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Grade 6 Science Unit: 08 Lesson: 01 Characteristics Cards KEY Note: Some numeric values may differ depending on the research source used. Accept reasonable differences. Name: Sun Name: Mercury Period of Rotation: The apparent rotation of the star, as viewed from Earth, at its equator is about 25–28 days. Period of Rotation: 58.6 days Period of Revolution: 87.9 days Period of Revolution: It takes the solar system about 225–250 million years to complete one orbit of the galaxy. Orbit: 26,000 light-years (2.47954 X 10 17 km) from the center of the Milky Way Location: Close to the inner rim of Orion Arm in the Milky Way galaxy Size/Mass: 1.989 X 1030 kg Atmosphere: Mostly hydrogen which extends past the orbit of Pluto Physical Properties: Composed of hydrogen that changes to helium during nuclear fusion. The Sun is powered by the energy produced in the core and therefore, produces basically all of the heat and light received on Earth. Orbit: 1st from the Sun; 58,000,000 km Location: 0.387 AU; 58 million km (36 million miles) Size/Mass: 33 X 1022 kg Terrestrial or Gas Giant: Terrestrial Atmosphere: It has an exceptionally thin atmosphere composed of sodium and potassium gas. Physical Properties: Close to the Sun, very cold at night and very hot during the day, craters Name: Venus Number of Moons: 0 Period of Rotation: 243.1 days Period of Revolution: 224.7 days Orbit: 2nd from the Sun Location: 0.723 AU; 108 million km (67.24 million miles) Size/Mass: 487 X 1022 kg Terrestrial or Gas Giant: Terrestrial Atmosphere: Carbon dioxide with minor amounts of nitrogen and trace amounts of nitrogen, helium, neon, and argon Physical Properties: About the same size of Earth, thick cloud cover traps much of the Sun's heat causing the hottest average temperature of all the planets Name: Earth Number of Moons: 1 Period of Rotation: 23 hours 53 minutes Period of Revolution: 365.3 days Orbit: 3rd from the Sun Location:1 AU; 150 million km (92.9 million miles) Size/Mass: 598 X 1022 kg Terrestrial or Gas Giant: Terrestrial Atmosphere: Nitrogen and oxygen and minor amounts carbon dioxide, ozone, argon, and helium Name: Mars Number of Moons: 2 Name: Jupiter Number of Moons: Has 62 moons, 50 official, and 12 unofficial Period of Rotation: 9 hours 55 minutes Period of Revolution: 4,332.9 days Orbit: 5th from the Sun Location: 5.203 AU; 778 million km (483.88 million miles) Size/Mass: 190,000 X 1022 kg Terrestrial or Gas Giant: Gas giant Atmosphere: Mainly helium and hydrogen with trace amounts of water, ammonia, methane, and other carbon compounds Temperature: Physical Properties: Has a red spot where a giant storm has been raging for at least 300 years, has no solid surface, has a faint ring, under its atmosphere there is a large liquid ocean of hydrogen and water Physical Properties: Has atmosphere and temperature ranges which allow life, has liquid water Period of Rotation: 24 hours 37 minutes Period of Revolution: 686.9 days Orbit: 4th from the Sun Location:1.524 AU; 228 million km (141.71 million miles) Size/Mass: 64.2 X 1022 kg Terrestrial or Gas Giant: Terrestrial Atmosphere: Thin layer of mainly carbon dioxide; nitrogen, argon, and small traces of oxygen and water vapor also present Temperature: Physical Properties: Has much higher mountains and far deeper canyons than the Earth, temperature ranges similar to Earth, may have frozen water at poles ©2012, TESCCC 05/08/12 page 1 of 3 Grade 6 Science Unit: 08 Lesson: 01 Name: Saturn Number of Moons: Has 53 official moons and 9 unofficial moons. Period of Rotation: 10 hours 13 minutes Period of Revolution: 10,759.2 days Orbit: 6th from the Sun Location: 9.539 AU; 14.29 million km (887.14 million miles) Size/Mass: 56,900 X 1022 kg Terrestrial or Gas Giant: Gas giant Atmosphere: Thick atmosphere of hydrogen and helium; methane and ammonia also present Physical Properties: Atmosphere of methane and helium, no solid surface, first planet discovered to have rings. The sky gradually turns into liquid until it becomes an ocean of liquid chemicals. Name: Uranus Number of Moons: 21 Period of Rotation: 17.2 hours Period of Revolution: 30,684 days Orbit: 7th from the Sun Location: 19.18AU; 2,871million km (1,783.98 million miles) Size/Mass: 8,690 X 1022 kg Terrestrial or Gas Giant: Gas giant Atmosphere: Mainly of hydrogen and minor amounts of helium and methane Physical Properties: Spins on its side, has a large rocky core, almost identical to the planet Neptune, has dark rings, cold Name: Neptune Number of Moons: 13 Period of Rotation: 16 hours 17 minutes Period of Revolution: 60,190 days Orbit: 8th from the Sun Location: 30.06 AU; 4,504 million km (2,796.46 million miles) Size/Mass:10,280 X 1022 kg Terrestrial or Gas Giant: Gas giant Atmosphere: Mainly hydrogen and helium, small amounts of methane Physical Properties: Has six rings, has a storm called The Great Dark Spot, has faint rings, cold Galilean Moons: Students may have to perform specific searches for orbital periods. Name: Io Name: Callisto Name: Ganymede Distance from Planet: Distance from Planet: Distance from Planet: 421,600 km 1,883,000 km 1,070,000 km Location: 5th from Jupiter Location: 8th from Jupiter Location: 7th from Jupiter Orbital Period of Orbital Period of Orbital Period of Revolution: 1.769 days Revolution: 16.689 days Revolution: 7.154 days Other Characteristics: Other Characteristics: Other Characteristics: Active volcanism; sulfur, 2nd largest moon, cratered Largest moon in solar ©2012, TESCCC 05/08/12 Name: Europa Distance from Planet: 670,900 km Location: 6th from Jupiter Orbital Period of Revolution: 3.551 days Other Characteristics: 4th largest moon, ice, may page 2 of 3 Grade 6 Science Unit: 08 Lesson: 01 iron, and rocky material; 3rd largest moon ©2012, TESCCC surface, ice, thin atmosphere system, ice, grooved terrain on cratered surface 05/08/12 have ocean under surface of ice, smallest moon, has phases like Earth’s moon page 3 of 3