walls around the city b) government order c) large and numerous lakes d) mountains and other features 4) The government of Sparta a) was part monarchy, part oligarchy, and part democracy b) maintained order by not holding elections c) gave free non citizens a voice in the Assembly d) allowed slaves to work with their masters to buy their freedom 5) In what battle against the Persians did 300 Spartans fight for two days until all had been killed? a) Marathon b) Salamis c) Thermopylae d) Troy Short Answer-­‐ On a separate sheet of paper, briefly explain. 6) How did the geography of Greece affect the location of cities? How did it affect its economy? Mountains cover most of Greece and divide the country into many regions. Greece had no large rivers in which people could travel. Greece has a long coastline and most cities were built on harbors near the coast to take advantage of trade. 7) Why would the rugged geography make it difficult to unify Greece? The mountainous land made it difficult to travel among regions. It was likely hard for a central government to communicate laws and policies to outer regions, to collect taxes, and to send troops to put down rebellions or to defend borders. In addition, the central government would not always know what was going on in outlying regions. 8) Sea life was very important to Greek life. How did the sea help the Greek economy? The three seas played a major role in ancient Greek life. These seas, also known as “highways of water”, linked most parts of Greece to one another. Most places are less than 100 miles from the coast and the majority of the cities were built directly on harbors. Because the seas connected one part of the country to the other, Greeks learned to sail from island to island and to close by regions. The seas gave them fish to eat and encouraged trade. Trade brought new ideas to the Greeks that helped develop their economy and culture. Greeks traded olive oil, wine, wool and fine pottery around the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. 9) How did trading with the Phoenicians help stimulate the development of Greek culture? From the Phoenicians, the Greeks learned writing, the alphabet, and how to use coins. The Greeks used these skills to develop literature, gain new ways of governing, and build a strong economy through trade. 10)What are Greece’s natural resources? Greece lacked natural resources such as precious metals but the one resource they did have was stone for building. 11) What items did Greece trade for items they needed? Some regions of Greece produced a lot of olive oil, wine, wool, and fine pottery. Greeks traded these items with one another, and other regions including Egypt and Italy. The main products that Greeks bought (needed) were grain, timber for building, animal hides, slaves, nuts, figs, cheese and flax. 12)How did Greeks honor their gods? They created statues, built temples, held festivals and made sacrifices. 13)Who was the first leader who made political changes? What reforms did he make? Solon was elected by the nobles to lead Athens. He made reforms to prevent the poor from revolting. He freed slaves and outlawed slavery for citizens, allowed all citizens to serve in the assembly and elect leaders, and made laws less harsh. He organized citizens into four classes based on wealth not birth. 14)Provide evidence that Greek gods and goddess were important in daily Greek life. Greeks spent time and money building temples as places for the gods to live and creating statues. They also held special events to honor the gods. Certain days of each month were dedicated to a god or goddess. Lastly the Greeks created the Olympics to honor the gods. 15)What is the significance and purpose of an acropolis? Many Greek cities had high hilltops called an acropolis. The word acropolis means “highest city”. Originally people used the acropolis for military purposes and to protect the city. Later on, the Greeks built temples and palaces on the flat tops of the hills while ordinary houses were on the hill’s base. 16) Why were the Olympic games created? How did it get its name? In Greece, games were always part of a religious festival. The Olympics, the game that was held every four years, and held in Olympia, was a major festival that honored Zeus. 17) What are the two famous Greek epic poems? What are they each about? The Iliad and the Odyssey. The Iliad is the story of the Trojan War and the Greek warrior, Achilles. The Odyssey describes the ten-­‐year journey of the Greek hero, Odysseus, returning from the Trojan War. 18) How did myths, fables and epic poems influence Greek civilization? What was its purpose? Greeks created myths to explain beliefs and the creation of the world. Many myths described gods and goddesses and how they related on one another and to humans. Epic poems told stories about ancient heroes. These stories are just like myths in that they were stories passed down generations. Fables are stories that teach a moral lesson. All of these stories gave Greeks someone to look up to, created a culture’s history and helped the culture recognize its values. 19) Starting from the highest to the lowest, list the three classes of Sparta. Citizens, non-­‐citizens, helots Citizens lived in the city and spent time training to be a soldier, non-­‐citizens lived in villages nearby and had no political rights. The helots, also known as slaves, performed all the labor in Sparta. 20) What was emphasized in an Athenian boy’s education? Boys went to school at age six or seven. The purpose of education was for Athenians to become good citizens. They studied logic, public speaking, poetry, math, athletics and music. 21) Name all 3 seas that surround Greece. Mediterranean Sea to the south of Greece, Ionian Sea to the west, and the Aegean Sea to the east. 22) Life in Sparta and Athens were different. How were they different? Sparta was part monarchy, oligarchy and democracy, while Athens was a democracy. Sparta focused on military strength, while Athens focused on democracy and cultural pursuits. Sparta women had more freedom than Athenian women. 23) What are the four forms of government in ancient Greece? How are they different? Monarchy-­‐ a king or queen ruled the government; many kings or queens claimed that the gods gave them the right to rule. The monarch’s son was the next ruler Aristocracy-­‐ another name for upper class or nobility. These people were descended from high born ancestors, some even believed their ancestors were mythical heroes. Oligarchy-­‐ A small group of citizen, a minority group controls the government.; people ruled because of wealth or land ownership. Democracy-­‐ all citizen help in making political decisions; neither wealth nor social class affected the right to make decisions. 24) Athens moved into a democracy. What kind of democracy do they have and who are allowed to participate in their government? How does that compare to United States democracy? Athenian style of democracy is a direct democracy. This means all citizens meet to decide on the laws. For ancient Greeks, a citizen had to be born to parents who were free citizens. Athens also had a limited democracy in which only free adult males citizens could take part in the government. U.S has an indirect democracy in which people elect representatives to make laws. U.S does not have a limited democracy and women and foreigners (naturalized) can take part in government. 25) Why did the Persians go to war with Athens? How did this unify city-­‐states? Athens helped Greek colonies in Anatolia to revolt against Persia. Even though the colonies lost. Persia wanted to punish Athens for interfering. City-­‐ states realized they needed to put aside their differences and unite in order to defeat a much stronger army. An army of 300 Spartans guarded at Thermopylae to stop a Persian army from reaching Athens.