Download GVZ 2017 Practice Questions Set 1 Test 3 1 Describe

GVZ2017PracticeQuestionsSet1Test3
1
Describetheanatomyandfunctionoftheturtleshell.
2
Describerespirationinturtles.Howdoestheshellaffectrespiration?
3 Accordingtothemostrecentphylogeneticstudies,Birdsare…
a)ornithischiandinosaurs
b)saurischiandinosaurs
c)neitheranorb.
4
Whatsortsofvocalizationareusedbycrocodylians?Underwhatcircumstances
docrocsvocalize?
5
Didanynonaviandinosaurshavefeathers?Ifyes,describepotentialfunctionsof
feathersinnonaviandinosaurs.Ifno,describewhyfeatherswouldhaveevolvedinthe
lineageleadingtoextantbirds.
6
Cynodontsarefrequentlyreferredtoas"mammal-likereptiles."Whyisthisa
scientificallyinappropriatenameforthem?
7
Describeavianandnonavianexampleswheresexualselectionhasprobably
causedtheevolutionofsexualdimorphism.Besuretodescribehowsexualselection
(i.e.,whatkindofsexualselection)couldhavecausedtheevolutionofthetrait.Inyour
examples,istherelikelytobenaturalselectionforsurvivalcounteringthesexual
selection?
8 Listgeneraofcrocodylians.
9
Describepolyandryinbirds(i.e.,whatisit,whatmorphologiesandbehaviorsare
associatedwithit).
10 Whatisalek?Giveanexampleofalek.
11 Giveexamplesofcooperativefeedingincrocodylians.
12 DescribesynapomorphiesofAves.Discussthesesynapomorphieswithreference
totheirfunctionaleffectsonflight.
13 DescribeparentalcareinAlligatormississippiensis.
14 Giveanode-baseddefinitionforthetaxonnameCrocodylia,agroupthatincludes
allextantspeciesofcrocodylians.Alsogiveastem-baseddefinitionforthename
Crocodylomorpha,whichincludesCrocodyliaanditsextinctcloserelatives.
15
Crocodylianpopulationshavemadearemarkablecomebackfromtheirstatus
decadesagowhennearlyallspecieswereconsideredendangered.Describethe
conservationmeasuresthathaveaidedtherecoveryofspeciesinthisclade.
16 ListanddescribesynapomorphiesforMammalia,Homo,Marsupialia,Primates,
Monotremata,Testudines.
17 Birdistheword(True/False).
18 Drawaphylogenetictreeoftherelationshipsofhumans,chickens,ostriches,
chimps,gorillas,Australopithecus,snakes,Ornithischians,Sphenisciformes,
Apodiformes,andcrocodiles.
19 DescribetheanatomyandphylogeneticpositionofArchaeopteryx.Whyisthis
speciesconsideredtobeanimportanttransitionalform?
20 Wouldyouclassifybirdsongaslearned,innate(whereinnatereferstoatraitthat
isunaffectedbyenvironment,andlearnedreferstoatraitthatiscompletely
determinedbyenvironment),orduetosomecombinationofthesecauses?Explain
youranswer.
21 Discussevolutionarychangesinthebonesandmusculatureoftheskull(including
thejawandteeth)duringtheevolutionofsynapsids,fromtheearliestformstomodern
extantmammals.
22 HowdomonotremesdifferfromTherian(Eutherianandmarsupial)mammals?
Whatconditionsinmonotremesareconsideredplesimorphicrelativetotheconditions
intherians?
23 ListEutheriansandAvesthatareprimarilyaquatic.
24 AccordingtotherecentphylogeneticstudiesbyJarvisandothers,whoobtained
dataforwholegenomesofseveralbirdspecies,are"waterbirds"monophyletic?
25 Describethephylogeneticpositionofturtlesrelativetootherreptilesandto
mammals.
26 Describetheanatomyandtaxonomyofthepangolin.
27 Trueorfalse:koalasaregentle,harmlesscreaturesthatresolvedisputesbetween
individualsbyhuggingandexchangeofgifts.
28 HowwouldyoudistinguishanArtiodactylfromaPerissodactyl?Giveanexample
taxon(commonnameisOK)fromeachofthesegroups.
29 Whataremegachiropteraandmicrochiroptera?Whatecologicaland/or
anatomicalcharacteristicsdistinguishthesegroups?
30 Discusssomeoftheimportantdiscoveriesandtextsinthestudyofhuman
evolution.
31 Comparethe'Multiregional'and'RecentAfricanOrigin'hypothesesforthe
evolutionofhumans.Thinkofdatathatwouldsupportorrefuteeachhypothesis.
32 Trueorfalse:Dinosaursareextinct.Explainyouranswer.
33 Compareandcontrasttheanatomicalstructuresinvolvedinthewingsofdifferent
lineagesofvertebratesthatperformpoweredflight.
34 Describethehypothesesthathavebeenputforthtoexplaintheevolutionof
poweredflightinbirds.
35 Describeanatomicaltraitsinturtlesassociatedwithterrestrialecology,and
anatomicaltraitsassociatedwithaquaticecology.
36 Describeconservationthreatsinturtles.
37 DescribeAndersson'stestoffemalechoiceinwidowbirds.
38 Inbirds,manysociallymonogamouspairsexperienceextra-paircopulation.Many
ofsuchpairsalsoperformmateguarding.Whatfactorsdeterminewhena(e.g.)male
electstoguardhissociallymonogamousmateratherthanpursueotherfemales?(you
maywanttodiscusstheresultsofthestudybyBeecherandBeecher)
39 Discusstheprosandcons(inthesenseofnaturalselection)ofextra-pair
copulationsformalesandfemalesinbirds
40 HowdoMetatherians(marsupials)differfromEutherians(especially
reproductively)?
41 Describetheanatomyofmarsupialnewborns.Whattraitsarewelldeveloped
(relativelyprecocial)onmarsupialnewborns?Giveafunctionalexplanationforthese
traits.
42 Listasmanymammalgroups('Orders')asyoucan(example:Lagomorpha).
Includeabrief(one-sentence)descriptionofeachgroup,andwhethertheyare
Monotreme,Marsupial,orEutherian.
43 ListasmanyNeognathebirdgroupsasyoucan(example:Sphenisciformes),and
listacommonnameforataxonineachgroup.
44 Rankthefollowinggroupsaccordingtothenumberofspeciesineachgroup:
Monotremata,Syapsida,Eutherians,Metatherians,Homo,Aves,Mammalia
45
ThefollowingdatamatrixshowsecomorphtypesforsomespeciesofAnolis
lizard.Drawaphylogenetictreeforthesespeciesthatismostcompatiblewiththeidea
ofadaptiveradiation.
species
Anolisvalencienni
Anolisoccultus
Anolisgarmani
Anolisequestris
Anolisgrahami
Anolissagrei
Anoliscybotes
46
ecomorph
twig
twig
crown-giant
crown-giant
trunk-ground
trunk-ground
trunk-ground
Whatareremiges?Whatarerectrices?
47
WhyareGalapagosfinchesconsideredtobean'adaptiveradiation?'Suggesta
mammalianlineage(s)thatyouwouldconsidertobeanadaptiveradiation.Explainyour
answer.
48
Describeanatomicaldifference(s)betweenCryptodiraandPleurodira,andlistan
exampletaxonfromeachgroup.
49
Givethescientificname(s)ofoneormoreturtlespeciesfoundinUNM'sduck
pond.
50
DiscussTimRowe's(1988)distinctionbetweentaxondiagnosesandtaxonname
definitions,asappliedtomammals.Howdoeshesuggesttodefinethename
Mammalia?Ishissuggesteddefinitionanode-baseddefinition,astem-baseddefinition,
orsomethingelse?
51
Whichofthefollowingistheclosestlivingrelativeofhumans?
a
b
c
d
e
gorillas
chimps
monkeys
noneoftheabove;allareequallycloselyrelatedtohumans
noneoftheabove;nonearerelatedtohumans.
52
Trueoffalse:SynapsidsandDinosaurscoexistedasextantlineages.Explainyour
answer.
53
Comparethebonesinalizardjawtothebonesinthemammalianinnerear.Use
theterm"homologous"inyourcomparison.
54
HowaretheteethofasoricomorphdifferentfromtheteethofAnolis?
55
Listanddescribefunctionforglandsfoundinmammalianskin. 56
Givevertebateexamplesofhomologyinbehavior,morphology,andmolecules.
57
Givevertebrateexamplesofconvergence/homoplasyinbehavior,morphology,
andmolecules.