Download End of Semester Exam Review Guide and Answers

Name: __________________________ Date: _____________ Period: ____________ #:________
6th Grade Science
First Semester Review
Parts of an Experiment:
1.
Independent variable – what is changed by the person doing the experiment
**Can only change one variable at a time.
2. Dependent variable – what is measured in an experiment
3. Control – the standard for comparison (stays the same)
4. Constants – the factors that remain the same in an experiment
5.
What is an experiment? A set of organized procedures
6. Steps of a scientific method:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Hypothesis
Experiment
Analysis of data
Conclusion
** Steps are not always exactly the same
*A hypothesis can be supported or non-supported by the data in an experiment.
7.
Why do we replicate or repeat an experiment? To reduce the chance of error
**When you do an experiment, you must be able to reproduce results for it to be a reliable experiment.
8. Observations can be interpreted in more than one way…there are many inferences for the same
observation. Example: a dog has 4 legs and a tail
9. A fact is information that can be proved.
10. An opinion is a belief or a judgment.
*Boiling point changes based on the liquid. The boiling point for water is always 100 degrees Celsius.
11. Why are models important? Allows us to visualize something that is difficult to understand
12. Examples of models: comet
13. A theory is an explanation of observations or events based on knowledge gained from
observations.
14. A law is to describe a relationship in nature
15. Which can change, a theory or law and why? A theory – with new information/evidence
**hypothesis must be verified by many independent test before it is considered to be a theory.
Cell Functions: Cell is the smallest unit of life.
16. A group of cells working together make a tissue.
17. A group of tissues working together make an organ.
18. A group of organs working together make an organ system.
19. A group of organ system make an organism.
Cell – Tissue – Organ - Organ System - Organism
20. Mitosis is the process of cell division.
21. Cellular Respiration is a series of chemical reactions that convert food energy into useable energy (ATP).
22. X
23. X
24. Photosynthesis is a series of chemical reactions that convert light energy, water and carbon dioxide into
food and gives off oxygen. (needs light)
Example of an organ: an eye
Functions of Organelles:
25. Mitochondria provide energy for the cell. (Leg muscle cells)
26. Ribosomes provide proteins for the cell.
27. Vacuoles stores water in the cell.
28. X
29. Chloroplasts absorb light energy and manufacture food.
** Only plant cells have a chloroplast
Body Systems:
30. The muscular system aids the circulatory system in transporting nutrients.
31. The circulatory system moves oxygen through the blood.
32. The respiratory system takes in oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide.
33. The digestive system breaks down food. (Works with the circulatory to provide nutrients to the
cells)
34. The endocrine and nervous systems work together to produce adrenaline.
35. In the embryo, the cells differentiate (change) to become different types of cells.
Microorganisms:
36. A virus needs a host to replicate or reproduce. A virus transfers genetic material.
37. Bacteria can be good or bad for your body. Bacteria in cheese and yogurt are good bacteria and aid in
digestion. Food left unrefrigerated, or undercooked, are examples of bad bacteria and can make you sick.
38. Bacteria are single-celled and some examples are amoeba, paramecium, and euglena.
*Bacteria reproduce on their own, while viruses need a host.
Order of Classification:
39. Most organisms (plants and animals) are multicellular with specialized cells. (example: potato plant)
40. Domains of life include: Achaea, Bacteria, Eukarya
41. Homeostasis is an organism’s ability to maintain steady internal conditions when outside conditions
change.
42. Cells must maintain homeostasis to survive. Cell processes operate as needed.
43. Dearest King Phillip Came Over From Great Spain
Domain – Kingdom – Phylum – Class – Order – Family – Genus - Species
44. To determine if animals belong to the same species, you need to examine genetic material.
45. Scientific name is made up of the genus and species.