Download 18 1 Chapter Section , , Aggression Appeasement and War 1. What

Chapter 18 Section 1
Aggression, Appeasement, and War
1. What countries did Japan and Italy aggressively attacked
before World War II?
2. Why did they call the Spanish Civil War as a “Dress
Rehearsal for
WW II?”
3. What is the spiral attack by Germany on the European
countries?
A. Dictators Challenge World Peace
1. Japan on the Move
a. 1931 Manchuria = League of Nations condemned this
move.
b. 1937 China = Western countries protested this attack.
2. Italy Invades Ethiopia
a. Italy’s military advancements crushed Ethiopia
b. King Haile Selassie appealed to the League of
Nations
c. Sanctions were placed on Italy but couldn’t be
enforced.
3. Hitler’s Challenge
a. Rhineland
b. APPEASEMENT = giving into demands to keep peace.
4. Appeasement and Neutrality
a. England and France wasn’t in any conditions to fight
Germany.
b. Germany was a barrier against Communism.
c. Pacifism = opposition to all war
d. US Neutrality Law = No sales of weapons to countries
at war.
5. Rome – Berlin – Tokyo Axis
a. Fight against Communism
b. No interference with JIG expansions.
B. The Spanish Civil War
1. From Monarchy to Republic
a. 1931, Spain converted from a monarchy to a liberal
Const…
b. Peasants acquired rights and land.
2. Nationalists vs Loyalists
a. Nationalist – Francisco Franco was supported by
Ger/Italy.
b. Loyalists were supported by the Br/Fr/USSR
c. United States sent volunteers to fight for the
Loyalists.
3. A Dress Rehearsal
a. Germany tested and practice with their new
technological
weapons…
b. Fascism took over Spain..
C. German Aggression Continues
1. Rhineland
2. Austria Annexation – Anschluss
3. Sudetenland, Czech then all of Czech
D. Europe Plunges Toward War
1. Nazi-Soviet Pact
a. They would not fight one another
b. Divide up Poland
2. Invasion of Poland – Sept. 1, 1939
a. Blitzkrieg = rapid strike in three phases.
b. Sept. 3, 1939, England and France declares war on
Germany.
E. Why War Came…..
Chapter 18 Section 2
The Global Conflict: Axis Advances
1. Why didn’t Germany land their army into England?
2. Why did Japan attack the United States?
A. Early Axis Gains
1. The Phony War
a. Germany moved into Denmark and Norway
b. England and France stood behind the Maginot line
waiting…
c. Belgium and the Netherland fell to the Germans.
2. Miracle of Dunkirk
a. British forces retreated to Dunkirk – Germans into
France.
b. British fleet rescued over 300,000 troops from France.
c. Why did the Germans stop their attack on the British
forces?
3. France Falls
a. It took about a month to defeat France.
b. Italy declared war on France at the last stages of
their defeat.
c. Germany set up its capital at Vichy = “puppet state”
4. Africa and the Balkans
a. What were the Germans looking for in Africa?
b. General Edwin Rommel “desert fox” led the German
forces.
c. They attacked the Balkan territories and Africa.
d. Hungary and Bulgaria joined the Axis forces.
5. Technology of Modern Warfare
a. Radar
b. Sonar
B. The Battle of Britain and the Blitz
1. Winston Churchill replaced Chamberlain as the Prime
Minister.
2. The London Blitz
a. The German Luftwaffe led daily bombardment on
London.
b. Over 15,000 people lost their lives on these raids.
c. Royal Air Force pushed the Luftwaffe backed into
Germany.
d. Operation Sea Lion was a failure for Germany.
C. Operation Barbarossa
1. The German Advance
a. Over 3 million Germans soldiers poured into the
USSR.
b. Scorched Earth – led to 2.5 million soviets lives.
c. Harsh Winter… Hitler’s mistakes…
2. Siege on Leningrad
a. Hitler’s moves into the three major cities into the
USSR
b. People of Leningrad faced difficult times…
D. American Involvement Grows
1. The Arsenal Democracy
a. Lend-Lease Act = sell weapons to England and
France
b. “Protect Democracy”
2. Atlantic Charter
a. Roosevelt and Churchill meet to discuss ways to
defeat the Axis.
b. Set-up a permanent council…
E. Japan Attacks
1. Growing Tensions
a. Japan moves into French Indochina (Vietnam)
b. Embargo Act = stopped selling war materials to
Japan.
c. General Hideki believed the US was preventing
Japans growth.
2. Attack on Pearl Harbor
a. General Tojo ordered the attack on Pearl Harbor.
b. Dec. 7, 1941 – 2,400 + were killed on that island…
c. FDR – “a date which will live in infamy.”
F. Japanese Victories
1. All surrounding islands around the Pacific
2. Australia was the key in the Pacific…
Chapter 18 Section 3
The Global Conflict
A. Occupied Land
1. Nazi Europe
a. “Living Space” = expanding Nazi Aryan race throughout
Europe.
b. Eastern Europe = Slavs were labor slaves in war factories.
2. Nazi Genocide
a. Targets were Jews, mentally handicapped, and Slavs.
b. Ghettos and concentration camps
c. “Final Solution” Genocide = inferior people.
d. Auschwitz, Treblinka, and Sobibor (Poland)
B. The Allied War Effort
1. US, Br., and USSR distrusted one another on their goals
2. Tehran Conference = meeting with the Big three
*Stalin wanted an Allied invasion in France (two-front war)
3. Total War
a. All efforts of the war was placed on the people.
b. Japanese internment camps = imprisoned japanese
americans.
4. Women Help Win the War
a. Rosie the Rivoter - propaganda poster
b. Women built ships, tanks, and planes.
C. Turning point
1. El Alemein
a. General Montgomery turned the tide in African at the
Battle of
El Alemein.
b. US moved troops from the west (Morocco) *General
Patton
2. Invasion of Italy
a. 1943- US and Britain led an invasion in Sicily
b. Italians captured Mussolini and allies forces pushed
through Italy
D. The Red Army Resists
1. Germans stalled outside of Moscow and Leningrad
2. Stalingrad
a. Germans encircled the town… but winter had set in.
b. After Stalingrad, Soviet Union went on an offensive
attack.
E. Invasion of France
Dieppe
Normandy
Chapter 18 Section 4
Toward Victory
War in the Pacific
1. Japan controlled the Philippines (Bataan Death March)
2. Doolittle Raids –
3. Turning Points: Battle of Coral Sea and Midway)
4. Island-hopping
5. General MacArthur took back the Philippines.
The Nazis Defeat
1. The Allies Advance
a. Battle of the Bulge – Germany counterattack.
b. Germany was declining and attempts of assassination of
Hitler’s life.
c. Around the clock bombing
2. The End in Europe
* FDR died on April 12, 1945
a. V-E day May 7, 1945
B. Defeat of Japan
1. Invasion Versus the Bomb
a. Kamikaze = pilots who undertook suicide missions.
b. FDR died on April 12, 1945
c. July 1945 first successful test of the atomic bomb.
2. Potsdam Conference
a. Post-WW II developments - divide Germany into four
Zones.
b. Stalin knew about the atomic bomb before Pres. Truman
3. Hiroshima and Nagasaki
a. Manhatten Project led by Prof. Oppenheimer
b. Many Scientists were against the bomb
c. 3 Options for the bomb
Why?
1. End
2. power = USSR
Chapter 18 Section 5
From the War to Cold War
A. Aftermath of War
1. War Crimes Trials
a. Nuremberg Trials = 177 Germans and Austrians were tried.
b. Death Sentence
B . The United Nations
1. 50 Nations drafted a charter
2. Security Council (15 members)
3. Permanent Members (5 members)
4. Peacekeeping
C. Cold War
1. “Iron Curtain”
2. Soviet Union vs. United States
D. New Conflicts Develop
1. Truman Doctrine
2. Marshall Plan
3. Berlin Airlift
4. Arms Race
5. Military Alliance NATO vs. Warsaw