Download Development of Sociology - Beavercreek City Schools

Sociology
What is sociology?
The study of _________________________ and _____________________________
The study of society
What do sociologists look at?
Focus on ______________________________
How people relate to one another and influence others ___________________
Examine social phenomena
Look at _____________________________ or _____________ that involve society
Sociological Imagination
*
Development of Sociology
1800s rapid growth of cities due to ______________________
- increase in ____________________
- housing shortages
Realized that ____________________ was impacting the individual
These social changes led scholars to start analyzing _________________ effect on an _______________
Auguste Comte
French philosopher
Founder of sociology as a distinct subject
Focused on ____________________ and _________________________
Believed certain processes called ______________________________________ held society together
Society changes through definite processes called ________________________________
Uncover social statics and dynamics through ____________________________ and that knowledge can
be used to reform society
Harriet Martineau
British writer
Wrote ________________________________
Went to US to look at rather it lived up to its promise of ____________________
Reported on marriage, ________________, race relations, __________________, and religion
Believed scholars should _________________________ to solve the problems they studied
Spoke out in favor of women’s rights, _____________________________, and an end to slavery
Herbert Spencer
Believed society is a set of ____________________________ that work together to maintain the system
Considered social change and unrest to be natural occurrences as society evolves toward ____________
__________________________ - the fittest societies would survive over time leading to a better society
Believed the best aspects of society would survive over time
Karl Marx
Believed that the structure of a society is influenced by how it’s ______________________ is organized
Believed that a society’s economic system strongly influenced its ___________________________
Emphasized that _____________________ was the primary cause of social change
This thought led to ___________________________
Karl Marx: Capitalists v. Workers
Believed in 2 classes
_____________________ own materials and methods to produce
_____________________ own the labor to produce
Imbalance in power would lead to _____________________ and end when ________________
overthrow those in power
Workers would build a __________________ society where citizens contribute based on ability and
rewarded according to needs
Emile Durkheim
Developed first university sociology course at University of Bordeaux
First to apply methods of __________________ to study societies
__________________ - consequence that an element of society produces for the maintenance of a
social system
Example: Interested in function of religion to maintain ______________________
Believed shared ____________ and ______________ were the glue that held a society together
Believed sociologists should only study features of society that were ____________________
Max Weber
Interested in separate groups within a society rather than in society as a whole
Focused on the effect of __________________ on an individual
Study what can be observed as well as people’s ___________________ and __________________
Developed the concept of the _______________________
The essential characteristics of a feature of society
Jane Addams
Opened a settlement house in Chicago called ___________________________
Offered welfare, educational, and recreational services for the __________________
Wanted to solve the problems of the poor so surveyed the poor to gain a better understanding
W.E.B. DuBois
Studied societies by mixing social analysis with ___________________________
Helped found the ________________________
Studied the significance of __________________ in American society
Theoretical Perspectives
Sociologists develop theories to provide guidance in their work and help them _________________ their
findings
Develop theoretical perspectives (school of thought) which are a general set of _______________ about
the nature of things
What perspective do you take?
Functionalist Perspective
View society as a set of interrelated parts that work together to produce _________________________
People agree on what is best for society and work together to ensure social system runs smoothly
Positive functions: ____________________, religion, ____________________, and the economy
Label some things ____________________ because not everything runs smoothly
Dysfunction - _________________________ an element has for the stability of a social system
Example:
Manifest v. Latent Functions
___________________ - intended and recognized consequence of some element of society
Example:
___________________ - unintended or unrecognized consequence of an element of society
Example:
Conflict Perspective
Focus on the forces of society that promote ________________________ and _____________________
Interested in how those who possess ___________ in society exercise control over those with less _____
Topics: decision-making in the family, relationships among racial groups, disputes between __________
__________________ over scarce resources is the basis for social conflict
Group with control over society’s resources establishes _______ and ____________ to protect interests
Conflict theorists see change as inevitable
___________________________ - part of conflict perspective because it focuses on area of inequality
Believed society created _____________ inequality
Interactionist Perspective
Focuses on how individuals __________________ with one another
Interested in the ways individuals respond to one another in everyday situations
Interested in meanings individuals attach to own _____________ and ____________ of others
Used to study: _____________________, child development, and relationships in small groups
Interactionist Symbols
Interested in role of symbols in daily life
Example: statue of liberty –
__________________________ - interaction among people that takes place through the use of symbols
3 elements: meaning, language, and __________________
1) Respond to things based on meaning
2) Meanings come from interaction through _______________
3) Individual adjusts meanings through thought
Social interaction involves individuals defining and ____________________ each others actions