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2nd Nine Weeks Study Guide ___1.The order of the bases along a gene determines the order in which ___2.What does messenger RNA do during protein synthesis? ___3.What do transfer RNA molecules do during protein synthesis? ___4.What is a mutation? ___5.Where does protein synthesis take place? ___6.Which nitrogen base in RNA is NOT part of DNA? ___7.Which of these is NOT a function of the cardiovascular system? ___8.Needed substances are carried to the body cells by ___9.The function of the atria is to ___10.What is the function of the group of cells in the heart called the pacemaker? ___11.Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called ___12.When blood flows into the right atrium from the body, it contains ___13.In which vessels are materials exchanged between the blood and the body cells? ___14.Which component of blood carries oxygen to the body cells? ___15.If a person’s blood lacked platelets, what process could not take place? ___16.Which of these heart structures prevents blood from flowing backward? ___17.When the ventricles contract, blood is pumped ___18.Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs? ___19.Which component of blood is 90 percent water? ___20.The function of white blood cells is to ___21.How many loops does the human circulatory system contain? ___22.Messages are carried back and forth between the brain and other parts of the body by ___23.Which organ system makes blood cells? ___24.Which type of human body tissue can contract, or shorten? ___25.Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeleton? ___26.What kind of motion is possible with a hinge joint? ___27.Which type of muscle is found only in the heart? ___28.How do pairs of skeletal muscles work together? ___29.Skeletal muscles must work in pairs because ___30.A strong connective tissues that holds movable joints together is a ___31.When the nervous system makes you feel hungry or thirsty, what body process is it helping to carry out? ___32.A change or signal in the environment that can make an organism react is called a(n) ___33.What part of a neuron carries nerve impulses away from the cell body? ___34.A motor neuron sends an impulse to ___35.The somatic nervous system controls ___36.An automatic response of the body that occurs very rapidly and without conscious control is called a(n) ___37.In some reflex actions, skeletal muscles contract without the involvement of ___38.Suppose that you close a window because you notice that rain is falling. Your action in closing the window is a(n) ___39.A synapse is the space between ___40.The brain and spinal cord make up the ___41.The process in which a strand of mRNA forms from a parent strand of DNA is known as: ___42.The process in which an entirely new DNA molecule forms form a parent molecule is known as: ___43.A nucleotide consists of: ___44.A ___ hydrogen bond forms between cytosine and guanine. ___45.What makes up the “sides” of a DNA molecule? ___46.What makes up the “rungs” of a DNA molecule? ___47.Who were the scientists responsible for publishing the first accurate model of a DNA molecule? ___48.A DNA molecule’s shape is commonly referred to as a: ___49.Where in the cell is DNA located? ___50.DNA contains the instructions for your body’s production of: