Download as a pdf - Centre for Diet and Activity Research

Food, income and education: who
eats more of what?
NDNS data on food consumption
www.cedar.iph.cam.ac.uk
Interactive version at
www.cedar.iph.cam.ac.uk/resources/evidence
Evidence Brief 6, February 2014
A
mong the many things that influence the foods we eat, two important factors are what we earn and our
level of education. Using data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey, we look at the picture for UK
food consumption.
The graphic below presents how UK food choices vary against the national average by income and education groups.
A description of these data can be found over the page, and you can explore the graphic further by visiting
www.cedar.iph.cam.ac.uk/resources/evidence
Fish
Meat
Fruit & veg
Grains
Tea, coffee, water
Other
bread
Beer, lager,
cider, perry
Wine
Wholemeal bread
Semi-skimmed
milk
Yogurt &
fromage frais
Other milk
& cream
White bread
£50,000
or more
Oily fish
White fish
coated or
fried
Pork and
pork
dishes
Other potatoes,
potato salads
Artificial
sweeteners
Ice cream
Soft drinks
(not low calorie)
Low calorie
soft drinks
Income
Other
bread
High fibre breakfast cereals
Yogurt &
fromage frais
White bread
£25,000
to
£49,999
Wine
Beer, lager,
cider, perry
Burgers, kebabs
Chicken & turkey dishes
Ice
cream
Other
white fish,
shellfish
Fruit
Other potatoes,
potato salads
Puddings
Sugar confectionery
Beer, lager,
cider, perry
Skimmmed
milk
Yogurt &
fromage frais
Semi-skimmed milk
Sausages
Cheese
Chicken & turkey dishes
Sugar
confectionery
Low fat spread
Ice
cream
Smoothies &
100% fruit juice
Chocolate
confectionery
Fruit
Dietary supplements
Biscuits
Crisps & savoury
snacks
Puddings
Beer, lager,
Low calorie soft drinks
cider, perry
Wine
Tea, coffee, water
Wholemeal bread
1% fat
Other breakfast Nuts &
milk
seeds
cereals
High fibre
Pasta, rice &
breakfast
other cereals
Yogurt &
cereals
fromage frais
Other bread
Beef &
veal dishes
Game
birds
Vegetables,
not raw
Oily fish
White fish
Other
coated
or Polyunmeat/meat
saturated
fried
products
Other white fats/oils
fish, shellfish
Buns, cakes, pastries, fruit pies
Salad & other
raw vegetables
Crisps &
Other potatoes,
savoury snacks
potato salads
Dietary
supplements
Pasta rice &
Tea, coffee, water
other cereals
Brown, granary & wheatgerm bread
Wine
Other bread
Cheese
1% fat
milk
Nuts &
seeds
Wholemeal bread
Game
birds
Oily fish
Lamb &
lamb dishes
Salad & other
raw vegetables
Other white
fish, shellfish
Fruit
Buns, cakes, pastries,
fruit pies
Artificial
sweeteners
Yogurt &
fromage frais
Skimmmed
milk
Smoothies
& 100%
fruit juice
Low fat spread
Fruit juice
Vegetables,
not raw
Low fat spread
Beer, lager,
cider, perry
Soft drinks (not low calorie)
Low calorie soft drinks
White bread
Coated chicken
Whole milk
White bread
High fibre breakfast cereals
Burgers, kebabs
Whole fish, coated or fried
Sausages
Bacon & ham
Chocolate confectionery
Sugars, preserves & sweet spreads
Other potatoes,
potato salads
Crisps & savoury snacks
Oily fish
Semi-skimmed milk
Cheese
Butter
Trans fatty acids
Up to GCSE or equivalent
Brown, granary &
wheatgerm bread
Wholemeal bread
Sugar confectionery
Low fat spread
Wine
Tea, coffee, water
Pasta rice and other cereals
High fibre
Nuts &
breakfast cereals
seeds
Chicken & turkey dishes
Other white fish, shellfish
Pork & pork dishes
Fruit juice
Buns, cakes, pastries, fruit pies
Salad & other
raw vegetables
Vegetables, not raw
Ice cream
Reduced fat spread
Artificial sweeteners
A-level or equivalent
Eggs & egg dishes
Oily fish
Game
birds
Buns, cakes, pastries, fruit pies
Reduced fat spread
Chips, fried & roast potatoes
Smoothies
& 100%
fruit juice
Fruit
Fruit
juice
Wine
Spirits &
liqueurs
Brown, granary & wheatgerm bread
Other breakfast
Nuts &
cereals
seeds
Bacon & ham
Skimmmed milk
Other / misc
Sugar confectionery
Buns, cakes, pastries, fruit pies
Tea, coffee, water
Alcoholic drinks
Puddings
Butter
Meat pies & pastries
Beef & veal dishes
Puddings
Semi-skimmed
milk
Cheese
Meat pies & pastries
Less than
£25,000
Nuts &
seeds
Pork & pork dishes
1% fat
milk
Coated chicken
Wine
Tea, coffee, water
Brown, granary &
wheatgerm bread
Salad & other
raw vegetables
Fruit
juice
Low fat
spread
Puddings
Pasta rice &
other cereals
Other breakfast cereals
Drinks
Sugars & desserts
Fats & high fat starch
Dairy
Low calorie soft drinks
Other white fish, shellfish
Chips, fried &
roast potatoes
Sausages
Nuts, seeds & beans
Fruit
Other margarine, fats and oils
Degree or equivalent, or higher
Education
www.cedar.iph.cam.ac.uk/resources/evidence
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Key facts
•
Foods appear in the graphic only if they are consumed in quantities significantly greater than that of the UK
population as a whole.
•
Therefore the foods shown here are those food which stand out on a statistical basis, not the totality of the diet
within each demographic group.
•
The relative size of each circle indicates how much greater than average each of the foods is eaten. For example,
based on this graphic you can say that people with high incomes and degrees have unusually high consumption
of game birds compared to the population, but not that they necessarily eat more game birds than they eat beef
and veal dishes.
Detailed methods
Acknowledgements and feedback
The data for this graphic come from years 1-3 of the
rolling programme of the National Diet and Nutrition
Survey (NDNS). Which contains detailed data about
food eaten by 1,491 adults. Because of the way NDNS is
conducted, these data are a statistically representative
sample of what is eaten by people in the UK.
Data analysis by Nick Jones and Dr Pablo Monsivais.
Graphic by Oliver Francis.
For each income-education category, consumption (in
grams) was estimated for 68 food, beverage, and nutrient
categories, as defined in NDNS.
The estimation of intake was adjusted for the age and
gender make-up of each group and the total quantity of
food consumed.
The group was plotted as a circle within the graphic if
its consumption exceeded the 95% upper confidence
interval of the population mean.
The size of the circle is proportional to the difference
between the level of consumption within a specific
income-education category and that of the population
overall.
The NDNS survey is commissioned by the Food Standards
Agency and Department of Health, The data it produces
are used for many different purposes and are an
important asset for public health research in the UK, since
they provides us with a detailed account of what is eaten
in a representative sample of people in the UK. The NDNS
survey is carried out by MRC Human Nutrition Research
and NatCen.
We took inspiration from a matrix plot published by
Bloomberg Businessweek in November 2013, which
explored food purchasing in the USA.
We would like to develop the online version of this
graphic by adding more interactive features. If you have
any comments or questions, or suggestions for other
interactive features, please email Oliver on
[email protected]
Within each square in the grid, similar foodstuffs are
clustered together, but otherwise the relative placement
of each circle does not have any meaning.
The income categories use equivalised household
income, to account for differently sized households.
About CEDAR
The Centre for Diet and Activity Research studies the factors that influence dietary and activity related behaviours, develops and
evaluates interventions, and is helping to shape public health practice and policy. We are a partnership between the University
of Cambridge, the University of East Anglia and MRC Units in Cambridge. We draw on the expertise of a wide range of scientific
disciplines including behavioural science, biostatistics, epidemiology, health geography, health economics and human nutrition.
References and resources
•
•
An interactive version of this Evidence Brief can be found at
www.cedar.iph.cam.ac.uk/resources/evidence
National Diet and Nutrition Survey - Information at MRC Human Nutrition Unit:
www.mrc-hnr.cam.ac.uk/research/current-projects/national-diet-and-nutrition-survey
EB6 v.1.0 17/02/2014
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