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Date Class Name The Civil War Section I \ al MAIN IDEAS l. Following the outbreak of war at Fort Sumter, Americans chose sides. 2. The Union and the Confederacy prepared for war. Key Terms and People Fort Sumter federal post in Charleston, South Carolina, that surrendered to the Confederacy border states four slave states-Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri-that bordered the North Wnfield Scott Union general with a two-part strategy for defeating the Confedetaq cotton diplomacy Confederate plan to enlist England's aid in return for continued cotton shipments Section Summary AMERICANS CHOOSE SIDES After being elected in 1861, Abraham Lincoln took office as seven southern states left the Union. He promised he would not end slavery where it existed. However, he also promised to preserve the Union. Confederate officials already were taking control of federal mints, arsenals, and forts. Fighting finally broke out at Fort Sumter, a federal fort in the troops Within Confederate state of South Carolina. Federal refirsed to surrender to the Confederary. two days, Fort Sumter fell. Lincoln called for 75,000 so'th reactto Limoln'r eletlion to the How did the presidency? How did Lincoln rspond to the sunender of Fort Sunter? militiamen to put down the South's rebellion. After Lincoln called for troops, all the states had to choose a side. Four more slave states joined the Confederary. Four border states-slave states that bordered the North-decided to stay in the Union. In addition, western Virginia broke off from Confederate Virginia to stay in the Union. Union General Winfield Scott had a two-part strategy to conquer the South. First he would destroy its economy with a naval blockade. Secorrd Coplnight o by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. 135 lnteractive Reader and Study Guide Date Class Section l, continued he would gain control of the Mississippi River to help divide the South. The Confederacy had its own plan of attack. Part of that plan involved cotton diplomacy-the hope that Britain would support the confed..ury b..u.rr. it needed Confederate cotton. This strategy did not tilhydidnt totton diplomacy work because Britain had large stores of cotton and got more from India and Egypt. PREPARING FOR WAR Neither side was prepared for the war to come. However, many citizens*northern and southernwere eager to help. Thousands upon thousands of young men answered the call to arms and volunteered to serve in both armies. Civilians, too, volunteered to help. They raised money to aid soldiers and their ru*iti.r. They staffed and supplied emergency hospitals. In the Union along about 3,000 women served as army nurses. F what ways did cMlians help he war effort? Once the thousands of farmers, teachers,laborers, and others joined the armies, they had to be trained to become soldiers. They spent long days drilling and practicing with their guns and bayonets. As a result, many young soldiers were ready to fight. CHAIIENGE ACTMTY Critical Thinking Wdte to lnfluence Write an advertisement encouraging people to support the soldiers by coming to a fundraising event. Coppight o by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. 136 Interactive Reader and Study Cuide