Download Mendel`s Work Notes

Mendel’s Work Notes
Textbook pages 86 - 91
heredity - the passing on of
characteristics from parents to offspring
genetics - the branch of biology that deals
with heredity
traits - a genetically determined
characteristic or condition
 gametes
- sex cells; a reproductive cell
having the haploid (half the normal) number
of chromosomes
female gamete (♀) - egg, haploid or n (1/2
the normal number of chromosomes, 23 in
humans)
male gamete (♂) - sperm, haploid or n (1/2
the normal number of chromosomes, 23 in
humans)
fertilization - the uniting of ♀ and
♂ gametes
pollination - in anthophytes (flowering plants),
the process of transfer of pollen grains from the
anther (♂) to the stigma (♀)
Gregor Mendel
also known as the
Father
of
Genetics
 He
studied
__heredity_____ in
__pea____ plants
 Why Pea Plants?
 They
have many traits
that exist in only 2
forms
 They produce a large
number of offspring in
one generation
 ex:
 Stem
height – tall or
short(no medium)
Mendel
developed a
method to
____cross____pollinate____ or
“_____cross___” pea
plants.
“Cross” means
to remove
the ______pollen____
from one flower and
brush it on another.
What
does Purebred mean?
Identical
traits from one parent will
be passed down
ex:
Purebred
short pea plants always
produce short offspring
Mendel’s First Experiment
He
crossed ___purebred tall____
__plants__ and __purebred short
plants__.
Results:
- Offspring that were ALL TALL
Why were all the offspring in the first
generation tall? Why where there
some in the next generation that were
short?
___Genes__: Factors that control traits
come in pairs (2)
1 from female
1 from male
___Alleles__: are the pairs
can be dominant (capital letter)
can be recessive (lowercase letter)
Combinations of Alleles
Allele
Combination
Genotype
(___________)
Physical
Appearance
Phenotype
(___________)
Other Name to
describe
combination
2 Capital/
2 Dominate
Dominate
Trait
TT
Purebred
Tall
2 Lowecase/ 2
Recessive
Recessive
Trait
tt
Short
1 Cap 1 Low/
1 Dom 1 Rec
Tt
Dominate
Trait
Tall
Other Name to
describe combination
Homozygous
SAME
Purebred
Hybrid
Homozygous
Heterozygous
Different