Download (pages 162-165) PART 1 Chapter 6

Name_____________________________________
Objective 1- Reading guide (pages 162-165) PART 1
Chapter 6-1 Forces in the Earth’s Crust
1. Stress is the force that acts on a rock to change its ___________ or _______________.
2. Stress adds energy in the rock until it changes ______________________ or ____________________.
Types of Stress
1. Three kinds of stress can occur in the crust - ____________, __________________, and
__________________.
2. Tension, compression and shearing work over millions of years to change the ______________ and
________________ of rock.
3. These forces cause some rocks to become ___________ and snap.
Tension
1. The stress force called _____________ pulls on the crust, ______________ rock so it becomes
___________________ in the middle.
Compression
1. The stress force called __________________________ squeezes rock until it __________________ or breaks.
Shearing
1. Stress that pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions is called _____________.
2. _________________causes rock to break and slip apart or to change its shape.
Kinds of Faults
1. When enough ____________________ builds up in rock, the rock breaks creating a
_________________________.
2. A _______________is a break in a rock of the crust where rock surfaces slip past each other.
3. Most faults occur along __________________ __________________________, where forces of plate motion
push or pull the crust so much that the crust breaks.
4. There are ___________ main types of faults: __________________, _________________________,
__________________________.
Normal Faults
1. ______________________ in earth’s crust pulls rock apart, causing _______________
___________________.
2. In a _________________fault, the fault is at an angle, so one block of rock lies above the fault while the other
block of rock lies below the fault.
3. The block of rock that lies above the fault is called the ________________ _______________.
4. The block of rock that lies below the fault is called the ________________ ________________.
5. When movement occurs along a ____________ fault, the hanging wall slips ______________________.
6. Normal faults occur where plates _____________________, or pull apart.
7. Normal faults occur along the Rio Grande ________________ _______________ in New Mexico, where two
pieces of Earth’s crust are under _________________________.
Reverse Faults
1. In places where rock of the crust is pushed together, _____________________ causes _________________
faults to form.
2. A reverse fault has the same structure as a normal fault, but the blocks move in the opposite direction.
3. The rock forming the ______________ _____________ of a reverse fault slides ____________ and over the
________________.
4. Movement along reverse faults produced part of the Northern __________ _____________ in the Western
United States and Canada.
Strike-Slip Faults
1. In places where plates move past each other, ______________ creates _________________ ____________
faults.
2. A ________________ _____________________ fault that forms the boundary between two plates is called a
_______________ boundary.
3. The __________ __________________ fault in California is an example of a strike slip fault that is a transform
boundary.
Name________________________________________
Objective 2 - Reading guide (pages 165-168) PART 2
Chapter 6-1 Forces in the Earth’s Crust
Changing Earth’s Surface
1. Over millions of years, the forces of plate movement can change a flat plain into landforms such as
____________________ and _______________, __________________ mountains,
_____________-_______________ mountains, and ________________________.
Folding Earth’s Crust
1. Rock stressed by _____________________ may ________________ without breaking.
2. __________________________ are bends in rock that form when compression shortens and thickens part of
the Earth’s crust
3. A _____________ can be only a few ____________________ across or hundreds of ___________________
wide.
4. A fold in a rock that bends ______________ into an arch is an ___________________.
5. A fold in a rock that bends _____________________ to form a valley is a _______________.
6. __________________________ and ___________________________ are found in many places where
compression has occurred.
7. The Central _______________________ Mountains in Pennsylvania are folded mountains made up of
_____________________ and _________________________.
8. The ________________________ of two plates can cause _________________ and folding of the crust over a
wide area.
9. Folding has produced some of the largest mountains ranges. The __________________ in Asia and the Alps
in Europe formed from plate collisions.
Stretching Earth’s Crust
1. When two _______________ ____________________ cut through a block of rock, a ________________
_______________________ mountain forms.
2. Where two plates move away from each other, ____________ forces create many ______________ faults.
3. When two of these normal faults form parallel to each other a block of rock is left lying between them . As
the ________________________of each normal fault slips______________________, the block in between
moves up, forming a _____________________ ______________________ mountain.
Uplifting Earth’s Crust
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The forces that raise mountains can also uplift, or raise, _____________________.
A _________________________ is a large area of flat land elevated high above sea level.
Some _____________________form when forces of Earth’s crust push up a large, flat block of rock.
A plateau consists of many different flat layers, and is ____________ than it is ____________.
Forces _______________the crust uplifted the Colorado Plateau in the “four corners” region in Arizona.