Download National Institute of Oceanography Goa, India

ANNUAL REPORT
1996-97
National Institute of Oceanography
Goa, India
ANNUAL REPORT
1996-97
CONTENTS
(5)
Director's Report
(6)
Highlights
(7)
Contract Services
(10) Coastal Environment
(15) Engineering, Techniques & Technology
(19) Offshore Processes & Resources
(30) Bilateral Programmes
(34) Data, Information & Scientific Services
Appendices
(36) Scientific Cruises
(39)
Workshops/Seminars/Meetings
(42) Awards & Honours
(44)
Council Members & Staff on Committees
(47)
Deputations
(50)
Visitors
(53) Human Resources & Finances
(55) Patents & Publications
(60) Staff List
Director's
Report
The year 1996-97 was the last
year of the VIII Plan. In the past,
the start of plan periods used
to be times when usually (though
not always) old projects were
retitled, milestones, SWOT
analysis and other project
monitoring
tools
were
incorporated, and proposals for
large grants were forcefully
presented. We took a different
tack this year - by having "open
week" for IX Plan projects and
succeeding in forging some multidisciplinary projects. This
exercise, and other associated
"restructuring" was no whim. The
recently enunciated Vision 2001
by Dr. Mashelkar with its various
milestones, could only be
realised by a fresh look at
ourselves and the way we did
research. It was to a degree
unsettling as well. In this
Director's report I will avoid
restating the "highlights" of the
year, but will dwell instead on
interpreting important events
which are factually reported in
fine print in the pages inside.
An analysis of our publications
showed that while the absolute
numbers were going down, the
quality of the average paper was
getting increasingly better. In
order to capitalise on this
improving trend, the importance
of process studies involving
multiple disciplines was an
obvious next step. The new titles
and objectives consequent to
"Project Open Week" are written
up and we now need only to
follow the spirit of the exercise.
I am sure we will.
Understanding processes, the
focus of oceanography today,
is equally important in
management - either in project
team building or in routine
administration. The idea has
germinated in a few key areas -
it will I am sure be obvious for
all others soon. Our IX Plan
exercise and the ensuing projects
reflect this focus.
The emergence of the coastal
zone as critical to our future
human settlement patterns and
industrialisation, was a boon to
our industrial rupee earnings. It
also highlighted the larger roles
our national laboratory has to
play in providing advisories to
concerned ministries, modelling
and satellite imageries in
predictive and monitoring
situations, and the importance
of proactive research in devising
mitigation techniques to the
inevitable
onslaught
of
industrialisation. Our IX Plan
projects incorporate these new
roles for us as a national institute.
Our first dollar earnings from
the Indian Oil Corporation (IOC)
for environmental services
emphasised the wider economic
forces at play and the fine job
the institute did in this project
was an encouraging indicator
that marketing such services
further afield may prove
profitable.
The "welcome mat" policy in
hosting international meetings,
workshops, seminars and
symposia gave us exposure to
the many facets of oceanography
in other parts of the globe, was
a reassuring indicator not only
of the ease with which
oceanographers are able to
communicate and forge
international programmes, but
also that our own were held at
some level of esteem in the
community. We need now to
practise more vigorously all the
multi-disciplinary approaches that
we know are being woven into
oceanographic programmes
abroad.
The valiant, almost missionary zeal,
with which a two member group
is working to get the institute to
adopt quality methods, has the
hallmark of the beginning of a
cultural change. Their success is
critical to our survival in the
competitive days ahead, and I am
sure that we will begin to roll before
they run out of enthusiasm.
A sobering thought was our
response to Dr. Mashelkar's New
Ideas Fund encouraging new,
innovative even crazy ideas. Our
response could have been better
especially since we have a funding
crunch and need external funding.
We have expressed some bold
important initiatives for the Year
of the Ocean -1998. It is important
to succeed in this venture, because
of the multiple benefits that we
will reap - nationally, regionally
and internationally.
The year gone by has been
internally stressful as it has
challenged many concepts of
projects, leaders, hierarchy and
empowerment of the working level
scientist. I am sure however that
we will approach the IX Plan with
that resilience for which our
scientists are noted, by asking "So
what's new?"
Ehrlich Desa
Highlights
Coastal Environment
•
Continuous observations over 15
months in the nearshore waters off
Mumbai showed the peak zooplankton
production after the monsoons and high
phytoplankton production during the
monsoon. Omnivores dominated the
zooplankton community showing a
partial influence by high fluxes of
anthropogenic pollutants from the
interior of the creek system.
•
Abnormal variations in a CTD profile in
the Andaman Sea were observed
during Cruise SK118. The temperature
fell by 4°C while salinity decreased by
35 psu possibly due to tidal solition.
•
Based on the study of a 170 cm long
shallow water sediment core (from 22
m), the paleomonsoonal history of the
last 2500 years has been reconstructed. Increased precipitation is
found to be around 1705 AD and 300
BC and dry climatic conditions around
1565, 1355,1075 & 305 AD.
•
Underwater explorations off Poompuhar
revealed heavily eroded irregular stone
blocks at depths of 5-15 m. Airlift
• High-resolution shallow seismic
operations indicated presence of more
reflection data from the continental
such blocks in deeper sediments.
shelf sediments off western India from
10°-22°N revealed anomalous seismic
signatures of acoustic maskings of
Engineering & Technology
methane rich horizons. Potential
subsurface methane estimates in this
• Directional wave measurements made
gas charged area are of the order
in 15 m water depth off Nagapattinam
of 2.6 Tg.
during the monsoon and fair weather
•
seasons indicated that the spreading
parameter could be estimated from the
significant wave height and period
corresponding to maximum spectral
energy without relating to wind
conditions.
•
Evidences of recent volcanohydrothermal activity were recorded in
the Central Indian Basin (CIB) previously considered to be inactive.
•
Knowhow to prepare liquid biofertilizer
from seaweeds was transferred to M/s
Pralsher Bio-Products Ltd., Curchorem,
Goa. Application of this fertilizer
increases the yield of horticultural and
agricultural plants besides enhancing
overall growth and disease resistance.
The ferromanganese crust dredged
from the summit of the Afanasiy-Nikitin
seamount in the North Central Indian
Ocean provided evidence that the area
was exposed to the subaerial
conditions during the Oligocene
(~30 Ma) global sealevel drop.
•
Continued studies on neotectonic
activity over southern part of ECMI with
high resolution sparker data along two
E-W tending lineaments off Madras and
Nagapattanam provided evidence of
recent tectonic activity.
•
Opposing trends were observed in the
isotopic composition of 15N and 18O of
N2O in upwelled waters with modest
departures from the tropospheric
values, these indicate that the oceanatmosphere exchange cannot counter
inputs of heavier isotopes associated
with the stratospheric back flux, calling
for additional sources and/or sinks of
N2O in the atmosphere.
Offshore Processes
•
•
Analysis of XBT data from the tropical
Indian Ocean revealed the presence of
a narrow equatorial flow between 2°N
and 2°S with changing direction at
semi-annual cycle.
Analysis of 21 years data on SST
anomalies in the region 0-5°N and 8085°E (acquired from UK Meteorological
Office) showed that the Indian monsoon
shows a positive relationship with the
SST anomalies of October and November of the previous year
6
•
Studies on the mechanisms of N2O
production in the upwelling zones
precludes nitrification as the major
process responsible for N2O production.
•
High concentration of N2O and partial
pressure of CO2 (upto 62.5 nM and 700
μatm respectively) were off SW Indian
coast during summer monsoon. These
are the highest recorded for any
oceanic surface waters. This reinforces
the view that the coastal eastern
boundary upwelling serve as significant
source of greenhouse gases, particularly N2O.
•
Under JGOFS, we observed higher
concentrations of Transparent
Exopolymer Particles (TEPs) in areas
of upwelling in the Arabian Sea than in
the Bay of Bengal. Despite the
negative relation between TEPs and
nitrate deficit, an average TEP concentration of ~ 10 mg I-1 in the Arabian Sea
oxygen minimum zone indicates that
TEPs provide more than enough
organic carbon to sustain bacterial
activities in the denitrifying layer.
•
Close grid bathymetric surveys and
analysis of nodules carried out under
Indian Deepsea Experiment (INDEX) to
augment data on likely input due to
mining in the Central Indian Basin led to
the identification of test and references
areas.
Contract Services
The favourable industrial and investment
climate in the country catalysed the start of
many green field industries in the chemical,
petroleum and power sectors. The Institute
provided services in the form of consultancies for pre-feasibility studies and in the
form of contracted data collection and
analyses for full marine environmental
impact assessment reports. The earnings
accruing from these services continued to
show an increasing trend and the commercial rupees earned crossed Rs. 11 crores a 22% increase over the 1995-96 figures.
Two projects, of possible future importance
to the Institute were started this year:
1. The India Oil Corporation proposed joint
venture port with the Kuwait Oil Corporation at Paradip in Orissa brought us our
first foreign exchange earnings. This could
become an important trend considering the
large number of joint ventures power
projects expected to be set up in the next
few years.
2. The Gas Authority of India interest in the
gas hydrates potential in offshore waters
fitted us admirably as it utilised our core
competancies in geophysical research in a
proactive mode. With increasing pressures
to remain commercially competitive, this
project was a showcase of collaboration
between a research lab and industry.
These and similar projects are what we
see as fore-runners of the next era of
environmental impact assessment
programmes.
Industrial activity in the Gulf of Kachchh
continued increasing and we undertook 5
projects there, some in environmentally
sensitive ecosystems, of corals and
mangroves. The cumulative data sets from
different surveys in this area should allow
us in the near future to compute the
additive effects from contiguously situated
industries and make suggestions for
effective monitoring and mitigation
measures.
Ongoing projects in different coastal states
Budget vis-a-vis External Cash Flow (ECF)
(Rs. in Crores)
Contract Projects - areawise
7
Projects Undertaken
Title
Sponsoring Agency
A.. Sponsored & Consultancy
1. Environmental Impact Assessment
• EIA for branch pipeline from BHR to Budge Budge.
• Rapid and detailed marine EIA for proposed Ro-Ro/Lo-Lo
of RPL in path finder (Gulf of Kachchh) (Two projects).
• Environmental impact assessment of Amba estuary.
• Numerical models studies for refinery at Moti Khavdi.
• Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment of effluents from GACL
complex at Dahej.
• Performance evaluation of subsurface wastewater outfall of
Atul Complex in Par estuary.
• Rapid marine EIA of offshore coal terminal, coal jetty, conveyer
system & lighterage operations for SPIC, Chennai.
• Oceanographic studies for the marine disposal of treated industrial
effluent off Chennai coast (Three projects).
• Detailed marine environmental impact assessment of release
of effluents from GACL complex at Dahej.
• Environmental impact assessment studies at Positra I & II, Bedi Port
and nearby regions in the Gulf of Kachchh, Gujarat.
• Study of flora and fauna in the BPT area.
• EIA for proposed jetty expansion at Dharamtar creek.
• EIA & risk analysis studies for SPM, Jetties etc. for Eastern India Refinery
Project (EIRP) at Paradip, Orissa (Four projects).
• Studies for ensuring compliance to marine environmental requirements
related to the construction of RPL's marine facilities.
• Marine EIA for effluent discharge.
• EIA & Management Plan (marine-riverine site) for Birla - Cellulosic
Company Ltd. (Three projects).
• Environmental impact assessment off Positra point (Three projects).
• Marine EIA for a proposed port at Bedi.
• Marine EIA for the proposed port complex at Dahej.
• Oceanographic & Environmental studies for the water intake and effluent
discharge for Nagarjuna Power Corporation, Mangalore.
• Marine Environmental impact assessment studies for the sea water
intake and warm water discharge off Vembar, near Tuticorin,
Tamilnadu (Two projects).
• EIA Studies for Congentrix project (Three projects).
• Marine environmental impact assessment for proposed single point
mooring (SPM), sub-sea/onshore pipeline.
• Marine EIA for proposed product pipeline of RIL between Sikka and
Kandla (Gulf of Kachch) and associated facilities.
• Marine EIA & Management Plan for TIDC, Ennore
(Three projects).
• Environmental impact assessment for proposed Offshore Stockyard
& berth project (Two projects).
• Oceanographic & environmental studies for water intake and effluent
discharge for 2x500 MW coal fired thermal power project.
2.
Engineers India Ltd., Haryana
Reliance Petroleum Ltd., Mumbai.
Indian Petro Chemicals Ltd., Nagothane.
Reliance Industries Ltd., Mumbai.
Gujarat Alkalies and Chemicals Ltd. Vadodara
Atul Products Ltd., Gujarat
SPIC Electric Power Corporation, Chennai.
SPIC Petrochemicals Ltd., Chennai
Gujarat Alkalies and Chemicals Ltd. Vadodara.
Gujarat Maritime Board, Ahmedabad.
Bombay Port Trust, Mumbai.
Tata Risk Management Services, Mumbai.
Indian Oil Corporation Ltd., New Delhi.
Reliance Petroleum Ltd., Mumbai.
Trisakthi Energy Pvt., Ltd., Chennai.
Birla Cellulosic Co. Ltd., Gujarat.
Gujarat Maritime Board, Ahmedabad.
Gujarat Maritime Board, Ahmedabad.
Gujarat Maritime Board, Ahmedabad.
Nagarjuna Power Corporation Ltd., Mangalore.
Indian Power Projects Ltd., Chennai.
Mangalore Power Co., Bangalore.
Bharat Oman Refineries Ltd., Mumbai.
Reliance Petroleum Ltd., Mumbai.
Tamilnadu Industrial Development Corporation,
Chennai.
Mormugao Maritime Ltd., Goa.
Nagarjuna Power Corporation Ltd., Mangalore.
Geological and Geophysical surveys
• Preliminary assessment on the dredging of river mouths of Goa.
• Feasibility studies for a beach resort at Arambol, Goa.
• Interpretation of seismic records of 85°E Ridge for hydrate evidence.
8
Government of Goa.
ITC Hotels Ltd., New Delhi.
Gas Authority of India Ltd., New Delhi.
Title
• Stability of breakwater sections at Jaighad, Agargule, Vijaydurg
and Redi ports.
• Preparation of Gas hydrates resource map of India.
• Bathymetric and seabed surveys for proposed all weather ports at
Reddi, Vijayadurga & Agargule.
• Erosional trends along the sea coast off Jafarabad.
• Bathymetric and seabed surveys for proposed submarine pipeline
route off Dahej, (Ph. I & II).
• Post-lay survey for submarine pipeline route off Dahej (Ph. III).
• Bathymetric surveys in Nagarjuna lake.
• Bathymetric and seabed surveys for Birla Cellulosic Company Ltd., Gujarat
• Bathymetric and seabed studies for effluent submarine pipeline route off
Dahej (Ph. I)
3.
Govt. of Maharashtra, Mumbai.
Gas Authority of India Ltd., New Delhi.
Maharashtra Maritime Board, Mumbai.
Narmada Cement Co. Ltd., Gujarat.
Gujarat Alkalies and Chemicals Ltd., Vadodara.
Gujarat Alkalies and Chemicals Ltd., Vadodara.
Naval Science & Technology Lab., Visakhapatnam.
Birla Cellulosic Co. Ltd., Gujarat.
Gujarat Alkalies and Chemicals Ltd., Vadodara.
Engineering
• Engineering consultancy for construction of a jetty at Ambolgarh Bay.
• Engineering consultancy for sea water intake and outfall structure locations.
• Current and tide measurements for design of pipeline from Jamnagar
to Kandla route.
• Directional wave measurements at Chilka mouth.
• Oceanographic studies for the development of ports at Redi, Vijaydurg
and Agargule.
• Engineering design for the location of warm water discharge into
the sea off Visakhapatnam.
• Directional wave measurements off Vembar, near Tuticorin, Tamilnadu.
• Float tracking studies off Mormugao.
• Engineering design review of submarine effluent pipeline of GACL.
4.
Sponsoring Agency
Dempo Engineering Works Ltd., Goa.
Dabhol Power Co., Mumbai.
Reliance Petroleum Ltd., Mumbai.
Government of Orissa.
Maharashtra Maritime Board, Mumbai.
Masula Marine Services, Visakhapatnam.
Indian Power Projects Ltd., Chennai.
Mormugao Maritime Ltd., Goa.
Gujarat Alkalies and Chemicals Ltd., Vadodara.
Miscellaneous
• Chemical analyses of soil and ground water samples for major and
minor elements.
• Chemical and textural analysis of seabed samples from areas around
offshore installations.
• The Goa eco-villages project.
• Underwater inspection of well.
• Ecological studies of flora and fauna for a HPCL virtual jetty at Kandla
• Underwater search surveys off Mumbai.
• Evaluation of one chemical constituents MAC-22 for its suitability
to Indian marine environment.
Oil and Natural Gas Commission, Margao, Goa.
Oil and Natural Gas Commission, Mumbai.
International Ocean Institute, Malta.
Public Works Department, Goa.
Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd., Mumbai.
Directorate of Revenue & Intelligence, New Delhi.
Streamline Shipping Co. Ltd., Mumbai.
B. Grant-in-Aid
• Establishment of Information Centre on Marine Sciences at NIO, Goa.
• Production of polysaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) by marine micro-organisms
particularly thraustochytrid fungi and their use in aquaculture diets.
• Underwater exploration off Poompuhar - Tamilnadu coast.
• Maintenance of tide station at Mormugao.
• Environmental impact assessment study in the pioneer area of CIOB.
• Establishing an Indian National Oceanographic Internet Server (INOIS).
• EIA Study in the pioneer area of CIOB with the help of chartered ship
MV AA Sidorenko during 1996-97.
• Evaluation of Horse-shoe crab for the presence of antifouling compounds.
Department of Scientific & Industrial Research,
New Delhi.
Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi.
Government of Tamilnadu, Chennai.
Survey of India, Dehra Dun.
Department of Ocean Development, New Delhi.
Department of Scientific & Industrial Research,
New Delhi.
Department of Ocean Development,
New Delhi.
Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi.
9
Coastal Environment
• Environmental Impact Assessment • Coastal Ocean Monitoring
and Prediction System • Coastal and Estuarine Dynamics
• Biodiversity and Biomedical Potential • Marine Archaeology
Environmental Impact Assessment
Shallow water mining
The possible environmental
impact of shallow water mining
of placer deposits off Chavara
(Kerala) was studied. The
average current, in general, was
greater in April than in other
months. In all seasons the
surface current speed varied
between 1 and 49 cm/s and the
bottom current between 1 and
35 cm/s. The tide progresses
along the coast from north to
south in this area. The direction
and speed of the residual
currents varied with season,
depth and location. In general,
the residual current direction at
the bottom was towards southsoutheast during November,
January and April. But during
April-May it was towards south
at all stations at the surface as
well
as bottom.
22 samples from 11 stations we
observed concentration of zinc
2.2 - 5.0 μg/g and cadmium 0.070.06 μg/g
In another such survey in Pulicat
backwaters and Ennur estuary
we noticed high values for
phosphate and ammonia during
low tide. The suspended load
was high in Pulicat backwaters.
In general, the southern arm of
the estuary appeared polluted
due to the discharge of effluents
from industries.
Industrial effluents
In similar studies to assess the
impact due to effluent discharge
from a chemical industry and
jetty construction in two locations
in the state of Gujarat, sampling
was done at Kharach and
Positra. The baseline data was
collected on water quality
parameters, temperature,
salinity, dissolved oxygen and
trace metals. In addition,
sediment and fish samples were
also collected for rnetal content
analysis. In our first analyses of
10
EIA projects in operation along coastal states.
Coastal Ocean Monitoring and Prediction System
levels of oxygen in the bottom
waters could be due to the
Goa-Mangalore-Alleppy sections eastward spreading of the water
layer containing primary nitrite
Under this long term programme
maximum in the Arabian Sea.
funded by the Department of
Ocean Development, observaSamples collected at transects
tions were made at 8 transects
off Goa, Ratnagiri, Malvan,
between Mormugao and
Karwar and Mangalore were
Mangalore. The observations
analysed for Cd, Pb and Hg.
included salinity, dissolved
The suspended paniculate
oxygen, suspended particulate
matter (SPM) values were low in
matter and concentrations of
general (<30 mg/l) except at
heavy metals - Cd, Pb and Hg.
Zuari possibly due to
The dissolved oxygen concenresuspension of sediments
tration was generally high in
during low tide.
surface waters but bottom
Cadmium and lead did not show
waters showed low levels in the
any abnormal values whereas
northern transects. These low
mercury was slightly higher off
oxygen bottom waters were
Karwar (50 ng/l-150 ng/l),
associated with relatively high
Between the Mangalore and
nutrients, especially nitrite off
Alleppey the environmental
Ratnagiri (6.5 μrnol/l), probably
parameters observed were
due to the residual effect of
within levels encountered for
monsoonal upwelling along this
coast, by which oxygen depleted other coastal waters, but fairly
high oxidising conditions were
nutrient rich waters from
found with low values of BOD,
intermediate depths in the
indicative of organic pollution.
Arabian Sea are brought to the
surface near the coasts. This is
Among the zooplankton species,
confirmed from the observed
copepods dominated and the
values of oxygen and nutrients
density of benthic organisms
which indicate that the presence
were highest at Calicut and
of nitrite associated with low
lowest at Kasargod. The
heterotrophic bacterial
population showed a high
incidence in sediments,
indicative of the nutritional status
of the ecosystem. Among the
indicator bacteria group only
coliforms occurred regularly
suggesting the faecal
contamination of the area.
West coast
Mumbai waters
Map showing COMAPS network.
The nearshore waters sustain a
rich and diverse zooplankton
fauna. Continuous observations
for a period of 15 months indicated peak production of
zooplankton during the
postmonsoon period and high
production of phytoplankton
during the monsoon period
11
average cell count (28 x 105 r -1).
Of the forty two species, Acartia
spinicauda dominated the
copepod community. Four
species of chaetognaths were
found in the area with
predominance of Sagitta bedoti.
Among the penaeid larvae
Metapenaeus affinis was the
most common species.
Population of omnivores
dominated the zooplankton
community. This appears to be
partially influenced by the high
fluxes of anthropogenic
pollutants reaching the coastal
waters from the interior creek
system.
Metals in zooplankton
Among different metals studied
in the zooplankton community,
Cu and Zn contributed 60-90%
of the total elements accumulated, in general, concentration
of Zn was higher than Cu in
different groups, with levels of Zn
in polluted locations being twice
higher than the outer zone. The
maximum concentrations of
metals was observed in gelatinous organisms which included
a variety of carnivores. Metal
concentration in copepods was
lower than carnivores, with the
lowest concentrations of metals
in decapods probably because
of the effective elimination of a
part of the concentrated metal
through periodic moulting. The
levels of concentration of metals
in crabs and shrimps in this area
was high, but within the prescribed limits for consumption.
East Coast
Gautami-Godavari
Hydrobiological studies in the
Gautami - Godavari estuarine
system showed that 20% of
inorganic phosphate and total
phosphorus was added to the
estuary during the pre- and postmonsoon seasons. However,
during postmonsoon period total
nitrogen showed a near conservative distribution while
geochemical processes removed
13% of nitrate. During the
postmonsoon period,
phytoplankton counts were
higher in the estuarine region
than in the coastal regions,
whereas a reverse trend was
observed in the premonsoon
period.
Based on the mixing characteristics and flow pattern, the estuary
behaves as (i) well stratified
during NE monsoon, (ii) moderately stratified in postmonsoon
and (iii) partially mixed in
premonsoon seasons.
Coastal and Estuarine Dynamics
Modelling for pipeline design
Time series measurements of
currents, tides and bottom
temperature were carried out off
Sikka and off Mundra in the Gulf
of Kutch for 35 days from JuneJuly 1996 using both DCM-12
and RCM-4 current meters.
There was no noticeable vertical
shear except during the time of
strong winds when the currents
at the uppermost level were
higher.
Using a software package TIDAL
the tidal circulation in the Gulf of
Kutch was simulated. An open
boundary was selected along the
Okha point. The model output of
current components and tidal
height were compared with the
currents and water elevation
measured using DCM-12 current
meter off Sikka and Mundra. The
model results showed good
agreement with the measured
values.
Biodiversity and Biomedical Potential
Biodiversity
Planktonic foraminifera off the
Kerala coast
Marine organisms screened for bioactivity.
Twenty-eight species of planktonic foraminifera were recorded
from 46 plankton samples
collected from 27 stations of 5
traverses along the Kerala coast.
The mean abundance of total
foraminiferal specimens of all
stations in each traverse showed
an increase from south to north.
Two distinct foraminiferal
assemblages were noted - (i) a
summer tropical one typified by
species such as Globigerinella
aequilateralis, Globigerinoides
conglobatus, G. ruber and G.
sacculifer, (ii) a summer tropical
upwelling assemblage formed by
species, viz.Globigerina
bulloides and Neogloboquadrina
dutertrei. The spinose species of
the genus - Globigerinoides were the most abundant.
The fauna in general is similar to
that of the western Sargasso
Sea and western north Atlantic in
that it is characterised by
summer species such as G.
ruber, G. sacculifer, G.
conglobatus, G. aequilateralis,
O. universe and H. pelagica, but
differs in having G. sacculifer as
the most abundant species in
lieu of G. ruber.
diversity of the population,
Baypore estuary ranked first;
Blackfordia virginica, Eutima
commensalis, Eirene cylonensis,
Phialidium hemisphacricum and
P. brunescens were the
commonly occuring species.
Ostronmovia inkermanica was
recorded from Mumbai estuarine
system. Salinity was found to be
the limiting factor for the growth
and activity of hydromedusae.
Biomedical potential
Investigations on this national
project for development of new
and safe drugs from the marine
environment was continued.
Major emphasis was laid on the
isolation of active constituents
from a mangrove (NIO-450).
Fifteen new extracts and earlier
promising fractions were sent to
participating laboratories for
testing for specific activities.
Gorgonian NIO-484
Tricyclic sesquiterpenoid,
subergorgic acid, having potent
cardiotoxicity (Fenical, et al.,
1985) and its hydroxy, acetoxy
analogs along with a novel
polyhydroxy sterol were isolated.
Structural investigation of the
sterol is in progress.
Soft coral NIO-488
Species diversity in
hydromedusae
A comparative study was made
of species diversity, abundance
and distribution of
hydromedusae from different
estuarine systems of the west
coast of India. Maximum species
diversity (345 species) was
observed from Mumbai harbour
and Thane Bassein estuarine
complex. Cochin backwaters
had 22 species and Baypore
estuary had only 6 species. In
Chemical studies of methylene
chloride fraction of this soft coral
yielded several sterols in
addition to fatty acids and their
methyl esters reported earlier.
The sterols included 24 methyl
and ethyl cholesterol, 24
methylene cholesterol, 24
methylene 8 dehydro cholesterol, 24 methylene 5, 8 diene3B-01,24 methylene-5, 22-diene3B, 7B-ol. All these compounds
were characterised using
spectroscopic techniques.
13
Gorgonian NIO-496
Red alga NIO-499
Several monohydroxy sterols
and fatty acids were isolated
from petroleum ether fraction
whereas CHCI 3 fraction yielded
caffeine, its 2-OMe analog. Nmethyl pyrazole carboxylic acid
and 1β, 3β, 5β, 6α-tetrahydroxy
cholestane. Caffeine had mild
antifouling properties, whereas
its O-Me analog was devoid of
this activity.
Detailed chemical investigation
of this alga led to the isolation of
24-nor-cholest 5, 22-diene 3B-ol;
24-methylene cholesterol, 24ethyl 5, 22, diene-3B-ol. Further
fractions on repeated column
chromatography gave a colourless crystalline solid which was
tentatively characterised as Nsubstituted pyrazine derivative.
Steroids from marine sponge
Mangrove NIO-497
The crude methanolic extract of
this mangrove exhibited antibacterial activity located in butanol
fraction. Two compounds K006
and K007 (flavonoids) isolated
from the active fraction, have
shown anti-bacterial activity at
30 mg/ml concentration against
six bacteria.
Two sponges studied contained
C27-29 mono and diunsaturated
sterols. One of them in addition
contained cholest-4-ene-3-one.
Butyl alcohol, its higher homologue and a heteroaromatic acid,
4 methyl-pyrazole 3(5) carboxylic acid have been identified. The
nucleoside from one species
was found antiviral and identified
as spongoadenosin or Ara-A.
Marine Archaeology
Onshore explorations of the
Tamilnadu coast
Onshore archaeological explorations were carried out at
Ramnathpuram, Rameswaram
and Nagarcoil coast in
Tamilnadu for ports and ancient
settlements. A mooring stone
was noted at Algankulam and an
ancient port site belonging to
Sangam period situated about 3
km from the seashore near
Ramnathpuram.
Another important site at
Aryangundur is situated in
Rameswaram island. A high cliff
section facing sea was noticed
and a lot of pottery was collected. More than two metre
deposit of human settlement with
remains of shell works suggests
a port that was in service for a
long period. The discovery of
Chinese pottery suggest a
habitation of 1Oth-11th century
and trade contact with east.
14
Explorations at Puttan Thurai
and Manakudi yielded evidences
of habitation from the Medieval
period. Evidence of an ancient
temple was also traced at Puttan
Thurai.
Offshore Explorations in
Poompuhar waters
Underwater explorations off
Poompuhar revealed the
presence of a few stone blocks
in various water depths. Airlift
operations revealed the presence of several stone blocks in
deeper sediments.
Further exploration of a shipwreck off Poompuhar showed a
wooden hulled ship with surface
badly damaged by borers. A
large number of lead ingots
found there indicate that the ship
of Danish nationality possibly
belonged to another East India
Company.
Lead ingot from Poompuhar waters (top) and wooden plank
from the shipwreck.
Engineering, Techniques
& Technology
• Design Methodology for Coastal Structures
• Biofouling & Corrosion • Aquaculture
• Instrumentation
Design Methodology for Coastal Structures
Feasibility studies
Pre-feasibility study for
construction of a jetty at
Ambolgarh, based on the
available data on wave climate,
tides, longshore currents,
sediment transport and a site
visit, was carried out. Similar
studies were also done for
dredging of river mouths at
Chapora, Sal, Saleri, Talpona
and Galjibag along the Goa
coast. Along the east coast,
studies on the effects of
dredging to improve the salinity
of the Chilka lake and better
water exchange with the sea
was carried out. Locations for
sea water intake and warm
water discharge for the
proposed power project near
Dabhol port (Maharashtra) were
identified.
Directional wave modelling
Deployment of DCM12 Current meter
Directional wave measurement
carried out at 15 m water depth
off Nagapattinam indicated that
during the observation period the
highest significant wave height
was about 2 m and the highest
maximum wave height observed
was about 3.8 m. The zero
crossing wave period varied
between 3 and 9 s, and wave
direction varied between 100°
and 170° during SW monsoon
and between 60° and 120°
during fair weather period.
The study also showed that the
spreading parameter can be
estimated from the significant
wave height and wave period
corresponding to maximum
spectral energy without relating
to wind conditions. The unidirectional spectra can be modelled
using the Scott spectra.
Wave directional spectrum
Wave direction has for the first
time been consistently,
accurately and unambiguously
evaluated from array
measurements using phase/
time/path difference methods of
Esteva (1976,1977) in case of
polygonal arrays and Borgman
(1974) in case of linear arrays.
We have used time series
measurements of water surface
elevation at a 15-gauge
polygonal array, in approximately
8 m water depth, operational at
the CERC's Field Research
Facility (FRF) at Duck, North
Carolina, USA. Two
modifications were made in the
methodology. In one, we use the
true phase instead of the
apparent phase, and the
estimates of wave direction are
registered only if the relevant
gauges are coherent at 0.01
significance level. PTPD
methods assume that in a
spectral frequency band, the
waves approach from a single
15
direction - and are simple,
expedient and provide
redundant estimates of wave
direction. Our estimates of
wave direction are in agreement
with the results obtained by
the FRF using the sophisticated
Interative Maximum Likelihood
Estimation method, which
assumes that at a frequency
band, waves can approach
from all directions. (Fernandes et
al., 1996. Proc. Intl. Conf. in
Ocean Engg., IIT Madras,
243-248).
Optimal parametric modelling
The spectral analysis of
measured short waves can be
expressed by parametric models
namely autoregressive or
moving average algorithms
which are polynomial functions.
Further reduced-order,
autoregressive, moving
average spectral estimations
are successfully applied to time
series waves with different
sampling rates. This study
emphasised the importance of
selecting a suitable sampling
interval for better estimates of
parametric modelling and also
for better statistical
representation.
Geotechnical studies of marine
sediments
Undisturbed seabed sediments
were collected off Chavara, off
Tuticorin, from 35 locations off
Ennore, and from several
beaches of Goa to study
geotechnical properties in
connection with dredging of
placer deposits, laying of
submarine pipeline and beach
protection purposes.
Instrumentation
Autonomous Meteorological
Data Acquisition System for
coastal research vessel
Two autonomous Meteorological
Data Acquisition Systems for the
coastal research vessel of the
Department of Ocean Development have been designed and
installed on RV Sagar Paschimi
and RV Sagar Purvi. The system
is based on Motorola 68332 data
logger to acquire surface
meteorological parameters such
as winds, air temperature,
barometric pressure, solar
radiation and relative humidity. A
personal computer is used for
on-line display and storage of
the data. The computer is also
interfaced to a shipboard GPS
receiver for position tagging.
Ship speed and heading data
from the GPS receiver is then
used to estimate true winds.
Data acquisition software is
implemented to run in a windows
environment to provide front-end
16
graphical interface. The system
supports networking capabilities
that can monitor data from other
personal computers in the
network.
Remotely Operable Sea
Skimmer (ROSS)
ROSS is an autonomous
unmanned vehicle designed for
use in bathymetric surveys in
coastal and estuarine environments to complement manned
survey vessels in hazardous
environments. Two distinct
proofs of concept versions of the
ROSS hull have been conceived
and implemented in the field
using a theter. In ROSS version
1, developed at the IIT Chennai,
the vehicle is a standard
catamaran hull fitted with
stabilising skegs. In a second
patented version developed at
NIO the hull is made from a free
flooding HDPE tube enclosing 3
buoyant sealed bins containing
Weather station
ROSS version 1.
batteries and electronics. A
detachable aluminium frame
bolted to a welded rib on the
outer hull carries two brushless
DC thrusters. Both versions are
equipped with a GPS (Global
Positioning System) to measure
position on the sea surface.
Additional sensors include a low
cost echosounder, digital
compass, temperature and a
UHF radio modem. ROSS is
currently being developed to
receive commands over the UHF
link and io send acquired data to
the user controlling it. The
project is an ongoing collaborative venture involving NIOT,
Chennai, IIT, Chennai and NIO,
Goa with funding from the
Department of Ocean Development, New Delhi.
PVC protective wells for guided
air-acoustic sea level gauges
ROSS version 2
PVC protective wells for airacoustic sea level gauges were
fabricated and supplied to
Survey of India under the
SELMAM project. These wells
were installed at the ports of
Mormugao, Chennai and Port
Blair during April-May, 1996.
Installation of the system at
Mormugao harbour was undertaken by NIO. Two sources of
errors associated with this gauge
have been investigated, namely
trapping of low density water and
temperature gradient in its
sounding tube. These effects
were investigated by periodic
profiling of water density inside
and outside of the protective well
and air temperature profile
external to the sounding tube
and within the protective well. It
was observed that trapping
effect gives rise to overestimation of water level upto 1% of
tidal range at Zuari estuary, Goa.
The error in sea level measurement due to temperature
gradient within the sounding
tube of the air acoustic gauge
had been found to be maximum
(5-6 cm) during summer day
times. We have implemented a
temperature correction scheme
which partially reduces the error
from this source. Our studies
thus reveal that the so called
'Next Generation Water Level
Measurement System
(NGWLMS)' does not provide
the desired millimeter scale
accuracy.
Biofouling & Corrosion
Microfouling
Test panels for biofouling studies
Suspended particulate matter
(SPM) and the biofilm material
on aluminium panels immersed
in water were analysed. The
diversity of diatom population
and that in the fouling film is not
reflected evenly indicating that
recruitment of diatom cells is not
fully controlled by their diversity
in the water column.
Exopolymers isolated from
barnacle shells bearing bacteria
and the adult extract were found
to promote settlement of cyprids.
Anticorrosion properties of
marine sponge
In our attempt to explore and
develop anticorrosion formulations we made an attempt to
study a marine sponge. The
aqueous extract of this organism
at 1.5 mg/ml concentration was
found adequate to produce a
passive steel surface. The
inhibition mechanism was
studied by gravimetric and
potentio-dynamic techniques.
Aquaculture
Prawn culture
Biofertilizer
A pilot scale prawn hatchery and
aquaculture facility with modern
amenities has been established,
under the Technology Mission
Mode Project on "Semi-intensive
Prawn Aquaculture" funded by
the Department of Biotechnology. The hatchery has an annual
production capacity of 2 million
post-larvae. The system was
also found to be efficient in
breeding and culturing giant
freshwater prawn
Macrobarchium rosenbergii.
Knowhow was developed to
prepare seaweed extract as
biofertiiizer to be used in
agriculture and horticulture.
The extract containing hormones, micronutrients and
trace metals when sprayed on
plants showed cumulative
effect such as increase in the
rate of seed germination, leaf
& fruit sizes, yield and resistance from insect attack.
Techniques for culturing larval
stages of Penaeus merguiensis
have been developed and
perfected. Techniques have also
been developed and standardised for mass culturing of
phytoplankton species and
Artemia nauplii as prawn larval
feed.
Experiments were conducted on:
- Respiratory metabolism in
juvenile Penaeus monodon;
- Effect of salinity and pH on
growth of postlarval Penaeus
merguiensis;
- Hatching performance of brine
shrimp;
- Formulation of cost effective
prawn postlarval feed
-Antagonistic behaviour of
phytoplankton.
Culture Technique for HorseShoe Crab
A field laboratory has been
established at Balramgari,
Orissa. Three rearing ponds (30
x 6 m) have been constructed for
culturing of horse shoe crab
under captive conditions. This
will ensure the sustainable
supply of the raw material for the
preparation of a diagnostic
reagent (LAL). A new species
has also been found along the
Paradeep coast.
18
The knowhow has been
transferred to M/s Pralsher
Bioproducts Ltd., Curchorem,
Goa for commercialization. The
product is marketed by the firm
under brand name
PLANTOzyme.
Facilities for aquaculture.
Genetic Studies
Isozyme analysis conducted
on a few specimens of lantern
fish (Myctophidae) collected
from the Indian Ocean sector
of the Antarctic Ocean indicated very high genetic
variation in these species.
Information on the population
genetic structure of these
myctophids will be of vital
importance for future large
scale fishery programmes, as
well as for a more general
understanding of the Antarctic
marine ecosystem.
Very clear differentiation
between the two species
analysed was seen at the LDH
and MDH loci, could be used
as reliable markers to identify
these species.
Studies were also undertaken
on the genetic divergence and
phylogenetic relationships in 3
species of threadfin breams
(Nemipteridae) collected from
Goa waters. Four isozyme loci
were found to be reliable
species specific markers.
A few stages of laboratory hatched
horse-shoe crab (incubation - 29
hrs).
Offshore Processes
& Resources
• Physical Processes in the Tropical Indian Ocean • Quaternary
Paleoclimate • Geology & Geophysics • Offshore Resources
Physical Processes in the Tropical Indian Ocean
Western Indian Ocean
Current systems and transports
Annual variation in volume for transport of (a) SEC and SECC
(b) equatorial flow in 2°N • 2°S zonal belt. Positive values
indicate eastward transport while negative ones westward
transport.
The XBT data collected along
the Mumbai-Mauritius shipping
route during 1992-1996 under
the TOGA-I XBT programme
were analysed and the
seasonal upper layer (0-760 m)
thermal structure, heat content
and zonal flow patterns were
determined. The temperature
of the surface homogeneous
layer (SHL) increased from
28°C to 30°C from winter to
summer while its thickness
decreased from 40 to 20 m
north of the equator. The slope
and spatial changes in the
thermocline revealed the
presence of seasonally
variable zonal current systems:
North Equatorial Current
(NEC), Indian Monsoon
Current (IMC), Wyrtki's Jet,
South Equatorial Current
(SEC) and South Equatorial
Counter Current (SECC). The
spreading of thermocline at
subsurface depths (~100 m)
also revealed the presence of
equatorial undercurrent (EUC)
during winter (February). The
equatorial Wyrtki's Jet was
evident during summer (May)
and the winter transition
(October). The thermal
structure sections further
showed the presence of a
dome between the SECC and
SEC called the "Southern
tropical Indian Ocean Thermal
Front" (SIOTF) with its axis
shifting poleward with depth.
This front reached up to the
SHL and shifted close to the
equator during the SW
monsoon. The SIOTF intensified with large lateral gradients
during January-February
(southern summer). Below 200
m, the temperature of the
tropical Indian Ocean appeared
to be affected by the location of
SIOTF with warmer waters to
its north and south. This frontal
structure was characterised by
lower heat content (in the
upper 760 m column) compared to its northern and
southern sides and its seasonal variation was related to
the seasonal variation of SEC
transport. (Sarma et al., 1996.
Communicated to
Oceanologica Acta).
The analysis further revealed
the presence of a narrow
equatorial flow between 2°N
and 2°S persisting for the
whole year apart from the other
current systems of the tropical
Indian Ocean. The equatorial
19
flow exhibited semi-annual
cycle with a mean westward
transport of 19 Sv during
February-July and a mean
eastward transport of 22 Sv
during September-February.
The transport of IMC showed
variations, with higher (14 Sv)
values during July between 3°
and 5°N. Similarly, NEC also
exhibited wide variations in its
transport (7 - 34 Sv) during
January-March. Off the SW
coast of India, the presence of
a warm core eddy during
February and a cold core eddy
during October were noticed.
The SEC was found to be a
perennial phenomenon in the
southern tropical Indian Ocean
with seasonal variability in its
transport and northern boundary. The SECC is also a yearround feature whose seasonal
transports appeared to be
related to the equatorial flow
(Murty et al., 1996. Communicated to Deep Sea Res.).
Bay of Bengal
Circulation
Hydrographic data collected
from 3 to 10 September, 1996
along two transects, one along
18°N and the other along 90°E,
were utilised to examine the
thermohaline circulation and
chemical properties of the Bay
during the withdrawal phase of
the SW monsoon. The surface
salinity exhibited wide spatial
variability with values as low as
25.78 psu at 18°N/87°E and as
high as 34.79 psu at 8°N/90°E.
Two high salinity cells (S>35.2
psu) were noticed around
100 m depth along the 90°E
transect. The wide scatter in
T-S values between 100 and
200 m was attributed to the
presence of the Arabian Sea
High Salinity Watermass
(ASHSW). Though the warm
and low salinity conditions at
the sea surface were conducive for rise in the sea surface
topography at 18°N, 87°E, the
20
dynamic height showed a
reduction of 0.2 dyn.m. This fall
was attributed to thermocline
upwelling noticed at this
location. The geostrophic
currents showed alternating
flows across both the
transects. Relatively stronger
and mutually opposing currents
were noticed around 25 m
depth across the 18°N transect
with a velocity slightly in
excess of 30 cm.s -1. Similar
high velocity (>40 cm.s -1)
pockets were also noticed to
extend up to 30 m depths in
the southern region of the
90°E transect. However, the
currents below 250 m depth
were weak and in general < 5
cm.s -1. The net geostrophic
volume transports were found
to be of the order of 1.5 Sv
towards the north and of 6 Sv
towards the west across the
18°N and 90°E transects
respectively. The surface
circulation patterns were also
investigated using the trajectories of drifting buoys deployed
in the eastern Indian Ocean
around the same observation
period. Poleward movement of
the drifting buoy with the arrival
of the IMC to about 12°N along
the eastern rim of the Bay was
noticed in early October. The
presence of an eddy in the SW
Bay and the IMC along its
southern periphery was also
evident (Sarma et al., 1996.
Communicated to Deep Sea
Res.).
Volume transport across 90°E in 0-100 m and
0-1000 m layers. Note that the transport in
the upper layer particularly in the Southern
Bay is larger.
Arabian Sea
Transparent exopolymer
particles
The biogeochemical significance of Transparent
Exopolymer Particles (TEP) in
the ocean was studied under
the JGOFS programme.
Concentrations of TEPs were
higher in the Arabian Sea than
in the Bay of Bengal. TEP
concentrations were higher in
the upwelied surface waters of
Trajectory of drifting buoy during June - October, 1996
highlighting 'C' shaped anticyclonic flow initially shifting
shoreward then southward upto 8°N where the buoy
encounters eastward flow.
A schematic presentation of TEP formation and implications
to biogeochemical cycling of carbon in the oceans.
Dual isotopic composition of nitrous oxide in the Arabian Sea.
the Arabian Sea. The availability of nutrients triggered
intense biological production
leading to enhanced release of
extracellular material. Very
high concentrations of TEPs
were found at ~ 600 m at 18°
and ~ 20°N where upwelling
occurred. Such concentration
gradients were not seen in the
Bay where TEPs varied within
a narrow range. The TEPs
number was less and the sizes
were relatively large in the
Arabian Sea due to the
stickiness. The bacterial
numbers were higher in the
Bay facilitating particle breakdown and reduction in stickiness thereby increasing TEP
numbers. The small percentage of TEPs that were associated with mineral particles in
the Arabian Sea could have
been due to the lower inputs of
terrigenous particles through
rivers and atmosphere. This
explains the higher sinking
fluxes of organic carbon in the
Bay than in the Arabian Sea
(2.04 - 3.59 and 1.53 -1.80 gC
m-2 y-1, respectively) and
provides direct evidence for the
mineral ballast hypothesis that
links the long-term storage of
atmospheric carbon dioxide in
the ocean to the organicmineral interactions in the
water column. Decreased
levels of TEPs coincide with
higher secondary nitrite and
nitrate deficits suggesting the
involvement of TEPs in
bacterial respiration / production in denitrifying layers.
Despite the negative relation
between TEPs and nitrate
deficits an average TEP
concentration of ~10 mg I-1
persisted in the Arabian Sea
oxygen minimum zone. This
reveals that TEPs provide more
than enough organic carbon to
sustain bacterial activities in
these denitrifying layers.
Consequently, this carbon pool
of TEPs may account for the
hitherto unknown 'carbon
substrate' required to meet the
bacterial demand in subsurface
layers of the Arabian Sea.
(Kumar et al., 1996. Accepted
Geophys. Res. Lett).
Prediction of monsoon
A detailed investigation of the
warm pool and SST anomalies
(SSTA) in the equatorial Indian
and west Pacific Oceans was
carried out using 90 years
(1906-1995) data on SST
anomalies obtained from the
U.K. Meteorological Office,
Bracknell. Relationships
between the SSTA and
monsoon rainfall was also
examined using 21 years data
on SSTA.
It was found that the Indian
monsoon rainfall was positively
correlated (r = 0.75) with SSTA
in the region, 0-5°N and 8085°E during October and
November months of the
previous year.
Dual isotopic composition of
nitrous oxide
In our Indo-US collaborative
investigations, measurements
of dual isotopic composition of
dissolved N2O in oxygendeficient waters of the Arabian
Sea show that denitrification
leads to mid-depth enrichments
of both 15N and 18O in N2O, that
are by far the largest reported
from any natural environment.
However, this layer is effectively isolated from the atmosphere by the overlying layer
which is characterized by high
concentrations of tighter N2O.
We have also acquired the first
data set on isotopic composition of N2O from an intense
upwelling zone (off the SW
coast of India) where some of
the highest concentrations of
N2O at the sea surface (up to
62.5 nM, 953% saturation)
were observed. The N2O-rich
upwelled waters are moderately depleted in 15N (by 6‰),
but slightly enriched in 18O (by
3 ‰ ) compared to tropospheric
N2O. The observed opposing
trends in 15N and 18O, and
21
modest departures from
tropospheric isotopic composition, clearly indicate that the
ocean-atmosphere exchange
cannot counter inputs of
heavier isotopes (particularly
18
O) associated with the
stratospheric back flux, calling
for additional sources and/or
sinks of N2O in the atmosphere. Our results also provide
important insights into the
mechanisms of N2O production. As N2O produced by
nitrifying bacteria is highly
depleted in 1 5 N, the modest
depletion of 15N observed by us
even within the most active
upwelling zones appears to
rule out nitrification as a major
process responsible for
oceanic N2O production. Within
the suboxic zone, the δ15N of
nitrate is lower than the
corresponding value for N2O by
4.6-9.70/oo at depths >= 200 m,
and higher by 0.6-3.80/oo at
shallower depths, suggesting
that the mechanisms of intense
N2O accumulation at the upper
and lower boundaries of the
suboxic layer may be quite
different. It is proposed that
while denitrification may be the
principal mechanism for the
production of isotopically-heavy
N2O in the deeper layer,
isotopically-light N2O in the
upper water column may be
produced dominantly through
nitrification-denitrification
coupling involving nitric oxide
(NO).
Upwelling off the southwest
coast of India
intensive observations made
during the SW monsoon of
1995 revealed intense
upwelling off the SW Indian
coast causing high nitrate
concentrations at the sea
surface. While denitrification
did not appear to occur in the
water column, the ratio
between nitrate+nitrite and
phosphate exhibited consistent
decrease with depth at all
shallow stations suggesting a
22
strong sedimentary sink of
nitrate. Concentrations of nitrous
oxide (N2O) and partial pressure
of carbon dioxide (pCO2) (up to
62.5 nM and 700 μatm, respectively) were among the highest
recorded in oceanic surface
waters supporting the view that
the eastern-boundary upwelling
zones serve as significant
sources of greenhouse gases,
particularly N2O. Close coupling
between nitrification and
denitrification might cause
extremely high N2O concentrations (reaching up to 138 nM) in
near-bottom waters close to the
coast.
Andaman Sea
Abnormal variations in a CTD
profile were noticed in the
Andaman Sea during SK118
cruise. The temperature fell by
4°C while the salinity decreased
by 0.35 psu at 100 m depth at
10°30'N, 93°15'E within about 2
hrs. Sound velocity also decreased by 10 m.s -1 at this
depth. The 24.0 ot isopycnal
surface shoaled from 120 m to
90 m. An unexpected minimum
in dissolved oxygen (34 μmol/l)
and a peak in silicate (36 μmol/l)
were noticed at this location. The
above features could be due to a
solition or a fast moving coldcore sub surface eddy.
Vertical sections of oxygen and nitrate showing
the occurrence pf upwelling off Kerala.
Quaternary
Paleomonsoonal history of the
last 2500 years has been
reconstructed by studying a
170 cms long shallow water
(22 m) sediment core collected
near the mouth of the Kali river.
River influx intensity was
inferred from planktonic
forarminiferal and angular
asymmetrical morpho-group of
benthic foraminiferal abundances. The rate of sedimentation was determined from radio
carbon dating. The downcore
variation of the above parameters show that the Arabian
Sea witnessed increased
precipitation around 1705 AD
and 300 BC and dry climatic
conditions around 1565,1355,
1075 and 305 AD. Interestingly,
these periods, coincide with
archaeological events and
records in ancient scriptures
(e.g. Akbarnamah) describing
higher rainfall and famine
periods. (Nigam and Khare,
1996. An Integrated Approach
to Marine Archaeology, 27-30).
Paleomonsoons in late
Holocene
Fluctuations in fluxes of total planktonic
foraminiferal shells (>150 μm fraction) and
Globigerina bulloides (ages based on five AMS14C
dates marked by dotted arrows. Solid arrows mark
the start of monsoon intensification after glaciation
(at 12 ka) and weakening phase (at 3.5 ka).
Studies on the variability of the
Southwest (SW) monsoon
strength using the upwelling
indices (fluxes of total planktonic foraminifera and
Globigerina bulloides) from the
western Arabian Sea reveal
that the weakening phase of
the SW monsoon started
about 5 ka B.P. (ka = 1000
years). The intensity of
monsoon returned to glacial
strength at 3.5 ka B.P.,
coinciding with the onset of arid
climate elsewhere in the
tropics. The onset of the weak
phase of the monsoon and arid
climate at 3.5 ka appears to be
a primary reason for the
decline of the Indus Valley
Civilization, major changes in
Paleoclimate
vegetation along the Western
Ghats and decrease of
discharge from all major rivers
during that period.
(Naidu, 1996. Curr. Sci.,
71:715-718).
Coiling directions in
foraminifera and
paleoceanography
A high-resolution time-series
analysis of the coiling patterns
of two planktic foraminiferal
species, Neogloboquadrina
pachyderma and Globigerina
bulloides has been carried out
at ODP Site 723A, beneath the
seasonal upwelling region of
the Oman Margin in the
Arabian Sea. Results indicate
that accumulation rates of the
sinistral morphotype of N.
pachyderma increased during
the period of strong upwelling
between 10.5 and 5 ka B.P.
The dextral morphotype of N.
pachyderma shows greater
values during the last glacial
period when upwelling was
relatively weak. Fluxes of both
the sinistral and dextral
morphotypes of G. bulloides
increased during the interval of
stronger upwelling. Greater
increase in the flux of the
sinistral than of the dextral
morphotype of G. bulloides
during this interval resulted in
higher proportions of the
sinistral morphotype in the
sediment record. Enhanced
flux of the sinistral
morphotypes of N. pachyderma
and G. bulloides during periods
of intensified upwelling
suggests that the sinistral
morphotypes of both taxa are
more productive than the
dextral morphotypes in the
nutrient-rich upwelling waters.
These patterns indicate that
surface-water temperature may
not be the only factor control-
23
ling coiling directions of N.
pachyderma and G. bulloides.
(Naidu and Malmgren, 1996. J.
Foram. Res., 26: 64-70).
Culture of benthic foraminifera
A programme for laboratory
culture of benthic foraminifera
to study their growth was
initiated. These experiment
assume importance as the
foraminifera-based techniques
are increasingly being used to
generate the high resolution
proxy records for paleoclimatic
reconstruction. Among the
samples studied from the
nearshore regions of Goa the
benthic foraminifera Rosalina
leei were found abundant and
have been used for culturing.
Erdschreiber medium was
found to be conducive for their
growth and chamber formation.
Excess food supply showed
retarded effect on overall
growth rates. (Nigam etal.,
1996. J. Paleontol. Soc. India,
41:29-35).
Trace and rare-earth elements
in the Arabian Sea sediments
beneath and outside OMZ and
Paieoceanographic implications
CaCO3 organic carbon Corg
trace and rare-earth elements
(REE) have been determined in
surface sediments collected
from a transect of the WCMI
cutting across the Oxygen
Minimum Zone (OMZ).
Shale normalized REE patterns, Lan/Ybn ratio and Eu/Eux
anomalies indicate that the
sediments in the study area are
either derived from the adjoining Archaean land masses or
from distal Indus source.
Sediments from the OMZ
record highest uranium
contents, indicating that the U
may be precipitated as U+4
under the reducing conditions
of OMZ.
24
Sediments deposited beneath
the intense OMZ (oxygen <0.2
ml.l-1) and away from the OMZ
(oxygen 1-2 ml.l-1) show slightly
negative Ce anomalies, though
there is no significant difference between the two sets of
sediments. The Ce/Ce*shale
values are poorly related to U
and Corg which is indicative of
sub-oxic bottom waters.
Normative calculations suggest
that two sources, namely,
terrestrial and seawater
(terrestrial»seawater)
contribute to the total Ce
anomaly of the sediments. The
Ce anomaly values of the
calculated seawater derived
component are similar to the
anomalies reported for the
coastal waters and the
oxygenated surface waters of
the Arabian Sea and do not
show any relation to the
towered redox state of the
overlying water, probably due
to the redirection of dissolved
Ce into the oxic deeper water.
The data on recently deposited
sediments from a known
oxygen-poor environment
suggest that the Ce/Ce*shale in
high sedimentation areas of
continental margin environments may not be a good
paleoredox proxy. U/Th ratios
above 1.25 noticed in OMZ are
in accordance with the earlier
usage of this ratio for identifying reducing environment from
ancient sediments. (Nath et al.,
1996. Geochim. Cosmochim.
Acta., in press).
Aeolian input to the sediments
of SW continental margin of
India
Kaolinite, smectite, illite and
chlorite as the major clay
minerals and palygorskite and
gibbsite in minor quantities
have been recorded from the
slope of the southwestern
continental margin of India.
Contribution of kaolinite,
smectite and gibbsite is from
peninsular India through fluvial
Ce anomaly variation across OMZ in the Arabian
Sea in relation to other geochemical indicators.
discharge. Since formation of
palygorskite regime needs
arid, hot climate and saline
condition, occurrence of this
clay in the sediments suggests
aeolian transport from Arabia
and Somalia by the Arabian
northwesterly winds.
(Chauhan, 1996. Curr. Sci., 71:
233-236).
Paleoceanographic
interpretation from a study on
ferromanganese crust
X-ray diffractograms of sediments showing
palygorskite from the study area (between
Cape Comorin and Quilon).
A ferromanganese crust
dredged from the summit of the
Afanasiy-Nikitin seamount in
the North Central Indian Ocean
(NCIO) had recorded Neogene
oceanographic events. The
substrate of the crust is
composed of fresh water
phreatic calcite cement,
Terebratulinae casts, rounded
ferruginised basalt clasts and
weathered coralline algal
fragments suggesting an
exposure to subaerial conditions during the Oligocene (-30
Ma). The mineralogy, major,
trace and REE element
geochemistry and co-model
age estimates imply three
distinct accretionary environments during the crust growth:
(i) a period of contemporary
precipitation of Fe-Mn oxide
and carbonate fluor apatite
(CFA) in intermediate water
oxygen minimum zone (OMZ)
in the late Miocene, (ii) a pulse
of highest CFA precipitation
and detrital input in addition to
Fe-Mn oxide accretion at the
close of Miocene reflect most
intense OMZ and erosion of
Himalaya and, (iii) an improvement in the oxidizing condition
of ambient water due to
contraction of the late Miocene
OMZ facilitated an accretion
of pure Fe-Mn oxide during
Pliocene and later.
As a consequence of significant
deposition of CFA in addition to
Fe-Mn oxide during the
intensified OMZ, the normally
coherent behaviour of trivalent
rare earth elements (3+ REE) is
not observed in the crust. La,
Yb and Lu show a positive
association with the CFA phase
elements (Ca and P) and Pr,
Nd and Sm with the Mn-oxide
phase elements (Mn, Co and
Ni). This leads to an abnormal,
incoherent behaviour of the 3+
REE in multimineral authigenic
system. (Banakar, et al., 1996.
Mar. Geol., 136: 299-315).
Geology & Geophysics
Ferromanganese crust from the Afanasiy-Nikitin
seamount.
Neotectonic activity over ECMI
Magnetic, gravity, bathymetry
and high resolution seismic
studies of the southern part of
ECMI indicated three major
lineaments. An E-W lineation
off Nagapattanam fits well with
a major E-W trend delineated
on land as Palghat Tiruchurapalli shear zone
which is considered an
important tectonic boundry. The
lineation off Pondicherry at
12°15'N correlated with the
offshore extension of an onland
lineament trending NE-SW
between Kambam and
Pondicherry with an steep turn
near the coast off Pondicherry.
Gravity and magnetic data off
Chennai showed possible
offshore continuation of a
transition zone identified over
Peninsular India. The offshore
fragment of this lineation was
25
characterised by a free air
gravity rise of about 100
mgals, negative magnetic
anamoiy of 200 nT and also
associated with a steep
bathymetry rise of 2.5 km.
Magnetic modelling indicated
a shallow basement at a
depth of about 5 km flanked
by deeper source both from
north and south. Geomorphic
features such as fault valleys,
V-cut channels and sediment
slumps were inferred from
high resolution sparker data
along two E-W trending
lineaments off Chennai and
Nagapattanam which indicate
recent tectonic activity in this
part of the eastern continental shelf.
Inversion of magnetic data
along 40 profiles of the
eastern margin between
Visakhapatnam and Paradip
indicates (i) a shallow and
highly faulted basement in
the innershelf; (ii) a NE-SW
ridge trough configuration in
the midshelf; (iii) transition
from continental to oceanic
basement at the foot of the
continental slope; (iv) NW-SE
basement upward off
Bhimunipatnam to
Kalingapatnam and (v) N-S
basement trend off Chilka
lake.
Dual channel echosounding
surveys carried out in the
shelf area between Gopalpur
in the north and Pudimadaka
in the south revealed relict
morphological features like
pinnacle reef system both in
the innershelf and outershelf
regions.
Sedimentological studies
carried out on five short cores
collected from the deformation zone of the Central
Indian Basin (CIB) show two
distinct sedimentary facies
associated with abyssal plain
and abyssal hills.
26
Crustal evolution of the Bay of
Bengal
Bathymetry, magnetic, gravity
and multi-channel seismic
reflection data acquired in the
Bay of Bengal and in the distal
Bengal Fan have thrown
more light on break up of India
from eastern Gondwanaland
and the post-break up events
of the northeastern Indian
Ocean. The trend of the
fracture zones, the location of
the major magnetic chron 34,
and the Cretaceous Magnetic
Quiet Zone suggest that
Greater India separated from
Antarctica in the early
Cretaceous (i.e. polarity chron
M0 120 Ma) and drifted
northwestward. Negative
gravity anomalies are associated with basement rises
between the continental
margin of India and the
Ninetyeast Ridge. Magnetic
reversals and northward
trend of the 85°E Ridge
support a hotspot origin of the
ridge and that its emplacement took place probably after
the Cretaceous quiet period.
Juxtaposition of high-amplitude hyperbolic reflections,
down-faulted continental
blocks buried under thick
sediments, and associated
gravity and magnetic anomalies indicate the boundary
between continental and
oceanic rocks at the foot of
continental slope, about 80
km seaward of the present
continental shelf edge. Eight
seismic sequences, as thick
as 8.5 km, overlie the early
Cretaceous oceanic basement
and include four
unconformities (lower Eocene,
upper Oligocene, upper
Miocene, and upper
Pleistocene) which correspond to the major geologic/
tectonic events. Late Cretaceous/early Tertiary feature on
the eastern flank of the buried
85°E Ridge is interpreted as a
carbonate reef. The steep
subduction of older (cold)
Multichannel seismic record and magnetic anamaly across the
85°E Ridge depicting seismic structure of the ridge, carbonate
build up and fracture zone etc.
Indian plate beneath the
Burmese plate near the
Andaman Islands suggest the
Sunda Arc in this region to be
low to intermediate stress
subduction zone. (Gopala Rao
and Krishna, 1996. J.
Geophys. Res., in press).
Western continental margin of
India
Map showing magnetic profiles along the western continental
margin.
Terrestrial lime stones from continental shelf off Bhatkal:
(a) dune - associated calcrete and (b) rhizoliths (calcified
roots).
Study of closely spaced marine
magnetic profiles in the
northern Arabian Sea shows
that most of the identified
magnetic lineations in the
Arabian Sea are segmented by
oblique offsets representing
pseudofaults associated with
paleo-propagating ridges. The
early Tertiary seaftoor spreading in the Arabian Sea was
characterized by systematic
ridge propagation probably
caused due to influence of the
Reunion hotspot - on the
spreading segment. (Chaubey,
et a/.,1996, in press).
The calcareous deposits on the
western shelf of India off
Bhatkal, at 50-58 m depth
occur as crusts, sheets,
cylinders and reddish brown
mudstones. This indicates that
the particulate matter in the
calcareous deposits were
initially at the proximity of the
coast and cemented by
metastable calcites during the
Pleistocene interglacial
sealevel stands on the shelf.
Pedogenic cementation
process overprinted and
developed them into eolianites
and paleospls during the
subsequent Late Pleistocene
sealevel regression. (Rao and
Thamban, 1997. J. Geol. Soc.
India, 49: 297-306)
Genesis of apatite in the
phosphatised limestones on
the western continental shelf of
India was studied. The apatite
microparticles often adhere to
clays and resemble fossilized
bacteria hapetites. It appears
that abundant flux was
transported to the shelf at
about 8,300 years B.P. which
filled the pores / cavities of
corals and coralline algae.
Subsequently, microbial
organisms colonized the
sediment and filled pores of the
limestones and favoured rapid
precipitation of apatite locally
by utilising organic phosphate
and phosphate adsorbed on to
clays. Phosphatization of the
limestones is thus a short
event in the Early Holocene
influenced by microbial
processes. (Rao and Lamboy,
1996, Mar. Geol., 136: 41-53)
Carisberg Ridge
The Carisberg Ridge was
surveyed using the muitibeam
bathymetric system. The
results show a ridge axial
discontinuity with a broad axial
valley, depth varying from 4500
to 2200 m. The back scatter
amplitude data from muitibeam
revealed that the rift valley is
sedimented. Mantle rocks such
as lherzolites, gabbros,
serpentinites were collected
from the inner rift valley wall
indicating a shallow depth of
mantle. (Mudholkar, et al.,
1996. Inter Ridge News, 6, 34)
SEM of phosphatised limestones showing (a) phosphatised
bacteria within the algal cells (b) and also associated with clay
flakes.
27
Offshore Resources
Environmental impact
Assessment in Nodule Area Indian Deep-Sea Experiment
The Indian Deepsea Experiment (INDEX) in the Indian
Pioneer Area was initiated in
1995 to assess the possible
environmental impact on the
marine ecosystem due to
seabed mining in the Central
Indian Basin (CIB). Multidisciplinary studies on geological, biological, physical and
chemical aspects were undertaken for establishing the
baseline conditions in the CIB
area prior to the benthic
disturbance. The test and
reference areas were identified
for the benthic disturbance
experiment using close grid
bathymetric surveys and nodule
abandance data. Detailed
geochemical, sedimentological,
biological, and geo-technical
studies on sediments resulted in
understanding the benthic
conditions and the distribution
of macro, meio and micro fauna.
(Sharma, et al., 1996, communicated, ISOPE Proc.)
Analysis of ocean currents
obtained from the mooring of
the current meter arrays (with
Russian make POTOK current
meters in the CIB area revealed
considerable variability in the
flow field at different time-scales
(inertial to seasonal) even at
near bottom depths.
The magnitudes (directions) of
monthly mean currents at nearbottom depth of 5100 m were
estimated to be 3.0 cm.s -1
(104°) in April; 2.6 cm.s -1 (92°)
in May; 2.9 cm.s -1 (53°) in June;
2.2 cm.s -1 (228°) in July; 1.3
cm.s -1 (201°) in August and 1.6
cm.s -1 (306°) in September.
The preliminary analysis of CTD
data collected from the CIB area
indicated variations in the
thickness of upper oceanic
28
mixed layer, decrease in
surface salinity towards
southwest part of CIB and
strong near-surface halocline in
the upper 25 m water column.
A sub-surface salinity maximum and an intermediate
salinity minimum around 75
and 1000 m depths were
noticed in the area. The
temperature and salinity
variations were negligible
below 2000 m depth.
Analysis of chemical data
measured from the waters of
CIB area indicated low
concentrations of nitrate and
silicate in the surface mixed
layer, while phosphate concentrations increased rapidly. This
increase was associated with a
corresponding decrease in
dissolved oxygen. The shallow
oxygen maximum (2.3 - 4.3
ml.!'1) was observed in the
depth range 300 - 500 m. It
was associated with higher pH,
higher alkalinity and lower
nutrient content. The deep
waters were characterised by
high oxygen, high pH and
relatively lower content of
nutrients. Water samples were
analysed for dissolved trace
metals. The metal maxima
were associated with a maxima
in nutrients and a decrease in
pH and dissolved oxygen
content, thereby indicating that
like nutrients, trace metals
were also released in the water
column during the process of
oxidation of organic matter
from the surface water column.
Zooplankton samples were
collected from 11 stations along
five transects including the four
stations from the test site. The
zooplankton biomass showed
considerable variations from
station to station and along the
depth.
Traces of benthic activity in Pioneer area.
Numerical abundance of the
fauna of the region showed
that the test site supports a rich
and varied assemblage of
organisms.
High resolution seismic profile (3.5 kHz) of upper continental slope
(between Goa - Mangalore). Gpl - gas plumes, BPM and PM - buried
and unburiedpock marks, F - fault, TWTT - two way travel time in
milli seconds (assumed sound velocity 1500 m/s).
Generally low biomass values
were found to coincide with low
numerical density and vice
versa. Mostly the zooplankton
concentrated above the subsurface salinity maxima where
the oxygen concentration
ranged from 3.7 to 5.52 ml I-1.
The WP net collection from
deeper layers also showed a
reduction in the volume of
biomass as well as diversity of
groups from 200-500 m
exhibiting a general trend of
dilution of organisms from the
upper layers to lower layers. In
general, the euphotic zone of
the CIB is found to supports
fairly rich and diverse fauna.
Sub-surface methane in-the
eastern Arabian Sea
High-resolution shallow seismic
reflection data obtained from
the continental shelf sediments
off western India from 10°N to
22°N reveal the anomalous
seismic signatures in the form
of acoustic maskings of
methane-rich horizons. A
conservative estimate of the
potential subsurface methane
in these gas-charged
sediments is of the order of 2.6
Tg, and its contribution to the
atmosphere with an annual flux
of 0.039 Tg CH4 appears to be
quite significant. High seepage
of methane from the seabed of
the continental shelves should
hence be considered for while
estimating global oceanic flux
of methane. (Karisiddaiah and
Veerayya, 1996. J. Geophys.
Res., 101:25887-25895).
Evidence of Recent
hydrothermal activity in the
Central Indian Basin
SEM(top) & photomicrograph of volcanic spherules from
Central lndian Basin.
The Central Indian Basin (CIB)
was considered to be inactive
in terms of volcanic eruptions
in the recent past. However,
work carried at NIO has
provided evidence of recent
volcano-hydrothermal activity
in the CIB. On detailed
investigation of 27 sediment
samples from CIB, two
samples occurring at the base
of an intraplate seamount were
found to have high concentration of volcanogenic hydrothermal material (vhm). The vhm
consist of ochrous metalliferous sediments, nontronite,
volcanic spherules and glass
shards. The metalliferous
sediments are akin to their
counterparts in the active
hydrothermal sites in the
Pacific Ocean in terms of
colour, chemistry and formation. The volcanic spherules
which are dominantly magnetite and resemble extraterrestrial spherules are products of
liquid immiscibility of a silicicbasic magma or of
hydrovolcanic activity. Based
on the age of the associated
radiolaria with the vhm, an age
of ~10 ka is suggested for an
episode of volcanic-hydrothermal activity in the CIB. The
present finding might have
relevance for the type and
eruptive mechanism of
seamounts and the addition of
elements to sea water and
manganese nodules and crusts
in the CIB. (Iyer et al.,1996.
Deep-Sea Res., in press).
Bilateral Programmes
• Indo-US • Indo-German • Indo-EC-Dutch
Indo-US
Application of biochemical & molecular
techniques to characterise ocean trophic
dynamics
Nitrogen sources from mangrove
detritus
Studies on carbon and nitrogen contents
of leaves, roots and pneumatophores of
Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata,
Avicennia marina and A. officinalis and of
the litter fractions of major species of
mangroves (A. marina, A. officinalis and
Sonneratia alba) are being carried out.
Remineralization studies of leaf litter of 4
mangrove species (R. mucronata, R.
apiculata, Sonneratia alba and A.
officinalis) are in progress. Experiments
on uptake and assimilation by
phytoplankton of nitrogenous nutrients of
the water column and sediment, are being
carried out at monthly intervals in a
mangrove ecosystem.
Ammonium was found to be the most
preferred nutrient by phytoplankton with a
specific uptake rate of 0.201/h, an
absolute uptake rate of 2966 ng-at/l/h and
a high assimilation index of 571.2 ng-at
N(mg chl)-h-1. Nitrate uptake ranked next
in importance (specific uptake = 0.01/h),
followed by nitrite uptake (0.0004/h) which
was insignificant.
As with the water column, ammonium
uptake was the highest among the four
nutrients, with a specific uptake rate of
0.02/h, an absolute uptake rate of 386.67
ng-at g-1 h-1 and an assimilation index of
16.12 ng-at N (mg chl)-1 h-1. Specific
nitrate uptake was very low (0.0004/h).
Role of exopolysaccharides in particle
sedimentation
Dissolved carbohydrates in the Bay of
Bengal and the Arabian Sea showed
little variation of monosaccharide
30
concentrations with depth.
Polysaccharides were the most abundant
form of dissolved carbohydrates.
Carbohydrate concentrations showed
significant positive correlations with
chlorophyll a (in the upper 150 m), nitrate
and phosphate concentrations and a
significant negative correlation with
dissolved oxygen concentrations. Higher
abundance of carbohydrates was found
associated with the dissolved oxygen
minimum layer.
Macroaggregates from various sources of
organic carbon serve as a food source for
particle feeders and benthic organisms.
The chemical composition of
macroaggregates showed that mangrove
leaves are richer in carbon than nitrogen.
Whereas, those obtained macro algae
were fairly enriched in nitrogen. As such,
macroaggregates derived from macro
algae may be a preferred source of food
for benthic and other organisms due to
enrichment of nitrogenous organic matter.
Macroaggregates of algae did not show
any particular trend and varied from
species to species. Older aggregates of all
the species showed a increase in nitrogen
and a decrease in carbon content. Such
differences in carbon and nitrogen content
can play an important role in determining
the food values of the macroaggregates.
Studies on microfilm formation in relation
to physico-chemical, biological and
biochemical parameters
help in gliding and crawling over the
surface. The diversity of diatom population indicates that the recruitment of
diatom cells is not fully controlled by its
diversity in the water column.
Influence of exopolymers on cyprid
metamorphosis of Balanus amphitrite
Exopolymers secreted by bacteria can
also play a major role in the recruitment of
larvae of fouling organisms, probably by
providing inducing/inhibitory chemical
cues. The extract of adult Balanus
amphitrite and the exopolymers of the
bacteria colonizing B. amphitrite in nature
on the cyprid metamorphosis of B.
amphitrite was tested. The results obtained indicate that the addition of
exopolymers as well as adult extract
promoted settlement of cyprids.
Physiology of Wood Borers
Wooden panels of Mangifera indica were
exposed for different periods. We found
Martesia striata and Nausitora hedleyi to
be the dominant forms of wood borers.
The effect of temperature and salinity on
embryonic and larval development of
Martesia striata was evaluated. The
maximum metamorphic success was
observed at 30‰. The thriving duration of
the different instars was influenced by both
temperature and salinity.
Indo-German
Variability in microfilm formation
Fiberglass and cupro nickel panels were
suspended in the water column in coastal
station (Dona Paula Bay). The results
indicate the dominance of centrales over
pennates whereas in the fouling film the
reverse was evident. This difference could
probably be due to the capability of
pennates to foul more readily than
centrales as they possess raphe which
Particle flux studies
Two sediment trap mooring samples in the
central and northern Bay of Bengal were
analyzed for planktic foraminiferal abundance. This study has revealed that there
are 26 species of planktic foraminifera
present of which eight accounted for over
90% of the total foraminiferal flux. In the
total, particulate flux of <1 mm size was
the largest component and generally
increased with water depth. The total
participate and planktic flux display similar
bimodal distribution patterns related to the
monsoon. The highest fluxes were
recorded during the SW monsoon. The
fluxes during the northeast monsoon are
elevated but not to the level seen during
the SW monsoon, with G. bulloides
dominating the foraminiferal flux. The
overwhelming proportion of G. bulloides in
the foraminiferal assemblage is suggestive
of upwelling activity in the western Bay of
Bengal region during the SW monsoon.
The reduced productivity of foraminiferal
species in the northern Bay of Bengal is
related to the injection of fresh water
resulting due to the precipitation associated with SW monsoon. Neogloboquadrina
dutertrei, Globigerinella rubescens
exhibited elevated fluxes in the lower
salinity region. Foraminiferal productivity in
the Bay of Bengal is one order of magnitude lower than in the Arabian Sea. The
temporal distribution patterns of G.
bulloides and its significance in different
oceanic regimes in the Northern Indian
Ocean has been investigated. G. bulloides
exhibited a bi-modal distribution pattern
related to the summer and winter
monsoons. Its fluxes increase from east to
west in the Arabian Sea and from north to
south in the Bay of Bengal.
us to recognize the well known upwelling
system along the coasts of Somalia and
Oman as well as open ocean upwelling at
the beginning of SW monsoon. The coastal
and open ocean upwelling are most
effective in transferring biogenic matter to
the deep sea during SW monsoons of
moderate strength.
Particle flux data obtained by time series
sediment traps deployed over the years in
the Arabian Sea were compared with the
wind speeds computed from satellite data.
We have inferred that there is a strong
relationship existing between physical and
biological processes related to the SW
monsoon in the Arabian Sea. This enabled
Contaminants in the marine environment:
their fate in the abiotic and biotic
compartments with emphasis on the
biological response of organisms
Indo-EC-Dutch
The analyses of the data on selected
pesticides polychlorinated biphenyls and
genotoxic effects of such chemicals
continued.
31
VIII Plan
Highlights
O Funding
O Projects
O Cruises
RV Gaveshani
ORV Sagar Kanya
32
3 Publications
3 Awards
• Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize
• National Mineral Award
• Krishnan Gold Medal
•Young Scientist Award
1 •First World Ship Trust Award
•Gupta Foundation Award
2 • The Great Son of the Soil Award
3 • Asiatic Society Medal
4 • MASS Young Scientist Award
5 • Zahoor Qasim Gold Medal
O Training/
Workshops held
O Educational
upgradation
O Deputations
(Ph.D / M.Sc).
O Infrastructural
enhancement
33
Data, Information &
Scientific Services
• Data and Information • Library • Training
• Publication and Public Relations
Data and Information
Data for more than 10,000
stations in the Indian Ocean on
physical, chemical, biological
and geological parameters have
been added. The creation of a
data base for sea truth, drifting
buoys and COMAPS programmes have been initiated.
The summary of the data
acquired, processed and
disseminated during the year is
given below:
Data acquisition
Surface
- 2623
meteorology
CTD
- 159
XBT
62
Primary
27
production
and chlorophyll a
Zooplankton
9
biomass
Wave data rolls 14
Sponsored
28
project
data reports
Drifting buoys
8
(37 files)
(surface meteorological data)
Surface temp.
10
and tidal observation
at Marmagao harbour
(fixed location)
stns.
stns.
stns.
stns.
stns.
(ship drift) and winds for 93 years
(1900-1993) was acquired from
Japan Oceanographic Data
Centre (JODC).
• Version 3.2 of Global
Geophysical Data Sets
(GEODAS) was acquired from
National Geological/
Geophysical Data Centre,
Boulder, USA.
Global Sea Level Observing
System (GLOSS) stations
handbook data set was also
received from National
Oceanographic Data Centre,
U.K.
Data processing
• JGOFS (India) data of six
scientific cruises of ORV Sagar
Kanya were processed. These
cruises were carried out in the
eastern Arabian Sea (four
during SW monsoon and two
during pre-monsoon). The
parameters include primary
productivity, phyto-zooplankton
abundance, the settling fluxes
of particulate matter, air-sea
exchange fluxes of CO2, CH4
and N2O and their distribution.
A report on JGOFS (India) data
management was also
submitted to the International
JGOFS data management
group.
Data dissemination
Major data requests came from
the Universities of Andhra, Goa,
Karnataka, Kochi, IITs (Chennai
and Mumbai); IISc, Bangalore;
SAC, Ahmedabad; DNOM, New
Delhi; DOD, New Delhi; ONGC,
Mumbai.
nos.
nos.
Library
sets
NICMAS Centre
sets
Data acquired on CD-ROM
• Global data on surface currents
The Library was recognised as
the National Information Centre
for Marine Sciences (NICMAS)
by the National Information
System for Science and Technology (NISSAT), Department of
Scientific and Industrial Re-
search (DSIR), Government of
India. The mandate of this
centre is to provide information
services to all users and create
a bibliographic Indian Ocean
database. So far around 10,000
references with abstracts have
been added.
Databases on the catalogue of
Library holdings (OCEANLINE)
and contributions by NIO
scientists (NIOPUB) are available on the NIO Website.
the total collection to 23580.
Technical reports acquired
during the period are 239 (total
7095).
The library continued the ASFA
CD-ROM and Current Contents
search service on diskettes
(CCOD). It provided, 870
references on aquatic sciences
to the ASFA database.
Holdings
During the year, the Library
added 1082 books (including
bound volumes) thus enhancing
Training
Outside organisations
Institutional staff
Mr. B.C. Jhoomuck, University of
Mauritius received training on
Taxonomy of Marine
Phytoplankton with special
emphasis on Harmful Species
from 4 August to 22 September.
Dr. D. Chandramohan and Shri
M.R. Nayak attended a course
on Management of R&D from 510 August at Administrative Staff
College of India, Hyderabad.
Mr. S. Mandary, Meteorological
Services, Mauritius received
training on operation and
maintenance of S4 current
meters and wave measuring
equipment from 1 August to 30
September.
A familiarisation course was
conducted for four Naval officers
on METOC Instrumentation
during 25-26 March.
Five Naval Officers were trained
in Physical Oceanography from
10-14 June.
S/Shri P.K. Shaji, P. Rama Rao
and Jaydeep Pattanaik Remote Sensing and its Applications to Oceanography, Marine
Science & Fisheries from 22 July
to 17 August, at Orissa Remote
Sensing Application Centre,
Bhubaneshwar.
Ms. Linda Veliath, S.M. Gorette
Fernandes, Fatima Martins and
Felcy Alphonso - Improving
Secretarial Performance,
Efficiency and Effectiveness
from 18-20 September, 1996 at
Institute of Technology Management Systems, New Delhi.
S/Shri Antonio Mascarenhas and
Arif Sardar - Training on UPS
System from 16-21 December, 1996
at Tata Libert Limited, Mumbai.
Dr. P.S. Rao and Shri K. Aravind
Ghosh - How to secure certification
for ISO-9000 and its interface with
TQM from 22-27 January, 1997 at
NISIET, Hyderabad.
Shri K. Aravind Ghosh - ISO 9000
Lead Assessor Course from 18-22
March, 1997 at Hotel Mandovi,
Panaji.
A computer Orientation Course for
50 administrative staff was organised in two batches (15-30 May and
31 May -15 June) by Online
Productivity Solutions Pvt. Ltd.
Margao at NIO Headquarters. The
course covered : DOS, Use of LAN,
WINDOWS, MS WORD, FOXPRO
and MS MAIL.
Publications and Public Relations
The Institute continued to bring
out various publications, including
the Annual Report, NIO Bulletin,
Technical Reports, Cruise Reports
and Sponsored project reports.
Visitors, particularly students were
encouraged to interact directly
with scientists. To bring in an
awareness, the Institute participated in a one month long
exhibition "Goa Vision 2001" in the
city of Panjim.
"Goa Vision 2001"
Scientific Cruises
Highlights
During the year 14 cruises were undertaken, eleven on board ORV
Sagar Kanya and the remaining on the chartered Russian vessel
A.A. Sidorenko. Five cruises were for collection of geological and
geophysical data and for environmental impact assessment studies in the application area (Central Indian Ocean Basin) under the
project "Surveys for polymetallic nodules". Two cruises were exclusively for "JGOFS - India Programme" and one for validation of
data on ocean colour collected on board the Indian Remote Sensing Satellite IRS P3. We also undertook one cruise in the Bay of
Bengal to document the seasonal and annual variability of
thermohaline properties and circulation features for World Ocean
Circulation Experiment (WOCE) programme.
ORV Sagar Kanya (owned by the DOD, New Delhi)
Overall length: 100.34 m, Breadth: 16.4 m,
Capacity: 32 Scientists, Endurance: 45 days.
We continued regular pollution monitoring along Ratnagiri-Goa
under Coastal Ocean Monitoring & Prediction System (COMAPS)
programme on board CRV Sagar Paschimi.
The snapshot observations and preliminary results of these
cruises are:
• Surface waters of Andaman Sea saturated with atmospheric CO2 indicating that the whole region acts as a
source of CO2 with a net flux to the atmosphere.
• Central and symmetrical magnetic anomalies over the
Carlsberg Ridge segment, the former one conspicuous
with 500 nT amplitude. Both these anomalies reveal the
age of the crust to be between 0 and 4.77 my.
• The sediment temperature beyond 27°C in the axial valley in the Carlsberg Ridge region suggest the possibility
of hydrothermal source nearby.
• "A Front like structure" at 18°N in the northern periphery
of the northern anticyclonic gyre in the central and northern Bay of Bengal.
• A striking similarity in distribution of temperature, salinity
and light transmission in the upper 200 m water column
along 18°N.
36
Cruise tracks of ORV Sagar Kanya (112 -121) & AA Sidorenko (1B-2B)
Cruise
No.
Period
Chief Scientist
(Port - from/to)
Area
Objectives
from
Participants
other
Organisations
Internal participation
ORV Sagar Kanya
Cr. 112
23 Apr. to 18 May 96
KSR Murthy
(Mormugao - Paradip)
Eastern Continental
Margin of India
(ECMI)
To collect gravity data and core samples in basinal and non-basinal
areas.
16
Cr. 113
23 May to 21 Jun. 96
VV Sarma
(Paradip - Paradip)
Bay of Bengal
To study: (i) the surface heat fluxes, circulation and volume transport with respect to warm pool and (ii) the composition of particulate
matter and zooplankton diversity in the scheduled transects.
14
Cr. 114
26 Jun. to 23 Jul. 96
AB Valsangkar
(Paradip - Mormugao)
Carlsberg Ridge in
the Arabian Sea
(i) Multibeam Swath Bathymetric mapping of a segment of the
Carisberg Ridge (CR) for morphotectonic features and evolution
studies of the ridge segment by integrating gravity, magnetic and
Swath bathymetric data, (ii) collection of rock and sediment samples from the selected portions of the ridge axis and valleys to
understand their formation and (iii) to study airborne particles
through aerosols.
8
Cr. 115
2 to 22 Aug. 96
M Dileep Kumar
(Mormugao - Mormugao)
Arabian Sea
To study the physical and bio-geochemical processes (under
JGOFS programme) along 64°E between 13° and 21°N during
southwest monsoon.
7
Cr. 116
26 Aug. to 17 Sep. 96
YVB Sarma
(Mormugao - Mormugao)
Eastern Indian
Ocean(EIO)
To document the seasonal and annual variability of thermohaline
properties and circulation features in EIO.
10
Cr. 117
21 Sep. to 10 Oct. 96
Rajiv Nigam
(Mormugao - Mormugao)
Eastern Arabian Sea
To assess high resolution paiaeoclimate utilising sedimentological,
geochemical and palaeontological data from the eastern Arabian
Sea under the Past Global Changes (PAGES) collaborative
research programme.
6
Cr. 118
15 Oct. to 11 Nov. 96
PV Narvekar
(Mormugao-Paradip)
EEZ of Andaman
and Nicobar Islands
Time series mapping of biological and chemical characteristics &
sedimentological and geochemical studies.
12
Cr. 119
15 Nov. to 7 Dec. 96
AS Subrahmanyam
(Paradip - Mormugao)
Eastern Continental
Margin of India
(ECMI)
To collect gravity, magnetic, bathymetric and hydrosweep data of
ECMI.
15
Cr. 119A
12 to19 Dec. 96
PV Sathe
(Mormugao - Mormugao)
Between Goa and
Kanyakumari
To validate the ocean colour sensor MOS onboard the Indian
Remote Sensing Satellite IRS P3.
10
Cr. 120
27 Dec. 96 to 31 Jan. 97
V Ramesh Babu
(Mormugao - Mormugao)
Central Indian Basin
(CIB)
To collect data on physico-chemical and biological parameters
of water column for EIA studies in the Indian Nodule Application
Area
13
Cr. 121
5 to 26 Feb. 97
S Raghukumar
(Mormugao - Mumbai)
Northern Arabian
Sea
To collect physico-chemical and biological data in the northern
Arabian Sea under JGOFS programme to understand winter cooling phenomenon.
9
37
Cruise
No.
Period
Chief Scientist
(Port
Area
-
Objectives
from/
to)
Participants
from other
Organisations
M.V. A.A. Sidorenko
(i) To select suitable reference and test sites for carrying out
disturbance & EIA studies and (ii) to understand the baseline
benthic and geological environment in the Indian Nodule
Application area.
1 -B (EIA) 20 Apr. to 24 May 96
B Nagender Nath
(Mormugao - Mormugao)
Central Indian Basin
2A 3 Sep. to 1 Oct. 96
R Sharma
(Mormugao - Mormugao)
Central Indian Basin
To collect benthic baseline data from the newly selected Area
(A1), under the EIA studies for nodule mining.
2B 25 Oct. to 22 Nov. 96
VSN Murty
(Mormugao - Mormugao)
Central Indian Basin
To deploy current meter & sediment trap moorings, and drifting
buoys for environmental data collection and dredging of
manganese nodules.
West coast of India
(Ratnagiri-Goa)
To assess the water and sediment quality of the coastal waters
of the central west coast under the "Coastal Ocean Monitoring
and Prediction System (COMAPS)" programme.
CRV Sagar Paschimi
1
18-23 Nov. 96
XN Verlencar
(Panaji - Panaji Port)
1
Participation of other organisations
ORV Sagar Kanya
Cr. 112 C.V. Raman, V.V. Syam Sundar, P.S. Rao, P.V.V. Satyanarayana,
M.J. Prakash and P.J. Thomas (Andhra University), M. Chandra,
Mohd. Rafi M., R. Narayanan, A.R. Ramesh Kumar and C.S.
Sajith (Cochin University of Science & Technology), V.S. Raja
Raman, K. Balakrishnan and C.A. Lobo (M/s NORINCO, Goa),
K. Shepherd and M.S. Gandhi (Tamil University)
Cr. 113 I. Nageswara Rao, R. Ratna Kumari, Ch. Satyanarayana and
G. Krupanidhi (Andhra University), G.R. Mangalorekar (CMC,
Ltd. Mumbai), B.M. Nayal, K.C. Kori, G.S. Murti, D.K. Borthakur
and A.Y. Satam (India Meteorological Department), S.
Chandrasekharan, C.V. Rama Rao (Indian Navy), C.
Rajagopalan and M. Mohandas (M/s NORINCO, Goa)
Cr. 114 A.N. Rajan, J. Anthony K.C, K.M. Sethunathan, P.V. Vinod and
P. Sanu (Cochin University of Science & Technology), T.P.
Benny, S. Kurian and S. Davis (M/s NORINCO, Goa)
Cr. 115 Mohan Das, J.P. Joseph and Brian Telles (M/s NORINCO, Goa),
R. Rengarajan, T.K. Sunil Kumar, S. Venkataramani and Iqbal
Ahmed (Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad)
Cr. 116 D. Sarkar, S. Benerjee, V.A. Choudhary, N.P. Mrutyunjaya and
R.P. Sharma (India Meteorological Department), Lt. P.C. Dash
and A.K. Jaiswal (Indian Navy), Biju V. Nair, K. Balakrishnan
and K.M. Jayakrishnan (M/s NORINCO, Goa)
Cr. 117 C. V. Kamble (Agharkar Res. Institute, Pune), Abu Backer
(Mangalore University), Rajaraman, V. Biju Nair, Shellak Davis
and Brian Telles (M/s NORINCO, Goa)
Cr. 118 I. Nageshwara Rao, Y. Sarojini and G. Krupanidhi (Andhra University), I.K. Pai and Sameer Terdalkar (Goa University), A.V.
38
Saxena and P.S. Rawat (Indian Navy), K.R. Jagadeesan (Mangalore
University), K. Balakrishna, Brian Tellis, P. Boopathi and Abdul Nazar
(M/s NORINCO, Goa)
Cr. 119 S. Jagannatha Rao, P.V.V. Satyanarayana and P. Satyababu (Andhra
University), P.S. Bindu, R. Rajani, A. Sivasaravanan, P. Harikumar and
Suja Alex (Cochin University of Science & Technology), M.P. Jonathan
(Madras University), J.P. Joseph, Shellak Davis, Jayakrishnan and P.
Bhoopathy (M/s NORINCO, Goa), N. Ahgusamy and R. Karikalan (Tamil
University)
Cr.119A S.K. Shyama, C. Rivonkar, Leena Margulhao, Gouri Mahambre, Rani
Rajamanickam, Melinda Fernandes, Shelha Almeida and Nafisha
Almeida (Goa University), H.U. Solanki and Mini Raman (Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad)
Cr. 120 Devdutta S. Niyogi (Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi), V.
Gopalakrishnan (Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune), L.K.
Jain and K. Lal ( Indian Navy, Kochi), K.S. Zalpuri, P.K. Gupta, U.C.
Kulsheshtra and T.K. Mandal (National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi),
Biju V. Nair, Brian Telles and P. Premachandran (M/s NORINCO, Goa),
S. Ramachandran and J.T. Vinchi (Physical Research Laboratory,
Ahmedabad)
Cr. 121 K. Balakrishnan, P. Bhoopathy, Shellak Davis and K.M. Jayakrishnan
(M/s NORINCO, Goa), M.M. Sarin, R. Rengarajan, P.K. Patra, M.H.
Dixit, T.K. Sunil (Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad)
CRV Sagar Paschimi
Cr. 1
A. Padmanabhan (National Institute of Ocean Technology, Chennai)
Appendix - II
Workshops
Meetings..
Seminars
Workshops
• As a part of the project - "Study of Goa and its environment from
space", a one-day users workshop was held on April 12. The
workshop was jointly organised with Department of Science,
Technology and Environment, Govt. of Goa and Space Applications
Centre (ISRO), Ahmedabad, to apprise user agencies and potential
beneficiaries in Goa about the ongoing work under the project and
to get feedback to effect changes in the project.
• Independent World Commission on the Oceans held a "Hearing
on Ocean Affairs" on 6 August, at the Institute. NIO played an active
role in organising the programme. Discussions were focussed on
four important themes. • Impact of globalisation on coastal zone,
• Impact of mega cities on coastal zone • Research and
development of coastal zone • Human resource development.
• Under the auspices of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic
Commission (IOC), UNESCO, Paris and the Department of Ocean
Development, New Delhi, a workshop on - "Global Ocean
Observing System" (GOOS) was organised during 18-19
November. Delegates from Australia, Bangladesh, France,
Germany, India, Indonesia, Iran, Kenya, The Netherlands, Qatar,
Republic of Maldives & Sri Lanka participated. The status of the
capabilities in each country was presented and future plan of action
for capacity building on GOOS in developing countries was
proposed.
The coastal zone, climate, health of the oceans and marine living
resources were identified as priority modules under GOOS.
• In continuation of the GOOS workshop, the second session of the
IOC Regional Committee for the Central Indian Ocean (IOCINDIOII) was also organised from 20-22 November. The delegates of the
GOOS workshop participated.
Dr. B.N. Krishnamurty, Director, DOD, delivering introductory remarks
Seated from left are Dr. Jan Stehl, Dr. E. Desa and Mr. W. Erb.
The objective of the IOCINDIO-II Session was to promote
and coordinate the implementation of realistic cooperative
ocean research programmes, systematic observations and
capacity building among the member states in the region.
The following programmes were accorded top priority:
• Sealevel - development of instrumentation: tide gauges,
meteorological sensors & modems.
• Storm surge - development of real-time storm
surge prediction system for IOCINDIO countries.
• Climate module - Regional workshop to be organised on
ocean climate.
• Health of tropical ocean - to develop expertise through
workshops, training and exchange visits.
• Marine living resources - to conduct a training course in
marine taxonomy and DNA fingerprinting.
• Coral reefs - to establish monitoring stations
in the IOCINDIO region.
• One time expedition of the Indian Ocean - to complete
survey through a triangular cruise across the flanks of the
Indian Ocean.
Dr. S.Z. Qasim, former Member, Planning Commission delivering presidential
address. Seen on his left are Dr. E. Desa, Director, NIO, Dr. G. Kullenberg,
Executive Secretary, IOC, Dr. A.E. Muthunayagam, Secretary, DOD &
Dr. B.N. Krishnamurthy, Director, DOD.
• A National Workshop on "Nutrient analysis in seawater" was
conducted during 18-23 November, at the Regional Centre
of NIO, Waltair. All the COMAPS (Coastal Ocean Monitoring
and Prediction System) units participated and calibration
exercises for phosphate, nitrate and silicate were worked out.
39
• A workshop on "Assessment
of marine and coastal
biodiversity" sponsored by
the Ministry of Environment
and Forests, Govt. of India
was held on 5 - 6 Dec. The
workshop aimed at bringing
together scientists, academics and researchers to
a common forum to discuss
and identify gaps existing in
our knowledge, to assess
biological diversity of the
oceans and adapt strategies
for its conservation, management and sustainable
utilization. Experts from the
coastal states within the
country besides NIO
participated.
Dr. E. Desa emphasizing the need for conservation of biodiversity. Seated on dais are Ms. A.K. Ahuja, Jt. Secretary,
Ministry of Environment & Forests and Dr. G.C. Shrivastava, Chief Secretary, Govt. of Goa.
Symposium
Seminars
• A National Seminar on "Recent
advances
in
biological
oceanography" funded by CSIR,
DST, NIO and DOD was held
during May 29-31. The seminar
had 8 technical and 2 poster
sessions. A total of 138 scientific
papers under oral and poster
sessions were presented. The
themes
were
• Biological
productivity
assessment,
• Microbial processes and
activities, • Ecologically sensitive
ecosystems - their resources and
conservation & biomedical
potentials, • Environmental impact
assessment - biological perspectives, • Biodiversity and fishery
resources - their exploitation and
conservation • Aquaculture in the
sea - potentials and challenges.
Shri Ramakant D. Khalap, Union Minister of State for Law, Legal Affairs & Justice,
delivering inaugural address. Seen on his left are Shri R.R. Nair, Dr. E. Desa, Dr. Wilfred
D'Souza (Dy Chief Minister, Govt. of Goa) and Dr. Ch.M. Rao. Inset: Dr. D'Souza
felicitating Shri Nair.
• An international symposium on "Geology and Geophysics of the Indian
Ocean" to commemorate the completion of three decades of
oceanographic research in India was held from 21-25 October. The
objectives of the symposium were to bring the results of various studies
to a common platform, to promote exchange of ideas, to find out the
gaps in existing knowledge and to develop collaborative programmes
40
Meetings
for a better understanding of the Indian Ocean.
The main sponsors of the symposium were the
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research,
Department of Ocean Development, Office of
Naval Research, USA, Department of Science
and Technology, Oil and Natural Gas
Corporation Ltd., Gas Authority of India Ltd. and
International Lithosphere Programme.
One hundred and eighty members participated
in the symposium (USA-15, Japan-4, UK-2,
Russia-2 and one each from Canada, Norway,
Denmark, The Netherlands and Sweden,
the remaining participants from India). Six keynote addresses and 6 invited talks were
delivered besides 59 oral presentations
and 41 posters. The technical sessions
covered • Structure and Tectonics • Particle Flux
and Sedimentary Processes • Sea-level
Changes and Paleoceanography • Non-living
Resources and Technology • Policy &
Economics.
During the symposium, Mr. R.R. Nair, Deputy
Director and a well recognised geological
oceanographer known for several important
contributions to the understanding of
sedimentological processes on the Western
Continental Shelf, particle fluxes in the Arabian
Sea and the Bay of Bengal and the national
programme on polymetallic nodule exploration,
was felicitated.
• A joint meeting of TOGA-TAO Implementation
Panel and CLIVAR - Monsoon Panel was held
during 18-22 November. Thirty Scientists
including 27 from abroad participated. The
meeting was • to review the present status of
TAO array • to address technical and logistic
issues related to its maintenance • to provide a
forum for discussion of possible expansion of
the array to other tropical oceans • to promote
scientific utilization of TAO data.
• The Second Meeting of the Indo-Russian Subworking Group on Oceanology was held during
26-29 November. The progress of ongoing
projects was reviewed to finalise new work
plans. The four member Russian delegation
was led by Dr. Igov Shaboneev of the State
Committee of the Russian Federation for
Science and Technology,
Moscow.
Academician G.I. Marchuk, who was on visit
to India also participated in the working group
meeting. The Indian delegation was led by Dr.
E. Desa, Director, NIO.
Work plans were drawn for the following
projects: • Studies on air-sea interaction
processes and development of a coupled seaair model for the tropical Indian Ocean
• Variability of surface circulation on the Indian
Ocean using altimetry • Deep crustal study of
the Arabian Sea • Identification of the presence
of antiviral drug (MUHY) in the Indian green
mussel. An Aide-Memoire was also signed.
• An international planning meeting on INDOEX
(Indian Ocean Experiment) was held during
January 8-9. The main objective was to finalise
the design of an experimental programme for
the main pre-lndoex cruise to be organised
during February-March 98, in the Tropical
Indian Ocean. Nine US scientists and eleven
Indian scientists representing various
organisations in the country participated in the
above meeting. The US team was led by Prof.
V. Ramanathan, Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, San Diego. The meeting
deliberated extensively on the various surface
and upper air meteorological measurements to
be carried out during the cruise, data
requirements for the entire INDOEX, objectives
and the data management programme. At the
end of the meeting a tentative experiment
design document on INDOEX and the cruise
programme for ORV Sagar Kanya to be
organised during February-March 1998, was
finalised.
• A meeting of the working group on Indian
Climate Research Programme (ICRP) - Ocean
Programme component covering in-situ
observations, satellite and modelling aspects
was held during 26-27 March. Six members
including three from outside organisations
participated in the deliberations.
41
Appendix - III
Awards & Honours
Seven of our colleague were honoured with awards and fellowships. The country's
most coveted "Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize" (instituted by CSIR) comes to the
institute for the third time. Dr. Shyam M. Gupta received the Rajiv Gandhi Research
grant from Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research. Bangalore
for developing innovative ideas in Paleoclimate and Dr. Shridhar Iyer was awarded
the Raman Research Fellowship to work on "Volcanics of the Central Indian Ocean".
at the Michigan Technology University. Houghton, USA.
Shanti
Swarup
Bhatnagar Prize
•
Dr. S.VV.A. Naqvi was honoured with the
country's most prestigious scientific award, the
"Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize", for 1996 in
Earth. Atmosphere. Ocean and Planetary
Sciences. His research in biogeochemical
cycling has greatly improved the understanding
of the processes unique to the hypoxic
environments with implications on ocean
productivity, atmospheric composition and
climate. His results have provided new insights
into tne transformations within the coupled
carbon and nitrogen systems and important
constraints on the global budgets of these
elements including their fluxes across tne airsea interface.
Dr. Naqvi receiving the prize from the Prime Minister
Shn Deve Gowda.
National
Mineral
Award
•
Drs. Gupta and Chauhan receiving the award from Shri
Birendra Prasad Baishya, Union Minister of Steel and Mines.
42
Drs. Shyam Murty Gupta and OS. Chauhan
received the National Mineral Award of the
Ministry of Mines. Govt. of India for 1995 for
their contributions in Marine Geology. Dr.
Guptas contribution was in the field of
micropaleontology & paleoceanography while
Dr Chauhan's contribution was in
physiography, tectonics and sedimentary
processes.
• Dr. Kolluru Sree Krishna, was awarded the M.S. Krishnan
Gold Medal for 1996 for his significant contributions in
the field of marine geophysics. His studies on the intracontinental breakup of eastern Gondwanaland, the
lithospheric plate boundaries and motions and spreading
centers have addressed many unresolved problems.
Felicitation from Dr. H.K. Gupta, President IGU &
Director, NGRI.
• Dr. Baban Ingole was awarded the Zahoor
Qasim Gold Medal by the Society of
Biosciences for the year 1994-95 for his useful
contributions to water management in
aquaculture systems and environmental
assessment.
Ph.D
Title of the thesis
University
Guide
Analysis of the performance of a Pressure Transducer
for sea-level measurement.
Goa University, Goa.
Dr. J.A.E. Desa, Goa University.
Heavy mineral placers in the nearshore areas of South
Konkan, Maharashtra - Their nature of distribution,
origin and economic evaluation.
Tamil University, Thanjavur.
Prof. G. Victor Rajamanickam,
Tamil University, & Dr. B.G.
Wagle, NIO, Goa.
Iyer Sridhar
A study of the volcanics of the Central Indian Ocean
Basin and their relationship to ferromanganese
deposits.
Jadavpur University
Prof. A.D. Mukherjee, Jadavpur
University and Shri R.R. Nair,
NIO, Goa.
Sardessai Sugandhini
Humic substances in the marine environment of India.
Bombay University,
Mumbai.
Sawant S.S.
Studies on some aspects of antifouling in the marine
environment.
Goa University, Goa.
Tripati Sila
Study of the ports and maritime activities of Kalinga.
Berhampur University,
Orissa.
Anthony Joseph K.
Gujar Anup R.
Dr. R. Sen Gupta, NIO, Goa.
Dr. A.B. Wagh, NIO, Goa.
Dr. L.N. Raut, Berhampur
University.
Appendix - IV
Council Members &
Staff on Committees
Management Council
(August 1994-July 1997)
Dr. H.K. Gupta
Director
National Geophysical Research Institute
Uppal Road
Hyderabad - 500 007
Dr. S.Z. Qasim (Chairman)
Chairman, Board of Governors
Delhi Institute of Technology
Kashmiri Gate
Delhi-110 006
Prof. K.S. Valdiya
Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for
Advanced Scientific Research
Indian Institute of Science Campus
Bangalore-560 012
Dr. R.N. Singh
Director
Centre for Mathematical Modelling
and Computer Simulations
NAL, P.B. 1779
Bangalore-560 017
Dr. S.K. Singh
Head
Institute of Engg. & Ocean Tech.
Oil & Natural Gas Corporation
P.B. No. 123
Panvel-410 221
Shri S. Gopalan
Development Advisor
Ministry of Surface Transport
Parivahan Bhavan
Sansad Marg
New Delhi -110 001
Dr. P.K. Rudra
Chairman
Consultancy Development Centre
International Trade Tower
Nehru Place
New Delhi-110 019
Shri M.B. Goswami
Scientist
Planning Coordination Division
Council of Scientific & Industrial Research
Anusandhan Bhavan
Rafi Marg
New Delhi-110 001
Councils
Research Council
Prof. V.S. Raju
Director
Indian Institute of Technology
Hauz Khas Road
New Delhi-110 016
Dr. S.A.H. Abidi
Director
Central Institute of Fisheries Education
J.P. Road, Versova
Andheri (West)
Mumbai - 400 061
Dr. George John
Director
Department of Biotechnology
CGO Complex, Block 2, 7-8th Floor
Lodi Road
New Delhi-110 003
Dr. Dilip Biswas
Chairman
Central Pollution Control Board
Parivesh Bhavan
East Arjun Nagar
New Delhi-110 032
Dr. E. Desa
Director, NIO
Dona Paula
Goa - 403 004
Dr. M.D. Zingde (Secretary)
Scientist-in-charge
NIO Regional Centre
Sea Shell Building, Versova
Mumbai - 400 061
Dr. M. Dileep Kumar (Local Secy)
Scientist, NIO, Goa
(August 1994-July 1997)
Dr. E. Desa (Chairman)
Director, NIO
Dr. Vijaykumaran Nair
Scientist
Regional Research Laboratory
Industrial Estate P.O.
Thiruvananthapuram - 695 019
Shri L.V.G. Rao
Scientist F, NIO, Goa
Dr. Lata Raghukumar
Scientist, NIO, Goa
Dr. M. Dileep Kumar
Scientist, NIO, Goa
Dr. P. Chandramohan
Scientist, NIO, Goa
Shri C M . Dias
Sr. F&A O, NIO, Goa
Shri M.R. Rajan Pillai (Secretary)
COA, NIO, Goa
Staff on Committees
a) International Committees
• Dr. E. Desa
- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Ocean Chapter
- WG-II J-GOSS-Joint IOC/WHO Working
Committee, Group of Experts on "Operations
and Technical Applications"
- Oman-India Pipeline Project, Texas, USA
- Commonwealth Science Council Programme
on Cooperation in Oceanography
- Indian delegation member to Executive
Council & General Assembly of IOC
- Indo-Russian sub-working group on Science
& Technology Cooperation in Oceanology
- Editorial Board, Indian Journal Marine
Sciences
- Independent World Commission on the
Oceans - Science & Technology Panel
• Shri R.R. Nair
- Indian Ocean Planning Group (IOPG) of
JGOFS
- Editorial Board, Marine Geodesy (Taylor &
Francis), Washington
• Dr.A.B. Wagh
- Editorial Board, International Journal of
Biofouling (Harwood Academic Publishers),
UK
• Shri LV.G. Rao
- Chairman, International Buoy Programme of
WMO/IOC for Indian Ocean
• Dr. A.G. Untawale
- Executive Council, International Society for
Mangrove Ecosystem (ISME), Japan
- Editorial Committee, Aquatic Conservation:
Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems (John
Wiley), England
- Expert Committee for Identification of
Mangrove Germplasm Centres in Asia,
Pacific and Africa, ITTO
Intergovernmental Oceanographic
Commission (IOC) - Training, Education &
Mutual Assistance (TEMA) Committee.
• Dr. D. Chandramohan
- Editorial Board, Journal of Marine
Biotechnology (Springer Verlag), Netherlands
- National representative for Marine
Biotechnology
• Dr. D. Gopala Rao
- International Committee to study the oceancontinent boundary lithosphere (ILP)
- International Network of Scientists on Ocean
Drilling Programme
- Inter Ridge Programme, !CSU
• Shri J.S. Sarupria
- National Co-ordinator for International
Oceanographic Data/Information Exchange
Committee (IOC/UNESCO)
- International Joint Global Ocean Flux
Studies, Data Management Task Team
(DMTT)
• Dr. N.B. Bhosle
- Editorial Board, International Journal of
Biofouling (Harwood Academic Publishers),
UK.
• Dr. M. Madhupratap
- Advisory Board, Journal of Plankton Biology
and Ecology, Tokyo.
• Shri M.P. Tapaswi
- Group of Experts on Marine Information
Management of IOC
• Dr. S.W.A. Naqvi
- International Evaluation of JGOFS
- JGOFS/IGAC Task Team for Biogeochemical
Ocean Atmosphere Transfer
• Dr. R. Nigam
- Co-ordinating Scientist, IPAGES-II of Indian
Programme of IGBP
• Dr. S.R. Shetye
• Shri M.R. Nayak
- Editorial Board, The Global Atmosphere &
Ocean System, USA
- Indian Ocean Panel on Coastal Ocean
Advanced Science & Technology Studies
(COASTS), IOC
- Editorial Board, Journal of Coastal Research,
USA
- IOC Group of Experts on Global Ocean
Sealevel Observing System
- Instrumentation of Electronics & Electrical
Engineers (IEEE) Technical Committee on
Standards, USA
- IEEE Test Technology Cosultative Committee,
USA
- IEEE Computer Soc. Multiple-Valued Logic
Committee, USA
- Co-ordinator, lOC-UNEP-WMO-Pilot Project
on Sealevel Changes and Associated
Coastal Impacts in the Indian Ocean
- Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROV)
Committee of the Marine Technology Society,
USA
- World Ocean Circulation Experiment Surface Velocity Programme (WOCE-SVP)
Committee on Drifting Buoys, UK
• Dr. Sumitra Vijayaraghavan
- Nominated Member from India on
• Dr. Maria R. Menezes
- Member of a Population Genetics Working
Group of the "International Genetics Working
Group of SPACC (small pelagic fish and
climate change)"
• Dr. R. Mukhopadhyay
- SCOR Working Group 99 on Ridge
Research, ICSU
• Dr. S. Prasanna Kumar
- Implementation Panel, Tropical Ocean
Global Atmosphere -GOOS/GSCO/CLIVER
b) National Committees
• Director (Dr. E. Desa)
- Task Force for Examining CZM Plans for all
Coastal Stretches of the Country, Ministry of
Environment & Forests, Govt. of India
- Scientific Committee on Oceanographic
Research, SCOR - India
- Indian Climate Research Programme
- Naval Research Board, Defence Research &
Development Organisation, Directorate of
Naval Research Development, New Delhi
- Coastal Protection & Development Advisory
Board, Water Resources, Govt. of India
- National Science Museums
- Governing Council and Governing Body,
National Institute of Ocean Technology, DOD,
New Delhi
-
Data Buoys Committee for DOD
Ocean Information Services of DOD
Sea truth validation programme of DOD
Research Council of National Geophysical
Research Institute
- Advisory Committee on Environment, ONGC,
Dehradun
- Editorial Board, Indian Journal of Marine
Sciences
- State Committee on Science, Technology and
Environment, Thiruvananthapuram
- Goa Chapter of Science Museums
- Academic & Executive Councils of University
of Goa
- Hindi Implementation Committee, Goa
- Technical Advisory Council, Economic
Development Corporation, Govt. of Goa
- Governing Board, Water Resources, Govt. of
India
• Dr.A.B.Wagh
- Expert Group on Water Transport constituted
by the Science Advisory Council of Prime
Minister
• Shri L.V.G. Rao
- Programme Coordinator for WOCE
(Implementation of IOC programmes)
- Steering Committee on Remote Sensing for
Ocean Development (MARS1S)
- Member-Secretary, DOD Working Group on
Seatruth Collection
- NNRMS/DOD Working Group on Oceansat
Series Programme (OSP)
- DST-MONTCLIM Project Advisory and
Monitoring Committee (PAMC)
• Dr. V.N. Sankaranarayanan
- Board of Studies in School of Environmental
Studies, Cochin University of Science &
Technology
- Board of Studies, Mariculture School of
Marine Sciences, Cochin University of
Science & Technology
• Dr. A.G. Untawale
- Editorial Board, Conservation of Biodiversity
in India, Min. of Environment & Forests
- Editorial Board, Indian Journal of Marine
Sciences
45
• Shri M.R. Nayak
- Fellow, Instruments of Electronics &
Telecommunication Engineers.
- Fellow, Int'l. Inst. of Management Sciences,
Calcutta.
- Indian Physics Association.
• Dr. C.G. Naik
- Board of Studies in Chemistry, Goa University
• Dr. R. Nigam
- Executive Council Paleontological Society of
India
- Society of Electronics Engineers.
• Dr. S.R. Shetye
- Syllabus Committee, Govt. Polytechnic, Goa.
- Editorial Board of Current Science
- Editorial Board of Proceedings of Indian
Academy of Sciences (Earth & Planetary
Sciences)
• Dr. D. Chandramohan
- Expert Group on "Marine Environment and
Coastal Zone" for formulation of IXth V year
Plan Programmes of DOD
• Dr. D. Gopala Rao
- Board of Post-Graduate Studies in Marine
Geology and Geophysics, Cochin &
Mangalore Universities
- Expert Committee on Bay of Bengal Fan
Studies, DOD, New Delhi
• Dr. N.H. Hashimi
- Board of Studies for Post-Graduate Studies in
Marine Geology and Geology, Mangalore
University, Mangalagangotri
- Board of Studies in Geology, Shivaji
University, Kolhapur
- Governing Council of Indian Association of
Sedimentologists
• Shri J.S. Sarupria
- Steering Committee, Marine Satellite
Information System (MARSIS) of DOD.
- Steering Committee and Working Group on
National Oceanographic Information System
(NOIS) of DOD.
- Research Advisory Committee, Department of
Ocean Development, New Delhi
- Member-Secretary, National Committee for
IUGG, Indian National Science Academy,
New Delhi
• Dr. N. Bahulayan
- Working Group of DOD
- Board of Studies in Oceanography, Cochin
University of Science and Technology, Kochi
- National Committee for WRCP constituted by
the Indian National Science Academy, New
Delhi
- Member, Doctoral Evaluation Committee,
Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian
Institute of Technology, New Delhi
• Shri V. Ramesh Babu
- Member, Working Group of National Natural
Resources Management System (NNRMS)
- Standing Committee on Ocean Resources
(SC-O) on Retrieval of Ocean Parameters
from Microwave Satellite Data.
• Dr. C.T. Achuthankutty
• Dr. N.B. Bhosle
- Board of Studies in Microbiology, Goa
University
- Goa State Expert Committee for Prawn
Farms
- Executive Committee, Indian Society of
Crustacean Biology
- President, Association of Alumni of
Microbiologists of Goa University
- Board of Studies in Marine Biotechnology,
Goa University
46
• Dr. M. Madhupratap
- Associate Co-ordinator, National Committee
(JGOFS-INDIA)
• Dr. Z.A. Ansari
- Committee on Working Group on Satellite
Derived Potential Fishery Zone Forecast
- Subgroup II and III of Working Group on
Potential Fishing Forecast. PFZ Modelling
with Satellite and Seatruth Data
• Dr. S. Raghukumar
- President, Association of Micro-biologists of
India, Goa Chapter
- Council, Mycological Society of India
• Shri M.P. Tapaswi
- Co-ordinator for Committee on Bibliographic
and Referral Data Format Standardization for
Biodiversity Information Network of Ministry of
Environment and Forests, Government of
India
• Shri M.C. Pathak
- High Power Committee on Coastal Mapping,
Department of Science and Technology
- Committee on Development of Inland
Waterways, ASOCHEM, New Delhi
- Committee on Fixation of High Water Line,
Govt. of Goa
• Dr. V.K. Dhargalkar
- Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research
(SCAR)
- CSIR - Steering Committee on Antarctic
Research
• Dr. R. Mukhopadhyay
- Central Geological Programming Board,
Geological Survey of India
Appendix - V
Deputations
Country visited
Duration
Purpose
France
Apr. 23-25
The third meeting of J-GOOS.
Germany
Apr. 26-28
Meeting on Indo-German Bilateral Co-operation.
Apr 26 - May 4
Apr. 26 - Jun. 26
Indo-German collaborative programme at Hamburg University,
Hamburg.
May 14-17
WOCE (WCRP) Surface Velocity Programme (SVP) meeting in
Toulouse, France.
Jul.8-10
Meeting of TEMA Expert Group on Capacity Building in Marine
Sciences and Services.
The Netherlands
and France
Jul. 8-16
Meeting of the Oceanography Society's (TOS) and CEREGE,
University of Aix-Marseille III.
Thailand
Aug. 19-20
General Assembly on ISME and Symposium on Significance of
Mangrove Ecosystems for Coastal People.
Meetings
Dr. Ehrlich Desa
Shri R.R. Nair &
Dr. V. Ramaswamy
Germany
Shri M.R. Nayak
France
Dr. Sumitra Vijayaraghavan
Dr. S.W.A. Naqvi
France
Dr. A.G Untawale
Sep. 10-13
International Meeting on - In Situ Observations for the Global
Observing System Development of an Integrated Strategy &
Identification of Priorities for Implementation.
Paris
Sep. 29 - Oct. 6
Meeting of the Executive Council IOC, Paris.
Dr. R. Mukhopadhyay
UK
Sep. 16-20
Twenty third General Meeting of SCOR.
Drs. A.B. Wagh
A.C. Anil
USA
Sep. 21-28
Review Meeting of ONR (Office of Naval Research)
Programme on Research in the area of minimally adhesive
polymers and fouling release coating .
Shri L.V.G. Rao
La-Reunion
Sep. 23-25
Second preparatory meeting of International Buoy Programme
for Indian Ocean.
Dr. S.N. de Sousa
The Netherlands
Sep. 24 - Oct. 1
Certification for Auto Analyser.
Dr. Elgar Desa
Switzerland
Oct. 16-18
Meeting of GCOS, GOOS and GTOS.
Dr. M. Dileep Kumar
UK
Jan.11-15,'97
The Meeting of Surface Ocean-Lower Atmosphere Study
(SOLAS), London and University of Anglia, Norwich.
Shri J.S. Sarupria
UK
Jan. 25-28
Meeting of JGOFS Data Management Task Team Bidston,
Birkenhead, U.K.
Shri K. Santanam
Malaysia
May 13-21
Technology Transfer Workshop on the use of Radarsat
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). Conducted jointly by
Commonwealth Science Council, UK and Radarsat
International, Canada.
Shri K. Arvind Ghosh
Germany
May 19-24
Workshop on Biological & Chemical Data Management.
Dr. E. Desa
Switzerland
Workshops/Conferences
47
Country visited
Duration
Purpose
Shri M.P. Tapaswi
Italy
May 27 - Jun. 7
Conducting training programme on ASFA Input Methodology at
FAO.
Dr. M.R. Ramesh Kumar
& Shri A.V. Mandalia
Cairo
Jun. 22-27
Joint Workshop/Meeting on Oceanography and Fisheries
under Indo-Egypt S & T Agreement.
Dr. Anupam Sarkar
Singapore
Jun. 23-28
Conference on 'Water Quality International -1996'.
Dr. M.R. Ramesh Kumar
Italy
Jul. 15-26
Workshop on El-Nino, Southern Oscillation and Monsoon.
Shri T. Pankajakshan
Canada
Aug. 13-16
Pacific Ocean Remote Sensing Conference (PORSEC '96).
Dr. M. Veerayya
Belgium
Sep. 18-20
Master Workshop on Gas Hydrates.
Dr. Vishwas Chavan
Japan
Sep. 29 -Oct. 5
International CODATA Conference and General Asssembly.
Shri K.H. Vora
Australia
Nov. 1-10
Annual Conference of IGCP-367 on Late Quaternary Coastal
Records of Rapid Changes, Application to Present and Future
Condition.
Dr. S.P. Fondekar
Kuwait
Nov. 18-20
International Conference on Long Term Environmental Effects
of the Gulf War.
Dr. P.V. Narvekar
USA
Dec. 15-19
American Geophysical Union Conference.
Dr. S.R. Shetye
USA
Mar. 17-18,'97
Workshop on Geodetic Fixing of Tide Gauge Bench Marks at
the JPL, California Inst.of Tech., USA.
Mar. 19-21
V IOC meet on Global Sealevel Obseving System.
Training I Visiting Scientist
Ms. Vani B. Peshwe
Sweden
Apr. 10-May 15
Training programme on Coastal & Marine Pollution and
Prevention conducted by M/s SSPA Maritime Consultants,
Sweden.
Dr. A.L. Paropkari
Germany
Apr. 27 - Jun. 28
Paleoclimatic studies at the Institute of Baltic Sea Research,
University of Rostock, Germany.
Dr. P.S. Parameswaran
USA
May 1 - Oct. 31
Visiting scientist at Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken,
USA.
Dr. S.C. Goswami
USA
May 22 - Jul. 9
Familiarisation with techniques in Genetic variability in
zooplankton at University of Charleston & Rosential School of
Marine Science, Miami.
Dr. Usha Goswami
USA
May 22 - Aug. 31
Familiarisation with techniques in Genetic variability in
zooplankton at University of Charleston & Rosential School of
Marine Science, Miami.
Shri Amal Jayakumar
USA
May 27 - Nov. 27
Training on the Mechanisms of denitrification/nitrification using
molecular probes.
Dr. C.T. Achuthankutty
USA
Jul. 8 - Oct. 7
Familiarisation course in Biochemical and Molecular
Techniques at Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences.
Dr. S.N. Harkantra
USA
Jul. 15,'96Jan. 15, '97.
Familiarisation in Bioturbation techniques at Marine Science
Research Centre, State University of New York.
Dr. P.A. Loka Bharati
USA
Jul. 24 - Nov. 26
Familiarization with biochemical techniques applicable to
trophic dynamics studies at University of Delaware.
48
Country visited
Duration
Purpose
Dr. B. Nagendra Nath
Denmark
Aug. 1 -14
Visiting Scientist at Riso National Laboratory, Denmark.
Dr. N.B. Bhosle
USA
Nov. 25 May 19, '97
Familiarisation with technique for studies on exopolysaccharide
in particle sedimentation Under Indo-US project.
Dr. Z.A. Ansari
Dr. S.N. de Souza
Dr. R. Sharma
Russia
Feb. 15-22
DOD delegation for finalisation of distrubance programme
under PMN - EIA studies.
Bombay-Mauritius
Aug. 2-15
XBT (TOGA) cruise.
Sep. 15-30
XBT (TOGA) cruise.
Cruise participation
Shri K. Amarlingeswar Rao
Shri A. Suryachandra Rao
Bombay-Mauritius
Oct. 15-Nov. 4
XBT (TOGA) cruise.
S/shri M.S.S. Sarma and
V.B. Gawas
Bombay- Mauritius
Nov. 19 - Dec. 4
XBT (TOGA) cruise.
Shri V.V. Gopalakrishna
Bombay - Mauritius
Dec. 20 - Jan. 3, '97
XBT (TOGA) cruise.
S/Shri G. Parthiban and
Areef Sardar
Singapore - Cochin
Feb. 8-25
Cruise on board R.V. Sonne under Indo-German collabortion.
Dr. V.V. Gopalakrishna and
Shri A. Suryachandra Rao
Seychelles and
Mauritius
Feb. 27-Apr. 10
XBT (TOGA) cruise.
Appendix - VI
Visitors
•3 June
Prof. G.U. Shenxing, Counsellor, Science & Technology and
Mr. Cao Jianye, Second Secretary, Embassy of the People's
Republic of China.
•21 June
Mr. Alain Boismery, Cultural and Scientific Counsellor, French
Embassy.
•12 July
Gen. Sunit Rodrigues (Retd.). Delivered the Dr. Pannikkar
Memorial Lecture on "India ahead'.
•13 July
Dr. Ivan Robson, Consultant, British Deputy High
Commissioner, British Council Division, Calcutta. Information
on Integrated Coastal Zone Management.
• 26-27 September
An Italian delegation consisting of Prof. G. Cimino, Prof. G.
Dallaporta and Dr. Stefano Masi to explore Indo-ltalian
scientific collaboration.
• 4-7 October
Prof. H. Latsch and Prof. Sicker, German Scientists under
CSIR exchange programme on air-sea interaction and
monsoon studies using Satellite data.
• 28 October
Prof. Rodey Batiza, University of Hawai, USA. Delivered a
talk on Submersible study of hyaloclastites on seamounts :
implications for explosive volcanism in the deep sea.
Warm reception to Gen. Rodrigues by Dr. E. Desa,
Director, NIO
• 2 November
Dr. Premsai Singh, Minister of Fisheries and Dairy
Development, Govt. of Madhya Pradesh. Visited the
aquaculture laboratory and prawn hatchery facilities.
•12-14 November
A five member Chinese delegation - Profs. Zhao Minguiang,
Tong Daoyu, Chang Qiug, (Mrs.) Xu Jaiamin and Zhang, S.,
under the CSIR-NSFC China programme on S & T cooperation to explore the possibility of joint collaboration.
•13 November
Dr. Annie M.L. Michard, Director, CNRS, University of
Marseille, France. Delivered a talk on strontium and
neodymium systematics of the eastern Mediterranean
sapropels.
• 14 November
Dr. John M. Morrison, Associate Professor, Dept. of Marine,
Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State Univ.,
USA. Delivered talks on (i) Preliminary results from JGOFS
and WOCE work in the Indian Ocean and (ii) The role of
coupling between the oceans and atmosphere in global
climate change.
• 20 November
Drs. W.S. Kessler, PMEW, Seattle, USA, J.P. Me Creary, Nova
University, USA and S. Godfrey, CSIRO, Hobart, Australia,
to attend climate variability studies (CLIVAR) meeting.
Shri R.R. Nair apprising Dr. Srinivasan, Member, Planning Commission.
Seen on his left is Dr. A.E. Muthunayagam, Secretary, DOD.
50
• 23 November
Dr. M.R. Srinivasan, Member Planning Commission
• 27 November
Academician G.I. Marchuk, former Deputy Prime Minister of
USSR and President of USSR Academy of Sciences.
Delivered a talk on "Conjugate equations and analysis of
complex systems".
• 3 January '97
Dr. Masafumi Lima, Professor, Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki
University, Japan. Delivered a lecture on "Seaweed utilisation
as food".
• 8 January
Her Excellency Ms. Olga Chamero Trias, Cuban Ambassador.
Academician Marchuk in discussion with NIO
scientists.
• 29 November
Apprising to H.E. Ms. Trias.
Prof. Govind Swarup, FRS, Director, GMRT Project, Pune.
Delivered a talk on "Are we alone in our galaxy?"
• 13-18 January
• 3 December
Shri Prashant Naik, Information Scientist, Bioinformatics
Centre, University of Poona. Delivered lectures on (i) Internet
and publishing over net and (ii) Expert system for identification
of organisms.
Prof. Shin Kubota, Associate Professor, SETO Marine
Biological Laboratory, Koyoto University, Japan for
collaborative work.
• 5 December
Prof. Bess B. Ward of University of California, USA. Delivered a talk "Nitrification and denitrification: what we have
learned about their biogeochemistry from molecular biology?"
• 3 February
Shri Bali Rama Bhagat, Governor of Rajasthan.
•18 December
Dr. Jerome Dyment; CNRS and University of Brest, France.
Delivered lectures on: (i) A new plate tectonic evolution model
of the Arabian and Eastern Somali Basin and (ii) Deccan Reunion hotspot history revisited.
• 24-25 December
Prof. Y.K. Alagh, Union Minister for Planning, Programme
Implementation and Science & Technology and VicePresident of CSIR.
Hon'ble Governor Shri Bhagat enquiring about the Dwarka
antiquities.
Interaction with Prof. Alagh.
51
• 3-8 February
An American team comprising Drs. Bernard J. Zahuranec,
ONR, Jim Coyer, Monterey Bay and Mr. S.K. Dutt, Consultant,
New Delhi in connection with the Indo-US project on Trophic
Dynamics.
•11-12 February
The CNRS (France) delegation consisting of Dr. Daniel Cadet
and Dr. Alain Deroulede, Direction des relations
internationales.
•21 February
A Norwegian team from Nansen Environmental and Remote
Sensing Center (NERSC) consisting of Profs. Bjorn
Landmark, Ola M. Johannessen, Geir Evensen, Miss Vibeke
Jensen and Dr. Paul Samuel.
• 24 February- 24 April
Prof. Yu. P. Neprochnov, Dr. T. Tchernov and Dr. Boris Grinko,
Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, under the IndoRussian collaboration project "Study of the Indian Ocean
Lithosphere".
•21 March
His Excellency Luiz Filipe De Macedo Soares, Ambassador
of Brazil and His Excellency Mr. Ousman Ali, High
Commissioner of Trinidad and Tobago.
•31 March
Twenty-three foreign diplomats (trainees) from Azerbaijan,
Burkina Faso, Kyrgyzstan, Lithuania, Panama, Rwanda,
Seychelles, Sudan, Suriname, Sri Lanka and Uzbekistan,
visited through Ministry of External Affairs for exposure in
oceanographic activities.
52
Dr. Cadet (Centre) indicating possible areas of Indo-French
collaboration.
Human Resources &
Finances
The total staff in position during 1996-97 was
638, consists of 217 scientific, 272 technical
and 149 administrative personnel. During the
year ten members of our staff superannuated
and three left us for ever.
Goa-518
Human resource at Regional Centres
and Head Office.
53
The budget allocation from CSIR was Rs. 12.98
crores and the external cash flow through
contract services Rs. 11.01 crores.
NIO budget vis-a-vis external cash flow for the last three years.
54
Appendix - VIII
Patents & Publications
western equatorial Indian Ocean: Results of
monthly mean sea surface topography. Proc.
Indian Natl. Sci. Acad. (A: Phys. Sci.), 62: 325347.
Gauns, M.U., R. Mohanraju and M. Madhupratap,
1996. Studies on the microzooplankton from the
central and eastern Arabian Sea. Curr. Sci., 7 1 :
874-877.
Banakar, V.K., 1996. India's manganese nodule
mine site in the Central Indian Ocean. Curr. Sci.,
70:11-13.
Goswami, S.C. and G. Padmavati, 1996.
Zooplankton production, composition and
diversity in the coastal waters of Goa. Indian J.
Mar. Sci., 25(2): 91-97.
Bhattathiri, P.M.A., A. Pant, S. Sawant, M.U.
Gauns, S.G.P. Matondkar and R. Mohanraju,
1996. Phytoplankton production and chlorophyll
distribution in the eastern and central Arabian Sea
in 1994-1995. Curr. Sci., 71: 857-862.
Chakraborty, B., D. Pathak, M. Sudhakar and
Y.S.N. Raju, 1997. Determination of nodule
coverage parameters using multibeam normal
incidence echo characteristics : A study in the
Indian Ocean. Marine Georesources and
Geotechnology, 15(1): 33-48.
Chauhan, O.S., 1996. Aeolian deposition of Arabia
and Somalia sediments on the southwestern
continental margin of India. Curr. Sci., 71: 233236.
Clabby, C, U. Goswami, F. Flavin, N.P. Wilkins,
J.A. Houghton and R. Powell, 1996. Cloning,
characterization and chromosomal location of a
satellite DNA from the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea
gigas. Gene, 168:205-209.
DeSouza, S.N., M. Dileep Kumar, S. Sardessai,
V.V.S.S. Sarma and P.V. Shirodkar, 1996.
Seasonal variability in oxygen and nutrients in
the central and eastern Arabian Sea. Curr. Sci.,
71:847-851.
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Krishnakumar. Beach erosion due to a freshwater
Conference, Houston, Texas, 475-487.
stream and its mitigation at Majorda, Goa.
Suresh,T., K.H. Vora, R.G. Prabhu Desai and S.R.
NIO/SP-24/96. Singbal, S.Y.S., S.N. De Sousa,
Rao, 1997. Multimedia information system of
Classy D'Silva, Sujata Kaisary, Analia Mesquita,
marine archaeology, In: An Integrated Approach
Jyoti Borkar. Coastal Ocean Monitoring and
to Marine Archaeology, Proc. Fourth Indian
Prediction System (COMAPS).
Conference on Marine Archaeology of Indian
Ocean Countries, Society
Archaeology, Goa, 37-40.
for
Marine
Tripati, S. and S.K. Patnaik, 1996. Trade routes
and communication pattern of ancient Orissa.
Gauravam, In: Recent Researches in Indology,
K.V. Ramesh, et al. (Eds.), Delhi, 396-404.
58
NIO/SP-25/96. Rao, L.V.G. and P. Vethamony.
Current and tide measurement for the design of
pipeline from Jamnagar to Kandla Route.
NIO/SP-26/96. Ramana, M.V., V. Subrahmanyam,
K.V.L.N. Sarma, Maria D'Sa and K.S. Krishna.
Crustal studies of the Bay of Bengal.
NIO/SP-1/97. Shetye, S.R. et al. Tidal circulation
in the Mandovi-Zuari estuarine System.
NIO/SP-2/97. Singbal, S.Y.S. and Classy D'Silva.
Evaluation of the oil spill dispersants MAC-22.
NIO/SP-3/97. Rajagopal,
M.D. Rapid
environmental impact assessment for the
proposed marine facilities for the Eastern Indian
Refinery at Paradip.
NIO/SP-4/97. Vijaykumar, R. Fish Spawning and
breeding grounds in the marine environs of
Pillaiperumalnallur, Nagapattinam.
NIO/SP-5/97. Achuthankutty, C.T. Design and
specifications of a pilot scale prawn hatchery.
NIO/SP-6/97. Verlenkar, X.N. Impact of heated
effluents on marine biotic communities as
evaluated by laboratory bio-assay studies.
NIO/SP-7/97. Chandramohan, P. Oceanographic
studies for the disposal of effluents.
NIO/SP-8/97. Pathak, M.C. Bathymetric and
seabed studies for acceptability of proposed sites
for demarcation of submarine effluent pipeline
corridor and the diffuser off Dahej (Phase -1).
NIO/SP-9/97. Kotnala, K.L. Bathymetric and
seabed surveys for proposed all weather ports
at Redi, Vijaydurg and Ganeshgule (Parts I, II
and III).
NIO/SP-10/97. Vora, K.H. Search surveys for
contraband silver dumped off Mumbai,
Maharashtra.
NIO/SP-11/97. Babu, M.T., M.R. Rameshkumar,
P.M. Muraleedharan and R. Vaithiyanathan.
Current measurements for the proposed all
weather ports at Redi, Vijayadurg and Agargule,
Maharastra.
NIO/SP-12/97. Ansari, Z.A. Ecobiological,
toxicological and environmental impact
assessment studies of the effluent discharge
from MRL-CBR in the marine environs off
Nagapattinam, Tamil Nadu.
NIO/SP-13/97. Gaur, A.S. Marine archaeological
explorations off Poompuhar (Tamil Nadu).
NIO/SP-14/97. Singbal, V. and Ramesh Babu.
Report on baseline studies on ocean currents in
the central Indian Basin prior to benthic
disturbance.
NIO/SP-15/97. Murty, C.S. Comprehensive EIA for
captive port facilities at Pipavav, Gujarat.
Kesava Das, V., P. Chandramohan, K.L. Kotnala,
V.T. Paulinose and V. Sanil Kumar.
Environmental Impact Assessment of shallow
water mining of Chavara. Phase I: Baseline
studies, sponsored by National Institute of Ocean
Technology, Chennai.
Sankarnarayanan, V.N. et al. Rapid
Environmental Impact Assessment for cooling
water intake and discharge for North Madras
stage III, Thermal Power Project, Ennur,
sponsored by Trisakthi Energy Pvt. Ltd., Chennai.
Sankarnarayanan, V.N. et al. Rapid Environmental
Impact Assessment of offshore Coal Terminal,
coal jetty conveyance system and lightrage
operations for SEPC thermal power plant at
Tuticorin, sponsored by M/s. SPIC Electronics
Power Corporation Ltd., Chennai.
Sankarnarayanan, V.N. et al. Rapid environmental
impact assessment of heated cooling water
discharge and ash disposal from SEPC Thermal
Power Plant at Tuticorin, sponsored by M/s. SPIC
Electronics Power Corporation Ltd., Chennai.
Marine Environmental Impact Assessment studies
for the construction of sea water intake and warm
water discharge of a power plant at Tuticorin,
Vembar, sponsored by the Indian Power Projects
Ltd.
Studies on the pre-mining environmental
conditions in the Central Indian Ocean with
reference to Secondary Standing Stock 1997,
sponsored by Department of Ocean
Development.
Zingde, M.D., K. Govindan, R.V. Sarma, A.N.
Kadam, P.D. Gore and M.A. Rokade, 1996.
Comprehensive marine EIA/EMP for wastewater
release and captive jetty for Indo Gulf Copper
Smelter at Lakhigam. Sponsored by Indo Gulf
Fertilizers & Chemicals Corporation Ltd., Mumbai.
Zingde, M.D., N.M. Anand, S.N. Gajbhiye, A. N.
Kadam and
S. Mandal, 1996. Marine
environmental impact assessment for proposed
jetty of IFFCO at Kandla. Sponsored by Indian
Farmers Fertilizer Cooperative Ltd., Kandla.
Zingde, M.D., S.N. Gajbhiye and A. N. Kadam,
1996. Monitoring of Amba River estuary (MayJune 95) Part II. Sponsored by Indian
Petrochemicals Corporation Ltd., Nagothane.
Zingde, M.D., K. Govindan, M.M. Sabnis, R.V.
Sarma, A.V. Mandalia and Prashant Sharma,
1996. Marine environmental impact assessment
of coastal waters off Thal in relation to release of
wastewater from RCF. Sponsored by Rashtriya
Chemicals & Fertilizers Ltd., Thal.
Zingde, M.D., R.V. Sarma, J. Ram, A.V. Mandalia
and M.A. Rokade, 1996. Release of wastewater
in Amba estuary during monsoon. Sponsored by
ATV Projects India Ltd., Mumbai.
Zingde, M.D., V.R. Nair, R.V. Sarma, P.D. Gore
and M.A. Rokade, 1996. Erosional trends of
limestone sea cliffs along Jafarabad and coastal
environmental quality. Sponsored by Narmada
Cement Company Ltd., Jafarabad.
Zingde, M.D., S.N. Gajbhiye, R.V. Sarma, A.N.
Kadam and P.D. Gore, 1996. Marine EIA for
proposed expansion of NDIL jetty and foreshore
facilities at Dharamtar (Amba estuary).
Sponsored by Tata Risk Management Services,
Mumbai.
Zingde, M.D., J.R.M. Ram, Prashant Sharma and
M.A. Rokade, 1996. Impact of wastewater release
on the ecology of Vashisti estuary. Sponsored
by Maharashtra Industrial Development
Corporation, Mahad.
Zingde, M.D., M.M. Sabnis, S.N. Gajbhiye and
Prashant Sharma, 1997. Impact assessment of
release of wastewater from Tata Chemicals
Limited on the ecology. Sponsored by Tata
Chemicals Ltd., Mithapur.
Zingde, M.D., S.N. Gajbhiye and A.N. Kadam,
1996. Monitoring of Amba river estuary
(December 1995): Part III. Sponsored by Indian
Petrochemicals Corporation Ltd., Nagothane.
Popular Article
Varkey, M.J., 1996. Waves in the seas. Science
Reporter, May 1996, 9-13.
Other Publications
Dhargalkar, V.K., S.G. Prabhu Matondkar and X.N.
Verlencar, 1996. Seasonal variation in carbon
budget in water column off Princess Astrid coast.
Scientific Report XII Indian Expedition to
Antarctica, DOD, New Delhi, Tech. Publ. No. 10:
259-266.
Zingde, M.D., V.R. Nair, R.V. Sarma, A.N. Kadam,
P.D. Gore and M.A. Rokade, 1996. Marine EIA
due to release of wastewater from GHCL soda
ash plant at Sutrapada. Sponsored by Gujarat
Heavy Chemicals Ltd., Veraval.
Ingole, B.S and V.K. Dhargalkar, 1996.
Comparative account of benthic community at
two different locations in the continental
Antarctica. Scientific Report XII Indian Expedition
to Antarctica, DOD, New Delhi, Tech. Publ. No.
10: 195-206.
Consultancy Reports
Prabhu Matondkar, S.G., V.K. Dhargalkar and A.H.
Parulekar, 1996. Ecosystem characterization in
Indian Ocean Sector, Antarctica. Scientific Report
XII Indian Expedition to Antarctica, DOD, New
Delhi, Tech. Publ. No. 10: 207-231.
NIO/CON-2/96. Jagtap, T.G., 1996. State of art
report: The impact on flora and fauna, due to the
construction of Virtual jetty at Kandla, Gujarat.
Zingde, M.D., S.N. Gajbhiye, A.N. Kadam, P.D.
Gore and Prashant Sharma, 1996. Ecological
studies of flora and fauna for HPCL Virtual jetty
at Kandla. Sponsored by Hindustan Petroleum
Corporation Ltd., Mumbai.
Zingde, M.D., S.N. Gajbhiye, A.N. Kadam, P.D.
Gore and Prashant Sharma, 1996. Ecological
studies of flora and fauna for HPCL Virtual jetty
at Kandla. Part II - Marine environmental impact
assessment. Sponsored by Hindustan Petroleum
Corporation Ltd., Mumbai.
Parthiban, G. M.V.S. Guptha and V.K. Banakar,
1997. Particle fluxes in the Central Indian Ocean.
Report submitted to Department of Ocean
Development on the Environmental Impact
Assessment in CIB (Index Programme-Baseline
data collection).
Verlencar X.N. and V.K. Dhargalkar, 1996.
Ecobiological studies of the fresh water lakes at
Schirmacher Oasis, Antarctica. Scientific Report
XII Indian Expedition to Antarctica. DOD, New
Delhi, Tech. Publ. No. 10: 233-257.
Zingde, M.D., K. Govindan, A.V. Mandalia and
Prashant Sharma, 1996. Marine EIA for the
proposed pipelines across Narara Bet for ESSAR
Oil Refinery, Vadinar. Sponsored by ESSAR Oil
Ltd., Mumbai.
Zingde, M.D., K. Govindan, M.M. Sabnis, R.V.
Sarma, Prashant Sharma and M.A. Rokade,
1996. Environmental impact assessment of
accidental spillage of crude oil at pipeline
crossings of water bodies (MDAJ Hook-up).
Sponsored by Engineers India Ltd., New Delhi.
Zingde, M.D., V.R. Nair, R.V. Sarma, V.S. Naidu
and M.A. Rokade, 1996. Environmental impact
assessment of accidental spillage of petroleum
products at pipeline crossings of water bodies
(Kochi-Tiruchchirappalli pipeline). Sponsored by
Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd., Mumbai.
Zingde, M.D., M.M. Sabnis, R.V. Sarma, J.R.M.
Jaiswar, V.S. Naidu, A.V. Mandalia and M.A.
Rokade, 1996. Rapid marine EIA for release of
effluent from GACL in the coastal waters of
Lakhigam. Sponsored by Gujarat Alkalies and
Chemicals Ltd., Vadodara.
-.59
Appendix - IX
Staff List
(as on 31 March, 1997)
Director
Dr. Desa Ehrlich
A. Headquarters
Physical Oceanography
Remote Sensing
Sc.F
Shri Rao LVG
Sc.EII
Dr. Varkey MJ
Shri Gopinathan CK
Dr. Shetye SR
Dr. Bahulayan N
Shri Ramesh Babu V
Sc.EI
Shri Sathe PV
Shri Gouveia AD
Shri Krishnamacharyulu RJ
Shri Gopalakrishna W
Dr. Shenoi SC
Dr. Ramesh Kumar MR
Dr. Murty Suryanarayana V
Shri Sarma YVB
Dr. Vethamony P
Shri Femandes AA
Sc.C
Shri Sarma MSS
Shri Nampoothiri GE
Dr. Unnikrishnan AS
Dr. Muraleedharan PM
Sci.B
Dr. S. Doraiswamy
T.O.(A)
Shri Babu MT
Shri Selvan Michael G
Shri Santanam K
Shri Sundar Damodar
STA
Shri Vaithiyanathan R
JTA
Shri Gawas Vasant B
Smt. Date Vaijayanti
SLA
Shri Monteiro Antonio
Jr. Steno
Kum. Alphonso Felecidade
Acoustic Tomography &
Coastal Space Utilization
Sc.F
Dr. Murty CS
Sc.EII
T.O.(A)
Shri Almeida Michael A
Shri Krishnakumar V
Chemical Oceanography
Sc.F
Dr. Singbal SYS
Sc.EII
Dr. Kamat SY
Sc.EI
Dr. Naik CG
Dr. George MD
Dr. De Souza SNAG
Dr. Naqvi SWA
Dr. Wahidullah Solimabi
Shri Rajagopal MD
Dr. Poi Fondekar SN
Smt. D'Silva Classy
Dr. Sardesai Sugandha
Dr. Dileep Kumar M
Dr. Narvekar PV
Smt. Mesquita AM
Smt. Kaisary Sujata
Dr. Parameswaran PS
Sc.C
Dr. D'Souza Lisette M
Dr. Sarkar Anupam
Dr. Sawkar Kalidas
Dr. Shailaja MS
Dr. Shirodkar PV
T.O.(C)
Smt. Dias Caroline
Sc.B
Shri Durga Prasad PVSS
Shri Nagarajan R
T.O.(B)
Shri Femandes Blasco
T.O.(A)
Shri Amal Jaya Kumar D
Smt. Rao Anuragini K
STA
Shri Alagarsamy R
JTA
Shri Bhobe Datta Prasad
Shri Ravishankar R
Jr. Deckhand
Mandrekar Uday DR
SLA
Shri Gauns Fotu
Shri Gilbert MJM
JLA
Shri Dalvi Hanumant S
Jr. Steno
Patil Rajaram
Dr. Swamy GN
Sc.EI
Dr. Antony MK
Dr. Somayajulu YK
Dr. Prasanna Kumar S
Dr. Suryanarayana A
Dr. Ramanamurty TV
Sc.C
Shri Saran AK
Sc.B
Shri Navelkar Gajanan S
Shri Saji PK
60
Geological Oceanography
Sc.F
Dr. Rao Madhusudana Ch.
Sc.EII
Dr. Rao Gopala D
Dr. Veerayya M
Sc. El
Dr. GujarAR
Dr. Nigam Rajiv
Dr. Gupta MVSN
Shri Bhattacharya GC
Shri Subbaraju LV
Shri Almeida FMS
Dr. Ramana MV
Dr. Hashimi NH
Dr. Paropkari AL
Dr. ValsangkarAB
Dr. Karisiddaiah SM
Dr. Wagle BG
Shri Vora KH
Dr. Ramaswamy V
Dr. Rao Purnachandra V
Dr. Sudhakar M
Dr. Mukhopadhyay R
Dr. Sharma Rahul
Dr. Banerjee R
Dr. Jauhari Pratima
Dr. Pattan JN
Dr. Nagender Nath B
Dr. Gupta SM
Shri Shyam Prasad M
Dr. Rao Prattipati S
Dr. Borole DV
Dr. Kamesh Raju KA
Dr. Iyer Sridhar D
Dr. Chauhan OS
Dr. Mudholkar AV
Dr. Naidu Divakar P
Dr. Mascarenhas A
Dr. Subramanyam V
Dr. Banakar VK
Dr. Kodagali VN
Shri Ram Prasad T
Shri Ranade GH
Shri Afzalpurkar S
Dr. Chakraborty B
Dr. Sree Krishna K
Shri Chaubey Anil K
Shri Khadge NH
Shri Naik DK
Shri Fernando Vijayan
Shri Vijayakumar B
Shri Prakash Babu C
Sc.C
Dr. Sarma KVLNS
Shri Murty GPS
Shri Pathak Devashish
Shri Naik Gajanan P
Dr. Chandramohan D
Dr. Bhattathiri PMA
T.O.(C)
Shri Pathak MC
Shri Kotnala KL
Shri Dias ECA
Shri Marathe Prakash
Sc.B
Shri Mislankar PG
Shri Ambre NV
T.O.(B)
Shri Nanyasi SK
Shri Muralinath AS
Shri Sonawane AV
T.O.(A)
Shri Janakiraman G
Shri Phadte GM
Shri Tata Sudhakar
Shri Venkatesan R
Shri Prabaharan N
Shri Khedekar VD
Shri Gracias DG
Shri Rao Lingeswara BR
Shri Gaonkar SS
Shri Parthiban G
Shri Pattanshetti SS
Shri Srinivas Kariapati
Shri Walker Gavin A
Shri Ganesan P
Shri Sivakholundu KM
STA
Shri Gowthaman V
Shri Sardar Areef A
Smt. Desa Maria Ana
Shri Prabhu Girish Anand
Shri Jai Shankar S
Shri Sivakumar D
Shri Ramani K
Shri Luis RAA
JTA
Shri Sukumaran NP
Shri Senthilkumar G
Shri Moraes Cesar NR
Shri Naik Kamlakant L
SM
Shri Desai Gajanan
Tech. Gr.ll
Kum. Fernandes Aida
Sr.Steno
Smt. Fernandes Maria G
Smt. Sudhakar Alison M
Peon
Shri Gauns Nani
Biological Oceanography
Sc.F
Dr. Untawale AG
Dr. Devassy VP
Dr. Goswami SC
Sc.EII
Sc.EI
Dr. Harkantra SN
Dr. Achuthankutty CT
Dr. Madhupratap M
Dr. Goswami Usha
Dr. Loka Bharathi PA
Dr. Ansari ZA
Dr. Krishnakumari L
Dr. Chatterji Anil K
Dr. Ramaiah N
Dr. Raghukumar S
Dr. Raghukumar C
Dr. Dhargalkar VK
Dr. Wafar Sayeeda
Dr. Verlencar XN
Dr. Menezes Maria
Dr. Ingole BS
Dr. Prabhu Matondkar SG
Dr. Jagtap TG
Dr. Achuthankutty Shanta
Sc.C
Dr. Wafar MVM
Dr. Rathod Vijayakumar P
Dr. Goes Joaquim
T.O.(C)
Shri Subramaniam V
Sc.B
Dr. Mohandas C
STA
Shri Anantha Sreepada R
Smt. Gurrala Sheelu
JTA
Smt. Ramaswamy Philomena
Shri Naik Laxman B
Shri Thalkatnal YS
Shri Gauns Madhu O
Shri Sajjad Hussain Mir
Sr. Steno
Smt. Afonso Bella
Marine Corrosion & Materials
Research
Sc F
Dr. Wagh AB
Sc El
Dr. Bhoslβ NB
Sc.C
Shri Mascarenhas Antonio AMQ
Shri Menezes Andrew A
T.O.(C)
Smt. Peshwe Vani B
Shri Tengali Suryakant B
Sc.B
Shri Madhan R
Shri Mehra Prakash
T.O.(A)
Shri Chodankar VN
STA
Smt. Nagvekar Surekha G
Shri Prasad MMV
Shri Ramdasan K
Smt. Prabhu Geeta S
Sc.C
Dr. Anil AC
Dr. Raveendran TV
Dr. Sawant SS
JTA
Shri Vijayakumar Kannojia
Smt. Rodrigues Ancy
T.O.(C)
Shri Paneer Selvam
Tech.Asst.
Shri Madaswamy B
Sc.B
Shri Venugopal C
Fine Mech.
Shri Surlekar Manohar
Shri Rodrigues Dennis
STA
Shri Krishnamurthy P Venkat
Smt. Garg Anita
JTA
Shri Mascarenhas Luis S
JTA
Shri Nagvekar Shyam
Jr. Fitter
Shri Monteiro Robert
SLA
Shri Prabhu N Sitaram
KPO
Shri Dias Mathew
Jr. Steno
Smt. Subhashini S
Jr. Mech.(AC)
Shri Fernandas Milton
Engine Dr.
Shri Kurle PR
Jr. Mech.
Shri Pednekar SS
Ocean Engineering
Sc.EII
Dr. Anand NM
Turner
Shri D'Silva EO
Fitter
Shri Fernandes Peter P
LabAtt.
Shri Dongrekar ST
STA
Shri Bandodkar Shrinivas N
LDC
Kum. Fernandes Terezinha
Tracer
Shri Chitari Satish B
Helper Gr. A
Shri Gawde Shivaji
Jr. Steno
Smt. Shettigar Sunita S
Training Division
Planning
ScF
Dr. Sumitra Vijayaraghavan R
Sc.EII
Dr. Dalai SG
SLA
Shri Naik Gurudas A
Sc.B
Shri Sarma PVSSR
Librarian
Shri Fernandes Cajetan
T.O.(B)
Smt Singh Kavita
Jr. Steno
Smt. Martins Fatima
T.O.(A)
Smt. Simon Soja
Jr. Deckhand
Shri Gonsalves Rosario
STA
Shri Patil Manohar P
Publication & Reprography
Machine Oper.
Shri Pednekar Babuso H
ScEl
Shri Bhat SR
Photo. Off.(C)
Shri Date VM
Library
Doc. Off. Gr.lV(4)
Shri Tapaswi MP
T.O.(C)
Shri Wahidullah Md
Shri Sharma SP
Smt. Thomas Rosy
Ub. Off.
Smt. Oka SH
Shri Sainekar GH
STA
Shri Mahale Arun Y
Cataloguer
Shri Gawas Atmaram K
Sr.D/Man
Shri Punj HD
UDC
Shri Pereira Edward
JTA
Shri Fernandas Bruno
Smt. Ribeiro Christalina
Helper Gr. A
Shri Gauns Dinu P
SLA
Smt. Duggal Vijaya
Ship/Boat Management
Printing Mech. Gr.ll(3)
Shri Naroji Subhash S
TechAsst. Gr.lll(2)
Shri Rodrigues Lucano
Compositor Gr.ll(3)
Shri Mochemadkar MV
Bosun
Shri Garudi RR
Peon
Shri Arlekar Pradeep
Workshop Asst.
Shri Naik Vasudev B
Shri Sawant Raghunath
Tracer
Shri Akerkar SG
Shri Uchil R
Shri Pawaskar Pramod
Shri Javali Udaykumar
Shri Chavan RL
Shri Chitari KG
Sr.Steno
Smt. Veliath Linda
PhotoAsst Gr.ll(4)
Shri Sirsat Umesh
Helper Gr.A
Shri Jogale Arjun H
COA
Pillai Rajan MR
PhotoAsst.
Shri Karim Shaikh Ali
Watchman
Shri Desai KB
AO
KS Dayanidhi
Lab. Bearer
Shri Parulekar Atmaram S
Helper
Sasi EK
Book Binder
Shri Sirvoikar Chandrakant
Data & Information
Helper Gr. A
Shri Gonsalves Graciano Z
SO
Shri Dalvi MG
Shri D'Souza Paul S
Shri D'Silva Peter I
Shri Duggal RK
Shri Fernandes TC
Sc.EII
Shri Sarupria JS
P.S.
Kum. Cardoz Milagrine
Marine Instrumentation &
Computer
ScEl
Shri Reddy Venkata G
Shri Ghosh Arvind Kolli
Receptionist Gr.lll(2)
Smt. Almeida Shanti
Sc.F
Shri Nayak MR
Sc.C
Shri Pankajakshan T
Shri Kunte PD
Marine Archaeology
ScEl
Dr. Chandramohan P
Shri Diwan SG
Dr. Mandal S
Shri Ashok Kumar K
Sc.B
Shri Bhat Subraya Shankar
Shri Illangovan D
Shri Jayakumar Sβlvam
Shri Sanil Kumar
T.O.(A)
Shri Mandal HC
Shri Pednekar PS
Shri Pathak KC
Shri Raju NSN
JTA
Shri Gowthaman R
Shri Naik RL
Shri Mochemadkar MV
Shri Naik Ganesh N
Shri Tari MK
Shri Mochemadkar SV
Sr.Steno
Shri Bhinge RS
Tech.(lnst) Gr.ll(3)
Smt. Vimalakumari Damodaran
Tech.
Shri Shirgaunkar Anil V
Model Maker Gr.ll(4)
Shri Kalangutkar Shyam D
Lab. Bearer
Shri Sheikh Yacub
Sc.EII
Dr. Desa Elgar S
Shri Prabhu Desai RG
STA
Smt. Lasitha Ratnakaran
ScEl
Shri SureshT
Dr. Antony Joseph K
KPO
Shri Naik Suryakant R
Shri Prabhu RK
T.O.(B)
Dr. Tripati Sila
Shri Sundaresh T
Shri Gaur Aniruddh Singh
Diver Arch.
Shri Gudigar Puttaswamy
Establishment & General
Administration
Hindi Officer
Shri Singh Umesh Kumar
Asst.(Gen.)
Shri Fadte SR
Smt. D'Silva Regina
Shri Fernandas Agnello
Shri Lourenco Francisco G
Smt. Subramaniam Susheela
Smt. Fernandas MF
Shri Sirvoikar Onu
Smt. D'Souza Ana J
Shri Vemekar RG
Shri Kurtarkar Ratnakar
Shri Rajiv Sharma
Smt. Rego Sacramento M
61
Sr.Steno
Smt. Korde Vanamala P
Shri Khanapuri Mahadev
Security Asst.
Shri James P
UDC
Shri Narvekar Dilip K
Shri Cota Caitaninho
Shri Verenkar Madan J
LDC (Hindi)
Shri Sawant RR
Lab. Supervisor
Shri Patil MN
Record Keeper
Shri Gad Suriya V
Jr. Garden Chowdhary
Shri Gawali Dhondu B
Shri Ali Mohmad
Dr. Cum Mech.
Shri Fernandas Bernard
Shri Nadar Kasi
Shri Chorat BG
Sr. Gest. Operator
Shri Shettigar RB
Staff Car Driver
Shri Martins Vasu
Shri Naik Baboi N
Shri Shet RP
Shri Poi RT
JLA
Shri Goudar RGK
Farash
Shri Gauns Keshav
Guest House Att.
Shri Kamat DS
Smt. Braganza Maria
Smt. D'Souza Maria Quiteria
Smt. Ghanki Shanti
Smt. Dias Nhali M
Shri Gauns Dattaram
Smt. Ratos Santana
Shri Gauns Mukund
Smt. Surlekar S. Sumitra
Civil Engineering
Canteen
Asst. Exe. Engr. (Elect.)
Shri Kulkarni KB
SLA
Shri Ribeiro Melwin
Asst. Exe. Engr. (Civil)
Shri Kubasad RB
Asst. Manager
Shri Toraskar DT
Asst. Engr. (CMI)
Shri Mathew Chacko P
Finance & Accounts
STA
Shri Parmar UA
Sr.F&AO
Shri Dias CM
Tech. Asst.
Shri Goudar MGK
Bearer
Shri Dias Ghanasham
Shri Coelho Reginaldo
Shri Femandes Cerilo
Shri Varghese Thomas
Shri Kharde Ramesh T
Shri Tuyekar Gopal Nhanu
SO(F&A)
Shri D'Mello JL
Jr. Electrician
Shri Mahajan SN
Asst. Halwai
Shri Tervankar Rama B
Asst(Gen)
Smt Mascarenhas Nancy
Shri Ghanti Shivappa
Shri Murthy VS
Smt. D'Mello Vilma
Pump Operator
Shri Patil ML
Washboy
Shri Estrocio Francis
Meter Reader
Shri Amaral Jose AN
Safaiwala
Smt. Dias Ana Conceicao
Asst.(F&A)
Shri Gonsalves John
Jr. Steno
Smt. Cardoz Cleta
UDC
Shri Vijayakumar G
Smt. D'Costa Edith
Smt. Mochemadkar Mamta
LDC
Smt. Femandes Ita ML
Stores Bearer
Shri Gaunco Vasu
Khalasi
Shri Lemos C
Cook
Shri Godinho Jose
Stores & Purchase
Khalasi Gr.l(4)
Shri Femandes Aquino
Dy.SPO
Shri Ramankutty TK
Shri Wase RC
Shri Naik KS
Mali
Shri Estrocio Vrthoba
Shri Kunkolkar Dinker
Smt. Shirodkar Susheela
Smt. Shinde Ambubai
Shri Sirvoikar Shamu G
Shri Sirvoikar Hanuman
Shri Gaunco Anant M
Shri Jamal Sahib
Peon
Shri Gonsalves Joseph
Shri Gauns Nanu
Shri Gauns Digambar
Watchman
Shri Poi NT
Shri Gaikwad Eknath
Shri Mahale Jaidev G
Shri Gaonkar HN
Shri Gawas Pundalik
Shri Parsekar SB
Shri Kalelkar Eknath
Shri Sebastian Baby
Shri Kerkar Madhav
Shri Pereira Rama F
Shri Nair Sanilkumaran R
Shri Gaikwad Kashinath S
Safaiwala
Shri Khedekar HV
Smt Beg Subhadra
Smt Fernandes Luisa A
Smt. Sirvoicar Minaxi
Smt. Sirvoicar Jaivanti
Shri Pereira Laxman
Shri Satelkar Sabaji
Shri Naik Mahadev H
Shri Gauns Bodu
Shri Viegas Caitan
Shri Tang Devichand
Shri Khade Ramesh M
62
SPA(Gr.lll)
Shri Sanke SG
Shri Mascarenhas Johnny
Shri Rao Siva PV
Shri Chodnekar BL
Shri Tardelkar Surendra
Shri Mujawar Yusuf
SPA(Gr.lV)
Smt. Peshwe Melita
Shri Sukumaran A
Shri Maijikar Harish
Shri Lopes Craveiro
Shri Hasanwale Ashraf
Plumber
Shri Karelkar Laxman RC
Carpenter
Shri Naik Gurudas P
Electrician
Shri Cruz Ruzar
Works Mistry
Shri John PP
Shri Krishnaiah K
Shri Sardesai RB
B. Regional Centres
Kochi
ScF
Dr. Sankaranarayanan VN
(Scientist-in-Charge)
Dr. Sivadas P
Sc.EII
Sr.Deckhand
Shri Toraskar Namdev B
Shri Dhavjekar Maheshwar V
Shri Josanto V
Dr. KR Pillai
UDC
Smt. Amaral Vijaya A
Dr. Nair KKC
Dr. Paulinose VT
Dr. Devi Lalithambika CB
Dr. Gopalakrishnan TC
Dr. Santhakumari V
Dr. Balachandran T
Shri Arvindakshan PN
Shri Rao Kameshwara K
Smt. Rosamma Stephen
Smt. Saramma UP
Smt. Jayalakshmy KV
Smt. Meenakshi Kunjamma
Dr. Haridas P
Shri Kesava Das V
Dr. Devi Sarala K
Shri Balasubramanian T
Helper Gr.A
Shri Gawas Laxman B
Shri Gawas Monu G
Shri Martins Nagesh
Khalasi Gr.l (4)
Shri Kotharkar Shanta
Shri Jogale Vithal A
Khalasi
Shri Shariff Md
Shri Vijayan P
Mason
Shri Gawas Mohammad
Director's Office
Sr. Steno
Shri Simon TP
STA
Shri Reddy Sreenivasulu Ch
Smt Prabhu Beena S
Sc.EI
Sc.C
Shri Dinesh Kumar PK
Shri Ravichandran C
Smt. Joseph Tressiamma
T.O.(C)
Shri Venugopal P
Shri Mohanan VN
Sc.B
Dr. Gupta Ranu
Dr. Arti Noor
Asst(Gen)
Kum. Shahapurkar Meena
Smt. Lobo Pia G
Shri Sreenath Jena
JTA
Shri Naik Suresh N
UDC
Shri Naik Umesh B
Lab Bearer
Shri D'Souza Francis
Sr.Steno
Smt. D'Souza Lucinda V
Dispensary
Jr.Deckhand
Shri Kankonkar PJ
RMO
Dr. Bhandari LV
T.O.(A)
Shri Tony Joseph T
Shri Balachandran KK
Shri Vijayan PR
Khalasi
Shri Vaz Antonio X
MO
Dr. Netravalkar MGS
Lib. Asst.
Shri Thampi KE
Peon (Group 'C')
Shri Pereira Peter
Nursing Sister
Smt. Menezes Thelma
Peon
Shri Martins Dacu
Sister
Smt. Mochemadkar Kanchan M
JTA
Dr. Nair Maheshwari
Shri Nair Sivaraman KK
Shri Shaji AK
Stores Bearer
Shri Manickam S
Shri Barreto Mahadeo
Shri Gawas Bhiku
Compounder
Smt. Fernandes Maria Angela
KPO
Shri Jakhi SPN
Peon
Shri Shirodkar Govind
T.O.(B)
Shri Pylee Abraham
Shri Raveendran O
Shri Narayanan B
Shri Kumaran S
Pre. Mech.
Shri Valson TR
JTA
Shri Sudhakaran TK
Shri Xavier KP
Technician Gr.ll
Smt Grace Joseph
Dr. Cum Mβch.
Shri Chakkapan CP
Staff Car Driver
Shri John Luis
Fitter
Shri Gopalan K
Sr. Deckhand
Shri Thankappan K
Jr. Gest. Operator
Shri George Thomas
Lab.Att.
Shri Peter KP
Lab Bearer
Smt. Geethakumari PG
P.S.
Shri Gopinathan KK
Asst.(Gen.)
Smt. Pillai Swarnakumari
Shri Sivadasan K
Peon
Shri Hamza KH
Kitchen Clerk
Smt. Mary PK
Tea Maker
Shri P.V. Kannan
Wash Boy
Smt. Rejani CL
Mumbai
Sc.F
Dr. Zingde MD (Scientist-in-Charge)
Sc.EII
Dr. Nair Vijayalakshmi
Sc.EI
Dr. Govindan K
Dr. Sabnis MM
Shri Sharma RV
Dr. Gajbhiye SN
Dr. Kadam AN
ScC
Dr. Jiyalal Ram MJ
Sc.B
Dr. VS Naidu
T.O.(B)
Shri Sharma Prashant
Shri Mandalia AV
T.O.(A)
Kum. Gore PD
Shri Rokade MA
STA
Shri Mehta PN
Shri Chauhan Gopal K
SLA
Shri Patel Babu G
Shri Anirudh Ram
Shri Bagde DS
Smt. D'Souza Rosaria
Asst.(Gen.)
Shri Tharawal R
Shri Date AS
Sr.Steno
Shri Nair PB
Smt. Subramanian Geeta
Sc.B
Shri Sudarshan R
Shri Lakshimi Narayana S
SPA (Gr.IV)
Smt. Fernandes Carmina
UDC
Smt. PriolkarAlka
T.O.(B)
Dr. Devi Padmini
Shri Premakumar MK
Shri Venkateshwarlu K
Staff Car Driver
Shri Dige Anant Shanker
Shri Sable Baban V
Shri Sawant Subhash Chavan
T.O.(A)
Shri Raju YSN
Helper Gr.A
Shri llyas Md
JTA
Shri Jawahar Kumar Ch
Shri Rao Koteswara A
Shri Prasad Ranga TV
Watchman
Shri Singh Omkar R
Jr.Sec.Asst.
Shri Ram Khilawan Das
SLA
Shri Babu Suri A
Tea/Coffee Maker
Shri DP Gupta
Dri. Cum Mech.
Shri Polichetti N
Dish Wash Boy
Shri Ramesh N Nayika
Lab. Att.
Shri Sheik Mustafa B
Visakhapatnam
Sc.F
Dr. Rao DP (Scientist-in-Charge)
Sc.EII
Dr. Murthy KSR
Sc.EI
Dr. Sarma W
Shri Rao Malleswara MM
Shri Subramanyam AS
Dr. Sadhuram Y
Shri Reddy Purnachandra N
Sc.C
Shri Rao Narasimha TV
Shri Rao Prabhakara B
Shri Rao Mohana K
Sr. Steno
Smt. Radhakrishna K
Asst(Gen)
Shri Rao Ramakrishna Ch
UDC
Smt. Rao Syamaia
Helper Gr. A
Smt. Kondamma N
Mali
Shri Rao Subbha K
Tea Maker
Shri Rao Rama D
Wash Boy
Shri Appala Raju K
Acronyms
Asst. Engr. —Assistant Engineer
Asst. Exe. Engr. — Assistant Executive Engineer
Asst. — Assistant
COA — Controller of Administration
Doc. Off. — Documentation Officer
Dr. Cum Mech. — Driver Cum Mechanic
F & AO — Finance & Accounts Officer
Fine Mech. — Fine Mechanic
JLA — Junior Laboratory Assistant
Jr. Steno — Junior Stenographer
JTA — Junior Technical Assistant
Jr. Tech — Junior Technician
KPO — Key Punch Operator
Lab. Att. — Laboratory Attendant
LDC — Lower Division Clerk
Lib. Asst. — Library Assistant
Lib. Off. — Library Officer
MO — Medical Officer
Photo. Asst. — Photographic Assistant
Pre. Mech. — Precision Mechanic
P.S. — Private Secretary
RMO — Resident Medical Officer
Sc. — Scientist
SLA — Senior Laboratory Assistant
SO — Section Officer
SPA — Stores & Purchase Assistant
Sr. D/Man — Senior Draughtsman
Sr. Steno — Senior Stenographer
Sr. Fine Mech. — Senior Fine Mechanic
STA — Senior Technical Assistant
Tech. Gr. II — Technical Grade II
TO — Technical Officer
UDC — Upper Division Clerk
J53
31st
Annual Report
(1996-97)
National Institute of
Oceanography, Goa
India