Download The Louisiana Purchase and the Lewis and Clark Expedition

The Louisiana Purchase Unit 2: U.S. Expansion Objec;ves: 1.  Explain why control of the Mississippi River was important to the United States. 2.  Describe how the United States purchased Louisiana. 3.  Iden;fy the achievements of the explora;ons of Lewis and Clark and of Zebulon Pike. I. Control of the Mississippi River A. Farmers west of the Appalachians shipped their crops on the Mississippi River to New Orleans. From there, ships carried the produce to Atlan;c ports. I. Control of the Mississippi River (con’t) B.  Spain controlled New Orleans. Some;mes they threatened to close the port. In the Pinckney Treaty of 1795, Spain agreed to let Americans ship their goods down the Mississippi to New Orleans. C.  In 1800, Spain gave Louisiana back to France. Napoleon wanted to grow food in Louisiana for use in their island colonies. I. Control of the Mississippi River (con’t) D.  Events in Hai;, a French colony in the Caribbean, ruined his plans. Enslaved Africans, led by Toussaint L’Ouverture, revolted and declared their independence. E.  To ensure control of the Mississippi River, President Thomas Jefferson decided to try to buy New Orleans from France. II. Buying Louisiana A.  Jefferson sent Robert Livingston and James Monroe to try to buy the city of New Orleans from Napoleon Bonepart, the ruler of France. B.  Jefferson knew the French leader needed money for his wars in Europe and the defeat of the French in Hai; may persuade Napoleon to sell New Orleans. II. Buying Louisiana (con’t) C.  Livingston and Monroe met with the French foreign minister, Tallyrand. A]er some ;me, he asked them if they would like to buy all of the Louisiana Territory rather than just New Orleans. D.  Surprised by the French offer Livingston at first offered $4 million. Eventually, he and Monroe agreed to $15 million. The purchase would assure the United States controlled the Mississippi. II. Buying Louisiana (con’t) E.  No one was sure the purchase was cons;tu;onal because the Cons;tu;on did not specifically say the president could buy land. In the end, Jefferson decided that he did have the authority to buy Louisiana. The Senate approved the treaty, and the Louisiana Purchase went into effect. III. The Lewis and Clark Expedi;on A.  To learn more about the newly purchased lands, President Jefferson planned a journey of discovery, known as an expedi;on. B.  The purpose of this expedi;on was: 1.  to map a route across the Louisiana Purchase to the Pacific Ocean 2.  to study the territory’s geography—land, climate, plants, and animals 3.  to learn about the Indian na;ons who lived there III. The Lewis and Clark Expedi;on (con’t) C.  To lead this expedi;on, Jefferson appointed Meriwether Lewis and his long;me friend William Clark. D.  An addi;onal 50 men also made up the expedi;on. These men were all known together as the “Corp of Discovery”. III. The Lewis and Clark Expedi;on (con’t) E.  Lewis and Clark le] from St. Louis in May, 1804 and crossed the plains by way of the Missouri River. Sacagawea, a Shoshone woman, and her husband agreed to accompany the party as translators. III. The Lewis and Clark Expedi;on (con’t) F.  The Shoshones showed Lewis and Clark the best route over the Rockies. Lewis and Clark crossed the Con;nental Divide, the high mountain ridge that separates river systems flowing toward opposite sides of the con;nent. III. The Lewis and Clark Expedi;on (con’t) G.  The party built canoes and floated down the Columbia River to the Pacific Ocean. H.  The return trip back to St. Louis took another year, returning in 1806. IV. Pike Explores the West A.  Before Lewis and Clark returned, another explorer, Zebulon Pike, led an expedi;on to other areas of the West. B.  The purpose of the journey was to explore the upper Mississippi River, the Arkansas River, and parts of present-­‐day Colorado and New Mexico. The Journey’s of Lewis and Clark and Zebulon Pike IV. Pike Explores the West C.  During the journey through Colorado and New Mexico, Pike accidentally entered into Spanish territory. Spanish troops arrested Pike and his men and took them into Mexico. D.  The party was later escorted through Texas back to the United States but all maps and journals were confiscated by the Spanish. V. Achievements of the Expedi;ons 1.  Greater understanding of the geography of the western lands. 2.  Knowledge of the resources of the lands. 3.  Knowledge of plants and wildlife. 4.  Established rela;onships with na;ve peoples for the purpose of trade. 5.  Mapped routes of travel for future seklers. 6.  Laid the founda;ons for Westward Expansion