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GEOLOGY 12 CHAPTER 12 TAKE-HOME QUIZ INTERNAL STRUCTURES AND PROCESSES PART B KEY Score Part B = _______ / 55 CHAPTER 12 Isostacy and Structural Geology 1. Using the terms below, label the following diagrams and place arrows on the drawings that show relative movement of the hanging wall and footwall. normal fault reverse fault thrust fault Normal Fault Thrust Fault Reverse Fault 2. Brittle rocks tend to _RUPTURE_ in response to stress. 3. Fractures in rock along which there is no movement or displacement are called __JOINTS__. 4. Fractures in rock along which movement has occurred are known as __FAULTS__. 5. When geologist talk about the __STRIKE__ of a rock layer, they refer to a compass direction measured parallel to the earth's surface. 6. When geologist talk about the ___DIP___ of a rock layer, they mean the tilt or angle of the layer, measured down from the horizontal plane. 7. If a geologist said that a dike was oriented N35° E, s/he would be telling you the __STRIKE__ of the dike. 8. Which type of faulting commonly occurs as a result of tensional (pulling apart) stresses. a. reverse fault b. normal fault c. thrust fault d. strike-slip fault 9. Faults which show vertical motion are described as a. dip-slip faults b. oblique faults c. thrust faults d. strike-slip faults 10. From the view of an observer facing a strike-slip fault, the displacement across the fault is such that features appear to have shifted to the left. What specific type of fault is this? a. reverse fault b. normal fault c. right-lateral fault d. left-lateral fault -2- 11. If the hanging wall has moved up relative to the footwall, the fault is ___REVERSE___. 12. If the hanging wall has moved down relative to the footwall, the fault is __NORMAL__. 13. A reverse fault with a very low angle plane is called a __THRUST__ fault. Use Figures 1-4 below to answer questions #14 to 25. 14. Referring to Fig. 1 feature "A" is called the ____STRIKE____ 15. Referring to Fig. 1 feature "B" is called the _____DIP_____ 16. Referring to Fig. 2, which side of the fault is the hanging wall? ___A___ 17. Referring to Fig. 2, which side of the fault is the footwall? ___B___ 18. Referring to Fig. 2, which side of the fault moved UP relative to the other? ___A___ 19. Referring to Fig. 2, what specific type of dip-slip fault is shown? _REVERSE FAULT_ 20. Referring to Fig. 3, which side of the fault is the hanging wall? ___B___ 21. Referring to Fig. 3, which side of the fault is the footwall? ___A___ 22. Referring to Fig. 3, which side of the fault moved down relative to the other? ___B___ 23. Referring to Fig. 3, what specific type of dip-slip fault is shown? NORMAL FAULT 24. Referring to Fig. 4, what type of fault is pictured? __STRIKE-LIP FAULT__ 25. Referring to Fig. 4, is this a left or right lateral fault? __LEFT-LATERAL FAULT__ -3- 26. Which of the following could be produced by compressional forces? a. reverse faults b. thrust faults c. overturned folds d. all of the above 27. Which one of the following faults would most likely be formed by tensional forces a. thrust b. normal c. reverse d. strike-slip 28. A transform fault is also a a. joint set b. strike-slip fault c. dip-slip fault d. oblique-slip fault 29. In a reverse fault the a. older rock may be pushed over younger rock b. hanging wall move down relative to the footwall c. blocks slip horizontally d. forces involved are in tension rather than compression 30. A fault along which there is only horizontal movement is called a a. thrust b. normal c. reverse d. strike-slip 31. A fault along which there is movement in both the horizontal and vertical directions is called a. transform fault b. strike fault c. reverse fault d. oblique-slip fault 32. Crustal thickening can be caused by all of the following except a. thrust faulting b. recumbent folding c. reverse faulting d. normal faulting 33. A continent is in isostatic equilibrium. A large mountain range on the continent erodes away. In response, the base of the continental crust will a. rise b. sink c. not move d. melt 34. A folded structure which dips away from the centre in all directions is called a. a dome b. a basin c. a syncline d. an anticline -4- 35. By definition, in an anticline a. the limbs dip towards each other and the oldest rock are at the centre b. the limbs dip towards each other and the youngest rocks are at the centre c. the limbs dip away from each other and oldest rocks are at the centre d. the limbs dip away from each other and the youngest rocks are at the centre 36. In a syncline, the a. oldest rocks are in the core of the fold b. oldest rocks overlie younger units c. youngest rocks are in the core of the fold d. limbs dip away from each other 37. The mountain belt that forms the western part of North America is called the: a. Appalachian Mountains. b. Himalayas. c. North American Cordillera. d. Ouachita Mountains. 38. The craton: a. is the portion of a continent with the highest mountains. b. is the geologically stable portion of continents. c. is the youngest portion of continents. d. none of these. 39. Precambrian shields: a. are very ancient rocks representing the central cores of continents. b. have been destroyed by subduction over time. c. were once divergent plate margins. d. were in existence at the time Earth formed. 40. Folds and reverse faults in a mountain range suggest: a. compressional stresses. b. tensional stresses. c. deep-water deposition of sediments. d. all of these. 41. Which is not a type of terrane? a. exotic. b. suspect. c. accreted. d. accumulated. 42. Which of the following is a source of terranes? a. micro-continents. b. fragments of distant continents. c. ocean crustal fragments. d. all of these 43. A mountain belt formed through ocean-continent convergence may contain: a. fold and thrust belts. b. thick accumulations of marine sedimentary rocks. c. high-grade metamorphic rocks. d. all of these. -5- 44. The Himalayas, Appalachians, Alps and Ural Mountains formed as a result of: a. continent-continent convergence. b. ocean-continent convergence. c. ocean-ocean convergence. d. none of these. 45. The Andes Mountains of South America and the Cascade Range of North America formed as a result of: a. ocean-ocean convergence. b. continent-continent convergence. c. ocean-continent convergence. d. none of these. 46. It would appear that most mountain ranges form as a result of: a. some form of convergent tectonics. b. some form of divergent tectonics. c. some form of transform tectonics. d. none of these. Refer to the diagram below to answer questions #47 to 50. 47. What is the name of the type of fault labeled L? ___NORMAL FAULT____ 48. What type of forces (compressional, tensional or sheer) would have produced a fault of this type? _____TENSIONAL_____ 49. What is the name of fold type K? ____SYNCLINE____ 50. At which type of PLATE BOUNDARY would fold type K most likely have been produced? ____CONVERGENT____ -6- 51. In the space provided below, sketch and clearly label a cross section that contains an anticline cut by a reverse fault. (3 marks)