Download FinalExamReview2017 - Lacordaire Academy

Final Exam Review Subjects Biology and Biology Honors 2017
Proteins:
Properties of Amino Acids
How do amino acids combine to form proteins?
Structure:
1. Primary
2. Secondary
3. Tertiary
4. Quaternary
Enzymes:
● What does it mean to be a biological catalyst?
● What is activation energy?
● How do enzymes modify activation energy?
● How do pH and temperature affect enzyme function?
Genetics:
Meiosis:
● What are the steps of meiosis?
● What is synapsis (tetrad formation and homologous recombination)? What role does it play in genetic
diversity?
● When else is genetic diversity introduced?
● How do the final cells compare with the original cells?
● What do haploid, diploid, polyploid and aneuploid mean?
● How is meiosis different in males and females?
● What happens at fertilization? What roles does it play in genetic diversity?
Mendelian Genetics:
● Who was Gregor Mendel? How did he discover the properties of genetics?
● What does it mean to describe a trait as dominant or recessive?
● Define homozygous, heterozygous, purebred, hybrid, genotype and phenotype
● Know how to complete monohybrid and dihybrid Punnett Squares
Non Mendelian Genetics:
● What is incomplete dominance? How do the genotypes and phenotypes compare?
● What is codominance? How do the genotypes and phenotypes compare?
● What is epistasis? How do the genotypes and phenotypes compare?
● What are multiallelic traits? How do the genotypes and phenotypes compare?
● What are sex linked traits? How do the genotypes and phenotypes compare?
Evolution:
Evidence of evolution:
● Fossil record
● Homologous structures
● DNA evidence
Compare and contrast natural selection with artificial selection. What is selective pressure and what role does it
play in evolution?
What role does DNA replication play in evolution?
Ecosystems:
Define:
● Individual organism
● Population
● Community
● Ecosystem
● Biosphere
● Biotic Factors
● Abiotic Factors
● Trophic levels, food chains vs food webs
● Nutrient cycling
Bioenergetics:
Photosynthesis:
● What kinds of energy conversions occur in photosynthesis?
● How did photosynthesis evolve? What is the purpose of photosynthesis?
● In plants, where does photosynthesis occur?
● Explain the light dependent and independent reactions. How does the overall chemical equation for
photosynthesis correlate with the events in photosynthesis? What is chemiosmosis? What do the
photosystems do?
● What kinds of evolutionary adaptations to photosynthesis have occurred due to differing environments?
Cellular Respiration:
● What is the function of cellular respiration? Where does it occur?
● Explain glycolysis. What is the evidence that it evolved before aerobic cellular respiration?
● What is the Kreb’s Cycle and the Electron Transport chain in aerobic respiration? Where do they occur?
What is chemiosmosis?
● What is fermentation? Under what conditions does it occur?
● Compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic respiration.