Download Scientific Vocabulary - Saint Mary`s University

Science Vocabulary Many words commonly used in conversational or academic English have different meanings in the context of science writing. It's important to use these words correctly to avoid confusing or misleading the reader. Some of these problematic words, and their scientific usages, are given below. Word or Phrase Commonly found in Definition and guidelines Hypothesis Introduction or A proposed explanation for an observed Discussion phenomenon. A hypothesis can be experimentally tested. Theory Introduction or A hypothesis that has been thoroughly tested Discussion and is supported by so much experimental evidence it is generally accepted as true. Model Introduction or A physical, mathematical or conceptual Discussion framework that shares key characteristics with a natural object or phenomenon. Used to explore, explain, or predict the real thing. Accurate Results Refers to how closely an experimental measurement reflects the true value. Precise Results Indicates a high degree of similarity between repeated measurements. Significant Results Commonly used as a synonym for "important." In scientific writing, implies "statistically significant," meaning a high probability that an observed effect is real (as opposed to merely chance). Should always be accompanied by a p-­‐
value (e.g. p = 0.05). Correlation Results The degree of similarity in the way two variables change. A statistical calculation expressed as an R value. Two variables can be correlated in the absence of a causal relationship. Cause Results Indicates that one variable changes as a result of change in the other variable. The data Discussion Implies that the evidence is consistent with the support/suggest explanation presented, but other possibilities exist that could not be ruled out. The data indicate Discussion Implies a high level of certainty that the proposed explanation is most likely to be the correct one. Proof Discussion Absolute certainty that a conclusion is correct. Used in mathematics and logic, but not generally applicable in science writing. © The Writing Centre, Saint Mary’s University, 2014 This handout is for personal use only. Reproduction prohibited without permission.