Download sociology of education

SOCIOLOGY OF
EDUCATION
IG 115
Instructor:
Drs. Ph. Pirenomulyo, MA
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Toward a Definition of the Field
“Education” means different things to different people:
1. To elementary school children: exiting intellectual experience
2. To those poorly motivated: painful experience
3. To university students:
- a means to acquire qualifications for a job
- a way of escaping a lowly social class origins
- a time for experimenting with a variety of
social and personal identities
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3. To parents: a fulfillment of their responsibility to educate their
children formally
4. To political officials: something to be supported and financed
5. To those who operate the schools (principals, teachers,
administrators):
- a job
- a place where career aspirations may be realized or thwarted
- a place where relationships with other colleagues must be
worked out
6. To the business or other institutions?
7. To you?
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To the Sociologists?
 Education for them is a social phenomenon or
institution which, like other social phenomena,
becomes a subject to objective scientific examination
and analysis.
 A sociological perspective on education requires one to
step back or set aside his personal and cultural biases
from what he is examining and then take a look at the
phenomenon of education.
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To the Sociologists?
 Their primary concern is to build a body of knowledge
about education.
 Their secondary concern is to apply the findings of their
research and conclusions to the concerns of the educational
practitioners.
 The findings produce recommendations and policy
implications but they are left implicit rather than explicit
statements and policy recommendations
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History: Sociology of Education vs.
Educational Sociology
• In the minds of educators and sociologists, the
concept and discussion of sociology of education is
associated with the concept and development of
educational sociology.
• In 1914 sixteen universities and colleges in the US
were offering courses called educational sociology.
• In 1923 the “National Society for the Study of
Educational Sociology” was organized, followed by
the publications of the Journal of Educational Sociology.
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History continued
• In 1948 both education specialists and sociologists
had different interests; educational sociologists lack
interest in what has been known as educational
sociology.
• Since then, course offerings in higher education
institutions declined due to the substitution of other
sociology courses in teacher colleges.
• Only few sociologists were interested in educational
sociology and there was no increase in interest in
departments of education.
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Education in Educational Sociology
• Educational sociology was a field which provides the basis
for social progress and the solution of social problems:
 Education was thought to be the means to develop the
society.
 The school might succeed in teaching the people to
exercise social control in an intelligent way that culture
would progress to the highest level possible.
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Education in Educational Sociology
 A second conception of educational sociology is the
determination of the aims and objectives of
education: providing the aims for education.
 Educational sociology analyzes objectively the aims
and purposes of education based on an analysis of
society and the needs of people in society.
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Application of Sociology to Education
 Educational sociology is defined as the application
of sociology (principles, etc.) to educational
problems: curriculum development and specific
problems.
 In his paper, Zeleny (1948) said that educational
sociology cannot be a pure science; it must be
applied to the control of education.
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Educational process as Socializing
process
• The entire process of socializing a child is the area of
educational sociology. Why?
• Individuals are affected by social groups which serve as a
field of cultivating social culture, esp. better personality
development.
• Brown (1947): educational sociology is interested in the
impact of cultural milieu in which and through which
experience is acquired and organized.
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Role of Education in Society
• Educational sociology analyzes the role of education in the
community and society:
a) emphasizing the function of educational institutions in the
community,
b) the social relationship between the school and other aspects
of the community,
c) the patterns of social interaction and social roles within the
school community, and
d) the relation of personalities of the school to outside groups.
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SOCIOLOGY OF EDUCATION
It is a scientific analysis of the human relations in the field
of education.
 Survey of various approaches to educational sociology
have led to the conclusion that there is no place for a
sociological analysis and application in the field of
education, but rather the major contribution of sociology
to the educational system (Brookover, 1978)
 Educational sociology does not contribute to the
analysis of human relations ---not sociology.
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 Sociologists are more interested in the educational process
and the system of social relations within the school system.
 It is simply a sociologist who specializes in his thoughts and
research on the educational process.
 Angell (1928) said that educational sociology is a branch of
pure sociology; in contrast, he preferred to call this area of
discipline Sociology of Education, because the approach is
through the school as a source of data.
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 Reasons for preferring sociology of education to educational
sociology:
a. Education does not include all of sociology. If so, do
teachers need training in sociology?
b. Educational sociology is not a technology of education;
rather, it is hoped that educational administrators will
know sociology and will use it in the administration of the
school.
c. Sociology of education is the scientific analysis of the social
processes and social patterns in the school system: the
human relations both formal and informal.
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OUTLINE OF THE SOCIOLOGY OF
EDUCATION
 Relation of the Educational System to Other Aspects of
Society:
1) In the processes of social and cultural change or
maintenance of status quo;
2) With the diverse racial, cultural, and other groups;
3) In the process of social control;
4) With the social class or status system;
5) With the public opinion;
6) In the democratic culture.
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OUTLINE OF THE SOCIOLOGY OF
EDUCATION
 Human relations within the School: the analysis of the social
structure within the school:
1) The nature of the school culture, as it differs from the culture
outside the school;
2) The nature of the patterns of stratification within the school;
3) The relationship between teachers and pupils;
4) The analysis of the clique and congeniality group structure in the
school system.
5) The nature of the leadership patterns and power structure in the
school groups.
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OUTLINE OF THE SOCIOLOGY OF
EDUCATION
 The relation between the School and Community, including:
The influence of community to the school organization;
b) The analysis of power structure that affects the school; and
c) The analysis of the relation between the school system and
other social systems in the community.
a)
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OUTLINE OF THE SOCIOLOGY OF
EDUCATION
 The Impact of the School on the Behavior and Personality of its
Participants: teachers, pupils, and others in the educational system,
including:
1. The social roles of the teacher;
2. The nature of teacher’s personality;
3. The impact of teacher’s personality on the behavior of students;
4. The role of the school in the growth, adjustment and/or
maladjustment of children; and
5. The nature of behavior as a result of authoritarian or democratic
school situations.
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THE END
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