Download Chapter 17 section 2 note sheet

U.S. History II Chapter 17 Section 2 The Spanish­American War (p. 589­596) Setting the Stage for War 1. Displays of the United States Power • In 1891, an angry Chilean mob attacked American sailors in Valparaiso, killing ________ and injuring ____________. • The U.S. forced Chile to pay $_______________ to the families of the sailors. • In 1893, President Cleveland sent troops to ______________ to protect American shipping interests during a rebellion. • The U.S. also demanded that Great Britain respect the __________________________ and agree to arbitration to settle a dispute over a piece of territory between Venezuela and British Guiana. 2. The Cuban Revolution • Cuba first rebelled against Spain in _______________. • After 10 years of fighting, the Spanish put reforms in place to appease the Cuban people. • In ______________, the Cubans rebelled again. • Spain sent their best general and ____________ troops to put down the rebellion. • Thousands of Cubans were put into guarded _______________ to prevent them from aiding the rebels. • Cuban exiles in the U.S. asked the U.S. to intervene, but both President ____________________ and ______________________ refused. • Cuban guerillas began to destroy American _________________ plantations and mills in Cuba to force the U.S. to act. 3. Yellow Journalism • A fierce competition broke out for readers between the New York World, published by __________________________, and the New York Morning Journal, published by __________________________________________. • Both newspapers reported exaggerated and sometimes false stories about events in _________________ to increase circulation. • The sensationalized stories whipped up American public opinion in favor of the Cuban rebels. Spanish­American War 1. Steps to War • In 1898, riots erupted in ___________________________. • President McKinley responded by sending the battleship U.S.S. _______________ into the city’s harbor to protect American citizens and property. • The De Lome Letter o In February, American newspapers published a letter from the Spanish Ambassador to Washington, _____________________________. o It criticized McKinley as “weak and a bidder for the admiration of the crowd.” • The Explosion of the Maine o On February 15, an explosion sank the Maine, killing more than ________________ American sailors. o The blast might have been caused by an accidental ____________ that set off ammunition, but the public blamed ________________. o The Spanish wanted to enter into arbitration to determine if they were responsible, but the American public called for war. • Preparing in the Philippines o The people of the ______________________ were rebelling against Spain. o On February 25, the Assistant Secretary of the Navy, ____________________________________ cabled naval commanders with instructions to prepare for war. o McKinley cancelled the cables except for one to Admiral _______________________________, who was told to attack the Spanish fleet if war broke out with Spain. • McKinley’s War Message o In March, McKinley sent a list of demands to Spain, including compensation for the _____________, an end to re‐concentration camps, a truce in Cuba, and Cuban _______________________________. o Spain accepted all but the last demand. o McKinley decided he could not resist the growing cries for war. o On _____________________, he sent a war message to Congress. o A few days later, Congress recognized Cuban independence and authorized force against Spain. 2. “A Splendid Little War” • On __________________, 1898, Admiral Dewey launched a surprise attack on Spanish ships in __________________________, destroying Spain’s entire Spanish fleet in seven hours. • In Cuba, the Spain’s Atlantic fleet was quickly bottled up in ____________________. • American troops gathered in _____________________________ to prepare to invade Cuba. • The most famous group was the First Volunteer Cavalry, or the ________________________________, led by Theodore Roosevelt. • On July 1, 1898, Roosevelt led the Rough Riders on a charge up _____________________________ which became the most famous incident of the war. • On July 3, the Spanish fleet tried to escape ______________________ harbor. The U.S. sank every ship. • ___________________ Americans died in the war – _______________ in battle, the rest from food poisoning, malaria, yellow fever, and inadequate medical care. 3. The Treaty of Paris • The Treaty of Paris was signed in _______________________. • The Spanish government recognized Cuba’s independence. • The U.S. received the ______________________, _________________________ and ___________ for a payment of $____________million. • The Treaty was ratified by the Senate by just _______________ vote more than the 2/3 necessary. New Challenges After the War 1. Dilemma in the Philippines • President McKinley argued for the annexation of the Philippines. • When rebel leader _____________________________ declared the Philippines a republic in January 1899, the U.S. ignored him. • In February, a war broke out between the rebels and American forces. • It lasted _____________________ with _____________ Americans killed and ______________ wounded. • Over ___________________ Filipino rebels and 20,000 civilians were killed by Americans. • Fighting continued for years. The Philippines did not receive full independence until 1946. 2. The Fate of Cuba • The _________________ amendment had promised that the U.S. would not annex Cuba. • To protect American business interests after the war, President McKinley installed a military government led by General ____________________________. • It remained in place for ______ years, setting up a school system and restoring economic stability. • A commission led by ______________________________found a cure for yellow fever. • In 1900, the U.S. government authorized Cuba to draft a constitution. • The U.S. promised to remove its troops if the Cubans agreed to the ___________________________________. • The Platt Amendment stipulated that Cuba could not enter any foreign agreements, must allow the U.S. to establish naval bases as needed on the island, and must give the U.S. the right to intervene when necessary. 3. The United States and Puerto Rico • The U.S. maintained a military government until ______________. • With the passage of the _____________________ Act in 1900, the U.S. removed its military control and established a civil government. • To stop a growing independence movement, the U.S. granted Puerto Ricans ______________________________________ with the passage of the Jones Act in 1917. • Although Puerto Ricans could now elect their own legislatures, the U.S. retained the power to appoint key officials, such as the ________________________. Other Gains in the Pacific 1. Annexation of Hawaii • In 1887, Hawaii and the U.S. renewed a trade agreement that allowed _______________ to be sold in the U.S duty‐free. • Hawaii also leased ____________________________ to the U.S. as a naval base. • Hawaiian‐born planters forced King ___________________ to accept a new constitution that gave them control of the government. • When he died, his sister Queen __________________________took power and tried to reduce the power of foreign merchants. • With the help of the U.S. Marines, planter _________________________ removed her from power and requested that Hawaii be annexed by the U.S. • In 1898, Congress approved the annexation. 2. Samoa In 1878, the U.S had made an agreement to lease a naval base at _____________________. • When Britain and _______________________ began competing for control of the islands, it almost led to war. • Eventually a three‐way protectorate was formed in 1889. • When Great Britain withdrew in 1899, Germany and the U.S. divided up the Islands. 3. An Open Door China • China’s huge population led to vast markets for American trade by the late 1800’s. • Countries other than the U.S., such as Russia, Germany, ___________________, France, and _____________________ were seeking spheres of influence in China. • In 1899, Secretary of State _____________________ tried to convince the other European countries to keep an “open door policy” in China. • The Chinese resented foreign influence of any kind. • In 1900, the Righteous and Harmonious Fists (the ____________________) started a rebellion. • ______________ foreigners and Chinese Christians were massacred. • The Boxers were eventually defeated. • Fearing that the imperialist nations would use the rebellion as a reason to seize more Chinese Territory, Hay issued a second series of Open Door notes. Vocabulary Arbitration Jingoism Sphere of Influence Review Questions. 1. How did yellow journalism and jingoism influence Americans’ views of the Cuban Revolution? 2. What led the U.S. into war with Spain? 3. Why did the Spanish‐American War become known as the “splendid little war”? 4. Why did President McKinley want to annex the Philippines? Was he successful? 5. What was the Platt Amendment? 6. What methods did the U.S use to gain land and influence in the Pacific region? •