Download PLATE 1ECTONICS

Name____.,___,.~~-
Date _ _ __
Class _ _ _ _ _ __
PLATE 1ECTONICS
This section explains how scientists learn about Earth's interior. The section also
describes the layers that make up Earth and explains why Earth acts like a giant
magnet.
...,. The Science of Geology
(pages 17-18)
1. Earth's hard surface is formed of --'-r--"o::...c=K'---"------
2. The study of plc;met Earth is called
jet) Iofjy
3. What did geologists of the late 1700s conclude about Earth's landforms?
lant.lforro$
a..re ±he wocf...
-of
ocdund
-focc..es
4. Is the following sentence true or false? Earth looks the same today as it
did millions of years ago.
cS
c
--£11 lse,
5. What is the difference between constructive and destructive forces? Give an
aula.~ rots .... ?u.r.fo.ce. fe..a.:h.re.,.S [oc,eao Wove~@ sbore.J
6. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about Earth.
a. Earth has five great landmasses, called continents.
~Geologists cannot observe Earth's interior directly.
(9It is over 6,000 kilometers from the surface to the center of Earth.
d. Geologists learn about Earth's interior by digging holes.
Inside Earth
Guided Study Workbook
F+5
Date _ _ _ _· Class _ _ _ _ _ __
Plate tectonics
C-HAPTER 1,
7. .
Se \ S ro \G. ·
(continued) -
waves are produced by earthquakes .
...,.. A Journey to the Center of the Earth
(page 19)
8. How does the temperature change as you go from the surface toward the
-\-e.rop deC.r:eases > +hen
'
'nc.ce.a?eS,
center of Earth?
9. How does pressure change as you go from the surface toward the center
of Earth?
~c:>11 '(\o , tj r u-k ..-
d£.f:f'C.IC
+he. pre. SSu,re..
10. The three main layers that make up Earth's interior are the ·
C.CtA."">t
...,.. The Crust
,and
C. ore..
(page 20)
C... r t J?--f
11. The
· 1'0 a n±le...
is a layer of rock that forms Earth's outer skin.
12. Is the following sentence true or false? The crust is thinnest under high
A.........,~I?.....e......;f...."""'---
mountains. __
13. The dark-colored rock that makes up most of the oceanic crust is
ba~CLI.\14. The light -~olored rock that makes up most of the continental 'crust is
(JClYI;te..
...,.. The Mantle
(pages 2o-21)
Match the name of each layer of Earth with its description .
'B
A
c.
.Layer
·Description
15. mantle
·a. Rigid layer that includes the upper
part of the mantle and the crust
16. lithosphere
17. asthenosphere
b. Layer
of hot rock between the crust
.
'
and the core
c. Soft layer just below the lithosphere
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Guided Study Workbook
.
Inside Earth
Name _
_.__.,j{~~lf---_ __
Class _ _ _ _ _ _ __
Date
18. Is the following sentence true or false? The asthenosphere floats on the
lithosphere.
[oi-he..t" way ~r O~<fl d]
:false
19. Is the following sentence true or false? The mantle is nearly 3,000
kilometers thick.
..... The Core
-+
t
u
e
(pages 21-23)
2~. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about Earth'~core.
a. It makes up about 25 percent of Earth's total volume.
b. It is made of solid metal.
@It contains iron and nickel.
d. It behaves like a solid.
21. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about Earth's inner core.
a. It consists of molten metal.
b. It behaves like a thick liquid.
c. It is not very dense.
@rt is under extreme pressure.
22. In the drawing, label the three main layers of Earth~
u
c
Core
Inside Earth
Guided Study Workbook
F+7
__,_;K---"-=~--7't-*---
Name
CHAPTER 1,
Plate feetonies
Date _ _ __
(continued)
...,. Earth's Magnetic Field
(page 24)
r o +c.....+ I o a of
23. What forces Earth's solid inner core to spin?
ta.r\b
[N l~J +
turlenfs io otLfer-_ c..ore
24. What creates Earth's magnetic field?
[dr-:t\\s
Class _ _ _ _ _ __
C.Ltrce11-+S
1 'l.
otc-k.r Core .
This section describes how heat is transferred from Earth's hot core through the mantle.
...,. Introduction
(page 25)
1. The movement of energy from a warmer object to a cooler object is
called
b+ -i-YdDs.fU-
2. List the three types of heat transfer.
a.
C.ondu c:hc:n
.,.. Radiation
Coove c.+.- oro.,
(page 25)
3. What is radiation?
r<:.m~--t ~,
b.
of eoereo'j .-t-brou!j~
±ra..n'S·fer
Sp Q.,c e
Sun l15ht
4. What are two forms of radiation?
be.<L+ :&om
...,. Conduction
Ca.mp±ire.J
(page 26)
s. What is conduction?
d~ec:+
:±ro..ns£r of
8 +F
£tJE&G'(
h,1
conh r.:t
6. What is an example of conduction?
syoon
) .x- rays .I
---hu L hio5
wj~vr: bewd.
Guided Study Workbook
(.l
J., of
.
Inside Earth
Nrune
----~r(~~uJ~~~/~----------------­
..,. Convection
Class _____________
Date
(pages 26-27)
7. What is convection?
hea± -frao:;;.fe,rs
bi
tno,temea± of l•~ld.
8. Heat transfer by convection is caused by differences of -1-empe rd-u.re..
and density within a fluid.
9. A measure of how much mass there is in a volume of a substance is
de.%it"J
. [
b=
'% J
I 0. Circle· the letter of the sentence that describes what happens to a fluid
when its temperature increases.
a. Its particles occupy less space.
.
(No -
"::>pre.ttol t'..Lfcu-i" olue..
-1-o
Co lli':>IOI)5]
[.Pa..-+u. k.~ spre.a_eL oL.L-+- tr.oa-e- '5pace.. be.-1-we€.11
c. Its particles move more slowly.
·
-pa_..--hcle.sJ,
@Its density decreases.
d. Its particles settle together more closely.
II. Use arrows to show the convection currents that would flow if the pot
of soup in the drawing was heated.
12. If the pot is no longer heated, when will the convection currents stop
flowing?
±h~
t.&1hen a..\ l
Sa.me
±be
rnaJ.er \a J
reac,hes
hmpera.--hu---~
..,. Convection in Earth's Mantle
(page 27)
13. Is the following sentence true or false? Convection currents flow in the
asthenosphere.
+r
lJ
e.
14. Is the following sentence true or false? The heat source for the
convection currents in the mantle is the sun.
Inside Earth
±aIse
Guided Study Workbook
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+9
Name _____
~~~~~-------------
CHAPTER 1,
Plate Teotonios
Date _ _ __
Class _ _ _ _ _ __
(continued)
"'ifii'·>:• Drifting Continents
>:\~~m~f-'; (pages 28-32)
This section describes a theory of how the continents came to be located where they are
today. The section also gives evidence for the theory and explains why the theory was
not accepted for many years.
... The Theory of Continental Drift
(pages 29-31)
_I. State Alfred Wegener's hypothesis about how Earth's continents have moved.
B\\
:the C.oodineo+S bad
...1--o~e.c Ia o Si~Lz
S)ore.
ooc.e bee.oJo,'oed.
\o..rV\I'D(J<2S
a.od
have..
clrif.kA. a parT:
2. Wegener named his supercontinent
Panjttet~.
-.
3. What did Wegener think had happened to this supercontinent?
5
Dv'ex·- lo
of en; ll ions of years)
-4. Wegener's idea that the continents slowly moved over Earth's surface
became known as 1heocj
5. Complete the concept map.
j).f cootoenfa.l
dr1f+
is supported by evidence from
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Guided Study Workbook
Inside Earth
Name
_l{~~~---
Date _ _ __
Class _ _ _ _ _ __
6. Give an example of evidence from landforms that supported Wegener's
idea of continental drift.
tAp
w,l tJit. (a.n~y··
Coa\ .fi·e\tls
ot.
IDmoun+a.i o r:an~G
lry S,
~kiLa.
I; nes
Ar5'nhotL (;, .a~;ra..) @Ct.t.rofea Q
N.eroer\ra.," ro,l :fieiAl.G .j;l\e L•p,
io
7. Any trace of an ancient organism preserved in rock is called a(n)
:=Ens;\
8. How did Wegener explain similar fossils on different continents?
Mesoso..u..cus ( S. f\roeV"" ;ca..~ A-h:\c.tL-J c ou lt.l~.f
ho"e
SWttro (lC.rcbS
vo..s± 511. I+ &t . .-
ote.a.J).
9. Is the following sentence true or false? Wegener believed that Earth's
climate had changed. · +rUe.
...,.. Scientists Reject Wegener's Theory
(page 32)
10. How did Wegener think that mountains formed?
=tboujb+
+ha..i
~~:;~::=nz!~d ~t:a&s +o ed~
11. How do the locations of mountains support Wegener's idea about how
mountains form?
c3
.E
'ffi
::c
cb
(.)
E
l f. EClr+'l ~h r ·, nk i Dj :tbeo':j
(uzr\o¥Jc.,~ c.t.ppl&. ~t.\~ We..:re... +n"e .- m±?. Wot..dJ
be. oJ\ w~c. V'J~ Sec cis@ pld:k + trln:hneo-t
6 0\AtJdttr\e-s /
Q)
a:
@
\)> Reading Skill Praetiee
you read about a complex subject, taking notes can help you to identify the most important
information. Take notes on Section 1-3 by writing down the headings in the order they occur.
Then, under each heading, list the main points. Do your work on a separate sheet of paper.
Wh~n
Inside Earth
Guided Study Workbook
F + 11
Class _ _ _ _ _ __
Date
CHAPTER 1,
Plate Tectonics
(continued)
ooeeee••••••a•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
llhlk!\1 Sea-Floor Spreading
;f?:1~'"fiJ;
(pages 33-39)
.. ... .
"":
._
--~~;:'
~
,
.. ",'"'''·"'
; ;,.-:;.;;.-:~·~
This section explains sea-floor spreading and describes evidence that it happens. The
section also explains subduction and describes how subduction affects Earth's oceans. ·
...,. Mapping the Mid-Ocean Ridge
(page 34)
1. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about the mid-ocean ridge.
@The mid-ocean ridge is the longest chain of mountains in the world.
b. The mid-ocean ridge is found only below the Pacific Ocean..
c. The mid-ocean ridge lies completely under water.
@rhe top of the mid-ocean ridge is split by a steep-sided valley.
2. A device that bounces sound waves off underwater objects is called
":)Ooa.r
3. What is sonar used for?
bounces S'ot.LOd Wo..ve-s
off llode.Y.Wo._t<.r-
o\:)e c-4-s
~ t:e..c.orcls · ee-l,oes
o-F
..... Evidence for Sea-Floor Spreading
s olA.f'dwa.v e5
.
(pages 35-37)
4. The process that continually adds new material to the ocean floor is
called
Sen -.flooc Spreo.dio~.
5. Complete the cycle diagram of sea-floor spreading.
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Guided Study Workbook
Inside Earth
Name_..=:.___=..~~----
Date _ _ __
Class _ _ _ _ _ __
6. List three types of evidence for sea-floor spreading.
a.
lY\ o \.\eo
c.
Jr~ \\;nj
rno.-...bt- i a\
sa rnp\e 5
b.
majoe.--h c. s{.-; pe $
.
7. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about Earth's magnetism.
~t times in the past, a compass needle on Earth would have pointed
south.
·
(!?)Rock that makes up the ocean floor lies in a pattern of magnetized
stripes.
c. The pattern of stripes is different on both sides of the mid-ocean ridge.
@ocks that harden at the same time have the same "magnetic memory:'
8. How did drilling samples show that sea-floor spreading really has taken
place? ( \ ll (o
<i<)
d ed-erm i oe.-d +h tL+
Deac C.oa?±S Was older ~
Oea(
Cidqe
Wer-e..
5o..rt'f>les
5<Unp)es
OeW~r.
c..i
c
...,. Subduction and Earth's Oceans
(page 39)
12. Is the following statement true or false? The Pacific Ocean is shrinking.
,{" \'""\A€,
13. Why is the Atlantic Ocean expanding?
hfA':>
on I~ ll .feu\
~bee+ ke..nubes so mas+ of n=GvJ
. Se.a..-1\Mc l{co"' ~'C~ocli~"\ ha.~ boWbex-e.
.
Inside Earth
~
~o,
U
·
Guided Study Workbook
F + 13
Name
~
CHAPTER 1,
Date _ _ __
Plate Tectonics
Class - + - - - - - - - - -
(continued)
••••o••••e••••••••••••~•••••••••o•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
The Theory of Plate Tectonics
(pages 42-47)
This section explains how the lithosphere is broken into separate sections that move.
.._ Introduction
(page 42)
1. The lithosphere is broken into separate sections called
p Ia..k S
2. Is the following sentence true or false? Plates can carry continents or
.fA. l Sec
parts of the ocean floor but not both.
.._ A Theory of Plate Motion
(page 43)
kes k d Co oc.epi=tbnt tx0 a. i os o. \N\ c!e ·Ca.Oije. of observ o.__·-h ones
4. State the theory of plate tectonics. J?\e..c e.s of E(J...r+h s
3. What is a scientific theory?
a.
We.. \\ -
1
b+bo;:,pbeYe a.re.
\Q
Consdao+ 1 SlovJ
mohoo - clr\ve.,a b~ cnove.choo c..ur-reds
lC'\
fxl~.x·,-He.
5. Is the following sentence true or false? The theory of plate tectonics
explains the formation, movement, and subduction of Earth's plates.
-::+:-rue
.._ Plate Boundaries
(pages 4~6)
Match the term with its definition.
'"t)
C...
A
Term
Definition
6. plate boundary
a. Deep valley that forms where two plates
pull apart
7. fault
8. ·rift ~alley
b. Line where different pieces of the
lithosphere meet
c. Break in Earth's crust where rocks have
slipped past each other
14' + F
Guided Study Workbook
Inside Earth
Name____..__~=-,.<\----
Class _ _ _ _ _ __
Date
9. Complete the table.
Plate Movement
Type of Plate Boundary
How Plates Move
Transform boundary
Divergent boundary
Convergent boundary
10. Is the following sentence true or false? Crust is neither created nor
destroyed along a transform boundary.
11. Most divergent boundaries occur at the
-1-r U e..
NJ l 0- OC e.a D
12. When two plates converge, the result is called a(n)
r\~e,
Col\ iS I en
13. When two plates collide, what determines which plate comes out on top?
den<bit~ ~±be. dc.osc,r p\o.J.e. end~ Lt.p
0
0\
--\-\-)e.
b crl-6 if)
14. Complete the table.
Convergent Boundaries
Types of Plates Converging
d
.E
oc..eaJ\
'G .I oc..ea.r).
Result
G.
Subduction occurs.
Oceanic/continental
'5td~ d.uG-h· OY)
conii ne rrra_l A:rnff ne nt-~ I
Mountain ranges form .
...._The Continents' Slow Dance
15. About how fast do plates move?
J
(page 47)
J.o l D
CI'Y)
16. Is the following sentence true or false? The pieces of the super
continent Pangea began to drift apart about 225 million years ago.
~rue
Inside Earth
Guided Study Workbook
F + 15
Name
K.ur
CHAPTER 1,
Plate 1ectonics (continued)
oate _ _ __
Class _ _ _ _ _ __
Use key terms from Chapter 1 to complete the crossword puzzle.
G
~
0
6
,
7s £
(<_
'P
F
Clues across
E"
1i<_
Clues down
1. Section of lithosphere that carries crust
2. Layer that is part crust and part mantle
5. Part of mantle below lithosphere
3. Rock that makes up oceanic crust
7. Kind of wave released during an
earthquake
4. Study of planet Earth
6. Kind of valley where plates move apart
10. Forms Earth's hard surface
8. Earth's middle layer
11. Used to map mid-ocean ridge
9. Earth's outer layer
16 + F
Guided Study Workbook
Inside Earth