Download THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Inhale. Exhale. Feel the air move out of your body.
The respiratory system has to do with breathing. The
nose, nasopharynx (the space behind the nose and
mouth), the trachea (windpipe), and a pair of lungs are
the organs. Breathing involves bringing oxygen to the
body and sending carbon dioxide out. When we inhale,
we suck air in through our nose or mouth, down the
trachea (windpipe) and into two large, spongy, pinkish
lungs. The nasal (nose) passages have tiny hairs (cilia) and sticky mucus that
catch dirt. Cold air is warmed before it gets to the lungs. When we exhale, we
push air out of the lungs. A large muscle in the chest (the diaphragm) contracts
and lengthens to cause the breathing action. The trachea splits into two tubes.
One tube goes into one lung, and the other tube goes into the other lung. The
tube divides into smaller tubes or tunnels. This is called a bronchial tree. At the
3nd of the branch are six million air sacs surrounded by tiny blood vessels.
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Oxygen from the air in the lungs moves into the blood. The oxygen-rich blood
goes from the lungs to the heart. The heart pumps it to all parts of the body.
Blood carries carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs. Then it is exhaled.
The Game: Write a good sentence telling how you think smoking keeps
your lungs from doing their job.
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172
Understanding the Human Body
Respiratory S^T*
The Respiratory System
Webwise: http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/health-and-human-body/humanbody/lungs-article.html
Your respiratory system has two main jobs.
# 1 : Take in oxygen from the air to pass to the blood so that it can reach each cell in the
body
#2: Remove waste gases that come from the body's cells
Quick Overview of Breathing Process
Step 1:
Your diaphragm contracts and moves down as you
breathe in.
Step 1a': As yoti' inhale, air enters your body through the nose
and mouth.
Step 2:
Air then travels down through the trachea and into the
lungs.
Step 3:
Two bronchi branch off the trachea and carry the oxygen
further into the lungs.
Step 4 :
Thousands of tiny tubes called bronchioles branch off
from the bronchi and carry the oxygen even deeper into the lungs.
Step 5:
The oxygen then inflates the millions of tiny air sacs called alveoli, which are clustered
at the ends of the bronchioles.
Step 6:
Oxygen passes from the air into the capillaries that surround the alveoli, where it can
return to the heart and be pumped throughout the body.
Step 7:
The waste gas carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the alveoli, where it is
expelled from the body as you exhale.
Step 7a: Your diaphragm expands and moves up as you breathe out.
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Understanding the Human Body
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Name:
Respiratory System
•
Date:
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Breathing vs. Respiration
Far Out Fact;
Average adults have around 600 million alveoli in their lungs.
Aren't breathing and respiration the same thing? No!
Breathing is the process where fresh - air is brought into the lungs, bringing oxygen to the
circulatory system and the cells, and stale air is removed from the lungs, expelling the carbon
dioxide wastes produced by the cells.
Respiration is a process that takes place within the cells. The digestive system produces
glucose in the cells from digested food. Oxygen combines with glucose in a chemical reaction
that releases energy. This process is called respiration. A waste product of respiration is carbon
dioxide, which is carried back to your lungs and expelled when you exhale.
Circle the fact that is true in each pair.
1.
a. Fresh air entering your lungs and stale air
leaving is part of breathing.
' b. Fresh '"air entering your lungs and stale air
leaving is part of respiration.
2. a. Respiration happens in the lungs,
b. Respiration happens in the cells.
3. a. Expelling carbon dioxide produces energy
during respiration,
b; A chemical reaction between oxygen and
glucose produces energy during respiration.
4.
a. Respiration involves three systems: respiratory, circulatory, and digestive,
b. Respiration involves only the respiratory system.
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Understanding the Human Body
Respiratory System
Respiratory Parts and Pieces
F a r O u t F a c t ; You breathe in and out about 22,000 times per day.
Webwise: www.innerbody.com (click on respiratory system)
Learn more about each of the specific organs and tissues involved in the respiratory
process by studying the information on this page and page 50. Then use the information to
complete the puzzle on page 51.
Nasal cavity: Air enters your nose through two holes called nostrils,
as well as through your mouth, and enters your nasal cavity. Tiny
hairs called cilia trap dust from the air, and mucus that lines your
nasal cavity traps even more dirt, pollen, and other materials you
don't want in your lungs. As the air passes through your nasal cavity,
it is warmed from the tiny blood vessels in your nose and moistened.
The materials filtered out by the mucus and hairs are moved by
the cilia to the back of the throat where they can be swallowed or
sometimes coughed or sneezed out.
Pharynx (also called the throat): This is a tube that connects Jo the trachea. Cilia
in the pharynx continue the job of filtering dirt, dust, or bacteria'that wasn't caught
before.
Epiglottis: This is a flap of tissue at the end of the pharynx that covers the top of
the glottis (the opening between your vocal cords) when you swallow—making
sure your food goes down your esophagus and into your stomach and not down
your trachea and into your lungs.
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ry
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Larynx (also called the voice box): Your vocal cords are attached to this airway.
When you speak, whisper, yell, or sing, your muscles tighten and loosen the vocal
cords. When air from your lungs passes over them, they vibrate and different
pitches of sound are produced.
Trachea (also called the windpipe): Air travels down this tube on its way to the
lungs. It is also lined with mucus and cilia to continue to trap dirt, dust, and other
materials. C-shaped rings of cartilage keep the trachea open at all times. They
are the bumps you feel if you tilt your head back and rub your hand up and down
your neck.
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Respiratory System
Understanding the Human Body
Respiratory Parts and Pieces (cont.)
Far
Oat Fact;
Your left l o n g is smaller than your right lung to leave room for your
heart.
Lungs: These are two cone-shaped Organs filled with layers of
what look like spongy material. It is actually an intricate latticework
of tubes. The right lung has three lobes, and the left has only two
(to leave room for the heart). The lungs consist of the bronchi, the
bronchioles, and the alveoli.
Bronchi: The base of the trachea splits info
two tubes called bronchi (each one alone is a
bronchus). These tubes carry the air you breathe
further into the lungs.
Bronchioles: Each bronchi branches off further into thousands of smaller and
smaller tubes that carry the air even further into the lungs.
Alveoli: These are clusters of tiny air sacs at the end of the smallest
bronchioles. They are extremely thin (only one cell thick) and are
surrounded by capillaries. Oxygen from the air diffuses (passes) from
the alveoli into the capillaries where it can travel back to the heart and the
body cells. Carbon dioxide waste from the blood cells diffuses from the
capillaries into the alveoli, where it can be expelled from the lungs when
you exhale.
Diaphragm: This is a muscle that sits just below the lungs, separating
them from the abdomen. This muscle contracts and relaxes as you
breathe. As you inhale, the diaphragm contracts and moves down,
increasing the volume of your chest cavity so there is room for your
lungs to fill with air. As you exhale, the diaphragm relaxes and moves
up, pushing air out of your lungs and returning them to their original
position.
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Name
-
. Respiratory
system
A Breathtaking System
An adult's lungs can hold five quarts of air! How large a balloon do you
think it would take to hold that much air?
When you breathe in air
through your nose and mouth, you
get oxygen. You need oxygen to
live. The air goes down your windpipe and into your lungs. Your
lungs absorb oxygen from the air.
The oxygen travels in the blood to
every part ofthe body.
Your body uses oxygen to burn
food and to give you energy. You
make carbon dioxide when you do
this. The blood carries the carbon
dioxide back to the lungs. Then i t
is breathed out. This whole process is called respiration.
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Directions: Use one word from the text to complete the statements.
1. You need
to live.
2. You take in air through the nose or the
.
3. The air you breathe in goes down your
and into
your lungs.
4. The words in the text that mean "to inhale" are
:
5. The oxygen you breathe in travels in the
to every
part of your body.
6. When you breathe in, you take in
;
:
7. When you breathe out, you get rid of
:—
8. Your body uses oxygen to burn
'.
9. The blood carries the carbon dioxide back to the lungs, and i t is
'
out.
10. The process of breathing in and out is called
.
Fascinating Facts About The Human Body—Grades 4-6 • ©1995 The Education Center, Inc. • TEC370
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Name
.—_—.
Respiratory
system
A Breathtaking System
Directions: Use the number code to label and color the diagram ofthe respiratory system.
1. You take in air through your nasal passage. Color it green.
2. The pharynx connects your mouth and nasal passages. Color it yellow.
3. The epiglottis is the flap of cartilage behind your tongue. It helps
close the opening to your windpipe when you swallow. Color it red.
4. The larynx is made of
muscle and cartilage!>
It is where your vocal
cords are located.
Color i t browirr
5. The trachea is a tube 1
that serves as the
main passageway for
air to and from the
lungs. Color it purple.
6. The alveoli are tiny
air sacs at'the ends of
the bronchioles.
Color them red.
7. The diaphragm is a
wall of muscle and
connecting tissue.
Color it gray.
8. The lungs absorb
oxygen from the air
you breathe. Color the
left lung blue.
Research: Your right and left lungs are not identical. Find out how they are different.
Bonus: Sit quietly and hsten to your breathing. Count how many times you breathe
in and out each minute. Stand up and do 25 jumping jacks. Then count your breaths
again. How does exercise affect breathing? Write a true, statement about this.
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Fascinating Facts About The Human Body— Grades 4-6 • ©1995 The Education Center, I n c TEC370
. Respiratory
Name.
system
Catch Your Breath!
Directions: Use the number code to label and color the diagram of the breathing
mechanism.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Color the
Color the
Color the
Color the
Color the
Color the
alveoli purple.
alveolus surrounded by capillaries red.
right lung yellow.
left lung orange.
trachea green.
diaphragm blue.
Research: Find out about the Hering-Breur reflex. Write a sentence about it.
Bonus: Ask a parent or sibling to count and record how many breaths you take
each minute for ten minutes while you are sleeping. How does this compare to
the number you took while you were awake? Jump rope for three minutes. Then
count and record the number of breaths you take each minute for ten minutes.
How does the number of breaths per minute change over the ten-minute period?
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Fascinating Facts About The Human Body—Grades 4-6 • ©1995 The Education Center, Inc. • TEC370