Download The Earth and its Layers

The Earth and its Layers
The Earth’s Structure
• A. Earth consists of a series of concentric
layers or spheres which differ in chemical and
physical properties.
The Earth’s Structure
• A. Earth consists of a series of concentric layers or spheres which differ in
chemical and physical properties.
• B. The compositional layers of the Earth are
the Crust, the Mantle, and the Core. The Core
is subdivided into a molten outer core and
solid iron inner core.
The Earth’s Structure
• C. Physical state is determined by the combined
effects of pressure and temperature.
The Earth’s Structure
•
C. Physical state is determined by the combined effects of pressure and temperature.
– 1. Increasing pressure raises the melting point of
a material.
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The Earth’s Structure
•
C. Physical state is determined by the combined effects of pressure and temperature.
– 1. Increasing pressure raises the melting point of a material.
– 2. Increasing temperature provides additional energy to
the atoms and molecules of matter allowing them to
move farther apart, causing the material to melt.
The Earth’s Structure
– 3. Both pressure and temperature increase toward the
center of the Earth, but at different rates. Density also
increases as you reach the center.
The Earth’s Structure
– 3. Both pressure and temperature increase toward the center of the Earth, but at
different rates. Density also increases as you reach the center.
– 4. Divisions of the Earth based upon physical state
(mechanical layers) are the Lithosphere, the
Asthenosphere, the Mesosphere, the Outer core, and
the Inner core.
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Isostacy
• Isostacy refers to the balance of an object when
“floating” on a fluid. This is best seen with ice in
water, or iceburgs in the ocean.
Isostacy
• This also happens to rocks in the Earth.
• BUT ROCKS AREN’T FLUIDS!
• If you put enough pressure on something, it will gradually act
like a fluid.
• There is A LOT of pressure in the Earth. As you move towards
the center of the earth, each layer gets denser than the last.
Earth’s crust is dynamic (moving)
Layers on Earth’s Surface
• Three fluid (meaning they move) spheres surround
the rocky portion of the Earth.
Layers on Earth’s Surface
• Three fluid (meaning they move) spheres surround the rocky portion of the Earth.
– 1. Hydrosphere includes all of the "free" water of the
Earth contained in the ocean, lakes, rivers, snow, ice,
water vapor, and groundwater.
Layers on Earth’s Surface
•
Three fluid (meaning they move) spheres surround the rocky portion of the Earth.
–
1. Hydrosphere includes all of the "free" water of the Earth contained in the ocean, lakes, rivers, snow, ice, water
vapor, and groundwater.
– 2. Atmosphere is the gaseous envelope that surrounds
the Earth and is mainly a mixture of nitrogen and
oxygen.
Layers on Earth’s Surface
•
Three fluid (meaning they move) spheres surround the rocky portion of the Earth.
–
–
1. Hydrosphere includes all of the "free" water of the Earth contained in the ocean, lakes, rivers, snow, ice, water vapor, and
groundwater.
2. Atmosphere is the gaseous envelope that surrounds the Earth and is mainly a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen.
– 3. Biosphere refers to all living and non-living organic
matter.
Layers on Earth’s Surface
•
Three fluid (meaning they move) spheres surround the rocky portion of the Earth.
–
–
–
1. Hydrosphere includes all of the "free" water of the Earth contained in the ocean, lakes, rivers, snow, ice, water vapor, and
groundwater.
2. Atmosphere is the gaseous envelope that surrounds the Earth and is mainly a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen.
3. Biosphere refers to all living and non-living organic matter.
– 4. Lithosphere includes all rock and land.
Layers on Earth’s Surface
• Create a chart in your notes to help distinguish the
layers of the Earth’s surface.
Layer
Biosphere
Hydrosphere
Atmosphere
Lithosphere
Visual/Picture
Description