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CHAPTER
28
Section 1 Guide to the Essentials
The Cold War Begins
VOCABULARY
satellite nation country dominated by a more powerful country
containment American policy designed to prevent Soviet influence from expanding
SUMMARY
After World War II, the United States
and the Soviet Union became rivals. They
competed for influence around the world
but did not face each other directly in battle. This conflict became known as the Cold
War. The United States distrusted the communist government of the Soviet Union,
which rejected religion and the idea of private property. The Soviet Union also distrusted the United States, fearing invasion
from the West. The distrust between the
two sides increased when the Soviet Union
did not allow fair elections in the countries
it had freed from Germany. By 1948, the
countries of Eastern Europe had become
satellite nations of the Soviet Union.
President Truman decided on a policy
of containment. Under the Truman
Doctrine, the United States helped
nations threatened by communist expansion. Under the Marshall Plan, the
United States helped the countries of
Western Europe rebuild from war damage.
American aid helped prevent communist
revolutions in those countries.
Americans and Soviets clashed over the
city of Berlin. (See time line.) The Berlin
Wall became a symbol of the Cold War. In
1949, Cold War tensions increased when the
Soviet Union tested an atomic bomb and
the Communists gained power in China.
The United States joined with Western
European nations to form the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
The Soviet Union formed its own alliances,
called the Warsaw Pact.
COLD WAR TENSIONS IN BERLIN
1945
1961
Communists build a wall separating
East Berlin from West Berlin.
1949 –1961
3 million people flee from
East to West Berlin.
23885-TAN9E-GTE9-C28-S01A
1949
Soviets
lift blockade.
1950
1955
1960
1965
1948
Soviet Union places blockade on West Berlin.
United States supplies West Berlin by air.
REVIEW
Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Why did the United States distrust the Soviet Union?
2. Time Line Skills What was the American response to the Soviet blockade of
West Berlin?
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Reading and Vocabulary Study Guide
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1945
Allies divide
Germany and its
capital, Berlin.