Download Mid-Term Exam Study Guide Intro Unit 1. Caveat 2. Homo Sapiens 3

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Mid-Term Exam Study Guide
Intro Unit
1. Caveat
2. Homo Sapiens
3. Anatomical Modernity
4. Behavioral Modernity
5. Neolithic Agricultural Revolution
6. Nomadic
7. Sedentary
8. Economic Specialization
9. Homer
10. The Iliad
11. The Odyssey
12. Socrates
13. Plato
14. Aristotle
15. Impiety
16. Socratic Method
17. Ethics
18. Philosopher Kings
19. Metaphysics
20. Logic
21. Virtue
22. Athenian Democracy
23. Oligarchy
24. Dictatorship
25. Democratic Government
26. Authoritarian Government
27. The Allegory of the Cave
28. Pericles’ Funeral Oration
29. The Myth of Sisyphus
30. Ozymandius
31. Roman Aqueducts
32. Roman Republic
33. Cincinnatus
34. Roman Empire
35. Julius Caesar
36. Augustus
37. Constantine
38. Edict of Milan
39. Council of Nicaea
40. Edict of Thessalonica
41. Feudalism
42. Peasants
43. The Church
44. Thomas Aquinas
45. Aristotelian Logic
46. Magna Carta
47. Carolingian Family
48. Clovis
49. Charlemagne
50. “Holy Roman Emperor”
51. Social Mobility
52. The Great Schism
53. Council of Constance
54. The Black Death
55. Hundred Years’ War
56. Joan of Arc
57. The Crusades
58. Pope Urban II
59. Reconquista
60. Spanish Inquisition
61. Cultural Diffusion
Renaissance Art, Artists, and Causes
62. Janus
63. The Renaissance
64. Florence
65. Venice
66. Ottoman Empire
67. Alum
68. Patron
69. Medici Family
70. “Big Three” Artists
71. Classicism
72. Humanism
73. Perspective
74. Vanishing Point
75. Gothic Architecture
76. Northern Renaissance
77. Secularism
78. Rationalism
79. Individualism
Renaissance Literature
80. Divina Comedia (Divine Comedy)
81. Dante Alighieri
82. Il Principe (The Prince)
83. Niccolo Machiavelli
84. William Shakespeare
85. Vernacular
86. Proliferate / Proliferation
87. Theology
88. Universal Themes
89. Machiavellian
Age of Exploration / Columbian Exchange
90. Fall of Constantinople
91. Byzantine Empire
92. Prince Henry the Navigator
93. Bartolomeu Dias
94. Vasco de Gama
95. Ferdinand Magellan
96. Conquistadores
97. Hernan Cortes
98. Francisco Pizarro
99. Pre-Columbian
100.
Zheng He
101.
Columbian Exchange
102.
Smallpox
103.
Syphilis
104.
The Road Not Taken (Frost)
105.
Ideological
106.
Ecological
Scientific Revolution
107.
Johannes Gutenberg
108.
Geocentric
109.
Heliocentric
110.
Ptolemy
111.
Nicholaus Copernicus
112.
Johannes Kepler
113.
Galileo
114.
Capitulate
115.
Isaac Newton
116.
Newton’s Laws of Motion
117.
Francis Bacon
118.
Rene Descartes
Reformation
119.
The Reformation
120.
Indulgences
121.
Wittenberg
122.
Johann Tetzel
123.
Martin Luther
124.
95 Theses
125.
Pope Leo X
126.
Excommunicate
127.
John Calvin
128.
Pre-destination
129.
King Henry VIII
130.
Annul
131.
Anglican Church
132.
Anne Boleyn
133.
Act of Supremacy
134.
Anglican / Episcopal Church
Absolutism
135.
Absolutism
136.
Divine Right
137.
Mercantilism
138.
Bullion
139.
Protected Markets
140.
Hapsburg Family
141.
Charles V
142.
Holy Roman Empire
143.
Abdicate
144.
Philip II
145.
Treaty of Tordesillas
146.
Tudor Family
147.
Elizabeth I
148.
Sir Francis Drake
149.
Privateer
150.
The Spanish Armada
151.
The Netherlands
152.
Maritime
153.
Louis XIV
154.
Sun King
155.
Bourbon Family
156.
Fronde
157.
Intendants
158.
Palace of Versailles
159.
Levee
160.
Edict of Nantes
161.
Declaration of Clergy of France
162.
Jean Baptiste Colbert
163.
Code Louis
164.
Wars of Expansion (L14)
165.
Robert de La Salle
166.
Louisiana
167.
Stuart Dynasty
168.
English Civil War
169.
King Charles I
170.
Cavaliers
171.
Parliament
172.
Roundheads
173.
Commonwealth
174.
Oliver Cromwell
175.
Puritanical Laws
176.
Restoration
177.
King Charles II
178.
Glorious Revolution
179.
King James II
180.
William and Mary
181.
Constitutional Monarchy
182.
Thirty Years War
183.
Defenestrate
184.
Defenestration of Prague
185.
Peter the Great
186.
Ivan the Terrible
187.
Czar
188.
Journey to the West
189.
St. Petersburg
190.
Boyars
191.
Cutting of the Beards
Enlightenment
192.
Thomas Hobbes
193.
Leviathan
194.
John Locke
195.
Second Treatise on Government
196.
Montesquieu
197.
Rousseau
198.
On the Social Contract
199.
Adam Smith
200.
Wealth of Nations
201.
Mary Wollstonecraft
202.
203.
Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792)
Reactionary Politics
204.
The Enlightenment
205.
Philosophes
206.
Salons
207.
Natural laws
208.
Natural rights
209.
Status Quo
210.
Popular Sovereignty
211.
Social Contract
212.
Inalienable
213.
Deism
214.
General Will
215.
Capitalism
216.
Civil Liberties
French Revolution
217.
Three Estate System
218.
Tithe
219.
220.
What is the Third Estate?
221.
Louis XVI
222.
Marie Antoinette
223.
Seven Years War
224.
American Revolution
225.
French Debt
226.
Progressive Tax System
227.
Regressive Tax System
228.
Bread Riots
229.
Ancien Regime
230.
231.
Jacques Necker
232.
Estates General
233.
National Assembly
234.
Tennis Court Oath
235.
Storming of the Bastille
236.
Destruction of the Bastille (poem)
237.
Declaration of the Rights of Man
238.
Declaration of the Rights of Women
239.
Olympe De Gouges
240.
Jean-Paul Marat
241.
The People’s Friend
242.
Women’s March on Versailles
243.
The Moderate Phase
244.
Civil Constitution of the Clergy
245.
Tuileries
246.
Feign (to feign)
247.
Flight to Varennes
248.
Girondins
249.
Jacobins
250.
Radical
251.
Sans-Culottes
252.
Declaration of War with Austria
253.
Brunswick Manifesto
254.
Foreign War
255.
War of the First Coalition
256.
Counter-Revolutionaries
257.
Reign of Terror
258.
Committee of Public Safety
259.
Revolutionary Tribunals
260.
Georges Danton
261.
Robespierre
262.
Orator
263.
Charlotte Corday
264.
Death of Marat
265.
Martyr
266.
French Revolution Calendar
267.
Guillotine
268.
Execution of Louis XVI
269.
Execution of Marie Antoinette
270.
Execution of Robespierre
271.
Festival of the Supreme Being
272.
The Great Terror
273.
Thermidorian Reaction
274.
The Directory
275.
Napoleon Bonaparte
Big Questions
1. Was the Neolithic Agricultural Revolution the most important event in human history? Explain.
2. Describe the political and philosophical contributions of Ancient Greece. In what ways did the
Greeks lay the foundation for Western Civilization?
3. What were the main differences between Athens and Sparta?
4. In what ways did Rome model itself after Greece? How was it different?
5. Explain how Rome caused the death of democracy. Why is this important to the history of
Western Civilization?
6. Explain the early history of the Christian Church (during the Roman Empire).
7. How did Christianity spread throughout Europe, and how did this lead to the Middle Ages?
8. How did the Feudal System of the Middle Ages affect social mobility?
9. What was the only unifying political power during the Middle Ages (as well as the most
powerful institution)? How did this affect the time period?
10. How did the Black Death and the Great Schism damage the reputation of the Church?
11. What crises in the Later Middle Ages led to the unraveling of the Feudal System? Be sure to
focus on significance.
12. How did the Crusades contribute to the end of the Middle Ages and the rebirth of "high
civilization"?
13. What caused the “Renaissance”?
14. Why were Italian city-states rich in the late Middle Ages?
15. What themes can be seen in Italian Renaissance Art?
16. What new artistic techniques were developed during the Renaissance? (Examples)
17. How did Renaissance Literature differ from previous literature? Effects?
18. What was the significance of the Fall of Constantinople?
19. How did the Age of Exploration affect the global balance of power?
20. How did China and Europe differ in their approaches to exploration? Effects?
21. What were the major impacts of the Columbian Exchange? (Not just food!)
22. How did the invention of movable type affect Europe?
23. How did the advances in science and astronomy change man’s view of the world and man’s
relationship to God?
24. How did Martin Luther and Henry VIII each individually alter the power structure of Europe?
25. How can the Renaissance be seen as the beginning of our modern age?
26. Describe the relationship between Absolutism and the concept of Divine Right.
27. How did the Age of Exploration and Mercantilism increase the power of Absolute Monarchs?
28. What were the religious and political implications of the Spanish Armada?
29. How can Louis XIV be seen as the quintessential absolute monarch? How did he expand the
monarch’s power?
30. Describe the important political events in England during the 1600s. What were the results?
31. During the Age of Absolutism, England and France moved in two different political directions.
Explain.
32. How did the 30 Years’ War change the nature of politics in Europe?
33. What long-held beliefs did the Enlightenment thinkers challenge?
34. Describe the term “social contract” and explain how it explains the origin of politics.
35. How did the discoveries and methodology of the scientific revolution lead to the
enlightenment?
36. What type or types of government did the Enlightenment thinkers deem to be unjust? Which
did they deem to be just?
37. Describe the long-term financial situation of the French Monarchy in 18th century France? How
did this situation come about?
38. Describe the Three Estate System during the Ancein Regime. Why did the Third estate believe
they were treated unfairly?
39. How did the French people view Louis XVI & Marie Antoinette?
40. Why was the Third Estate so angry in 1789 (short-term causes)?
41. What events at the Estates-General caused the Third Estate to form their own legislature?
42. What is the significance of the Storming of the Bastille and the Women’s March on Versailles?
What can these early events in the French Revolution tell us about who had the true political
power in France?
43. How did the events of the French Revolution lead to the destruction of the Church’s political
power in France? Be specific.
44. From the Women’s March on Versailles to Louis XVI’s execution, the French people increasingly
viewed Louis XVI as a traitor and an “enemy of the revolution”. What actions and events led to
this shift in perception?
45. What effect did the forming of political factions have on the French Revolution? What parties
were formed, and how did they differ?
46. What role did Marat play in the French Revolution before and after his death?
47. How did the Foreign Wars impact the course of the French Revolution?
48. Why did Robespierre believe terror was necessary? How did he justify the use of terror? (Be
sure to include the threats to the revolution at the time)
49. Why did people turn against Robespierre? How can his death be seen as an example of poetic
justice?
50. Some have argued that the French Revolution is the most significant event in modern history.
What evidence (significance) can be cited to confirm this statement? How did the Revolution
change France, as well as the rest of Europe, forever?
Dates:
(Know the approximate dates of each)
Big Bang
Formation of the Earth
Artwork:
(Be able to identify the piece and the artist):
The Last Supper, Da Vinci
Life appearing on Earth
Mona Lisa, Da Vinci
Anatomical Modernity
Virgin of the Rocks, Da Vinci
Behavioral Modernity
Neolithic Agricultural Revolution
Vitruvian Man, Da Vinci
Ancient Greece
The Pieta, Michelangelo
Roman Republic
David, Michelangelo
Roman Empire
The Middle Ages
St. Peter’s Basilica, Michelangelo
The Renaissance
The Creation of Adam (Sistine
Explorers
Chapel), Michelangelo
Spanish Armada
English Civil War
English Restoration
Glorious Revolution
King Louis XIV’s reign
French Revolution
School of Athens, Raphael
Mond Crucifixion, Raphael
Madonna of the Meadow, Raphael
Wedding of the Virgin, Raphael
Index of Key Terms
“Big Three” Artists
“Holy Roman
Emperor”
95 Theses
Abdicate
Absolutism
Act of Supremacy
Adam Smith
Alum
American Revolution
Anatomical
Modernity
Ancien Regime
Anglican / Episcopal
Church
Anglican Church
Anne Boleyn
Annul
Aristotelian Logic
Aristotle
Athenian Democracy
Augustus
Authoritarian
Government
Bartolomeu Dias
Behavioral
Modernity
Bourbon Family
Boyars
Bread Riots
Brunswick Manifesto
Bullion
Byzantine Empire
Capitalism
Capitulate
Carolingian Family
Cavaliers
Caveat
Charlemagne
Charles V
Charlotte Corday
Cincinnatus
Civil Constitution of
the Clergy
Civil Liberties
Classicism
Clovis
Code Louis
Columbian Exchange
Committee of Public
Safety
Commonwealth
Conquistadores
Constantine
Constitutional
Monarchy
Corv
Council of Constance
Council of Nicaea
CounterRevolutionaries
Cultural Diffusion
Cutting of the Beards
Czar
Dante Alighieri
Death of Marat
Declaration of Clergy
of France
Declaration of the
Rights of Man
Declaration of the
Rights of Women
Declaration of War
with Austria
Defenestrate
Defenestration of
Prague
Deism
Democratic
Government
Destruction of the
Bastille (poem)
Dictatorship
Divina Comedia
(Divine Comedy)
Divine Right
Ecological
Economic
Specialization
Edict of Milan
Edict of Nantes
Edict of Thessalonica
Elizabeth I
English Civil War
Estates General
Ethics
Excommunicate
Execution of Louis
XVI
Execution of Marie
Antoinette
Execution of
Robespierre
Fall of
Constantinople
Feign (to feign)
Ferdinand Magellan
Festival of the
Supreme Being
Feudalism
Flight to Varennes
Florence
Foreign War
Francis Bacon
Francisco Pizarro
French Debt
French Revolution
Calendar
Fronde
Galileo
General Will
Geocentric
Georges Danton
Girondins
Glorious Revolution
Gothic Architecture
Guillotine
Hapsburg Family
Heliocentric
Hernan Cortes
Holy Roman Empire
Homer
Homo Sapiens
Humanism
Hundred Years’ War
Ideological
Il Principe
(The Prince)
Impiety
Inalienable
Individualism
Indulgences
Intendants
Isaac Newton
Ivan the Terrible
Jacobins
Jacques Necker
Janus
Jean Baptiste Colbert
Jean-Paul Marat
Joan of Arc
Johann Tetzel
Johannes Gutenberg
Johannes Kepler
John Calvin
John Locke
Journey to the West
Julius Caesar
King Charles I
King Charles II
King Henry VIII
King James II
Levee
Leviathan
Logic
Louis XIV
Louis XVI
Louisiana
Machiavellian
Magna Carta
Marie Antoinette
Maritime
Martin Luther
Martyr
Mary Wollstonecraft
Medici Family
Mercantilism
Metaphysics
Montesquieu
Napoleon Bonaparte
National Assembly
Natural laws
Natural rights
Neolithic
Agricultural
Revolution
Newton’s Laws of
Motion
Niccolo Machiavelli
Nicholaus
Copernicus
Nomadic
Northern
Renaissance
Oligarchy
Oliver Cromwell
Olympe De Gouges
On the Social
Contract
Orator
Ottoman Empire
Ozymandius
Palace of Versailles
Parliament
Patron
Peasants
Pericles’ Funeral
Oration
Perspective
Peter the Great
Philip II
Philosopher Kings
Philosophes
Plato
Pope Leo X
Pope Urban II
Popular Sovereignty
Pre-Columbian
Pre-destination
Prince Henry the
Navigator
Privateer
Progressive Tax
System
Proliferate /
Proliferation
Protected Markets
Ptolemy
Puritanical Laws
Radical
Rationalism
Reactionary Politics
Reconquista
Regressive Tax
System
Reign of Terror
Rene Descartes
Restoration
Revolutionary
Tribunals
Robert de La Salle
Robespierre
Roman Aqueducts
Roman Empire
Roman Republic
Roundheads
Rousseau
Salons
Sans-Culottes
Second Treatise on
Government
Secularism
Sedentary
Seven Years War
Sir Francis Drake
Smallpox
Social Contract
Social Mobility
Socrates
Socratic Method
Spanish Inquisition
St. Petersburg
Status Quo
Storming of the
Bastille
Stuart Dynasty
Sun King
Syphilis
Tennis Court Oath
The Allegory of the
Cave
The Black Death
The Church
The Crusades
The Directory
The Enlightenment
The Great Schism
The Great Terror
The Iliad
The Moderate Phase
The Myth of Sisyphus
The Netherlands
The Odyssey
The People’s Friend
The Reformation
The Renaissance
The Road Not Taken
(Frost)
The Spanish Armada
Theology
Thermidorian
Reaction
Thirty Years War
Thomas Aquinas
Thomas Hobbes
Three Estate System
Tithe
Treaty of Tordesillas
Tudor Family
Tuileries
Universal Themes
Vanishing Point
Vasco de Gama
Venice
Vernacular
Vindication of the
Rights of Women
(1792)
Virtue
War of the First
Coalition
Wars of Expansion
(L14)
Wealth of Nations
What is the Third
Estate?
William and Mary
William Shakespeare
Wittenberg
Women’s March on
Versailles
Zheng He