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ISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMIS INDIAN SCHOOL MUSCAT DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SCIENCE (2015-16) RESOURCE PERSON: MRS HARPREET KAUR SUB: GEOGRAPHY, CLASS- IX TOPIC: CHAPTER: 2 – PHYSICAL FEATURES DATE OF SUBMISSION: MAY 2015 WORKSHEET NO: NAME OF STUDENT: ___________________________________ CLASS & SEC.: IX-___________ 06 ROLL NO. _________ DATE: __________ NOTE: PLS DO QNO.6,11,18,31,36,38 IN YOUR NOTEBOOK. Summary:Tectonic Plate Theory:-The tectonic plate theory describes the large scale motion of the earth’s lithosphere. This theory is based on continental drift which explains the formation of various continents over millions of years; as we see them today. Plate Boundaries:- Convergent Boundary: In this case, the two adjacent tectonic plates move towards each other. Divergent Boundary: In this case, the two adjacent plates move away from each other. Transform Boundary: In this case, the two adjacent plates move along their borders. Pangea:About 225 million years ago, the earth contained a single landmass; called Pangaea. That landmass was divided into two landmasses, viz. Laurasia and Gondwana Land; about 200 million years ago. As the figures; given here show; the landmasses further broke into different parts and experienced continental drifts at various stages. The Gonwana Land included the modern day India, Australia, South America, South America and Antarctica. MAJOR PHYSIOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS:The landmass of India can be divided into following major physiographic divisions: a.The Himalayan Mountains b.The Northern Plains c.The Peninsular Plateau d. The Indian Desert e. The Coastal Plains f.The Islands Physical Features of India The Himalayan MountainsThe Himalayas are the youngest mountains in the world and are; structurally; the folded mountains. The Himalayas run along the northern border 1 ISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMIS ISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMIS of India. The Himalayas form an arc which is about 2,400 km long. The width varies from 400 km in Kashmir to 150 km in Arunachal Pradesh. (1) The Great or Inner Himalayas:This is the northernmost range and is also known as ‘Himadri’. This is the most continuous range. It contains the loftiest peaks. The average height of peaks in this range is 6,000 metres. (2) The Lesser Himalaya or Himachal:This lies towards the south of the Great Himalayas. The altitude of peaks in this range varies from 3,700 m to 4,500 m. (3) The Shiwaliks:-This is the outermost range of the Himalayas. The altitude varies between 900 and 1100 km in this range and the width varies between 10 to 50 km. Himalayan Regions from East to West: Punjab Himalayas:- This part lies between the Indus and Sutlej. From west to east, this is also known as Kashmir Himalaya and Himachal Himalaya; respectively. a. Kumaon Himalayas: This part lies between Sutlej and Kali rivers. b. Nepal Himalayas: This part lies between the Kali and Tista rivers. c. Assam Himalayas: This part lies between the Tista and Dihang rivers. Eastern hills and mountains: The Brahmaputra marks the eastern border of the Himalayas. Beyond the Dihang gorge, the Himalayas bend sharply towards south and form the Eastern hills or Purvachal. These hills run through the north eastern states of India. They are mostly composed of sandstones. These hills are composed of the Patkai Hills, Naga Hills, Manipuri Hills and Mizo Hills. The Northern PlainThe northern plain of India is formed by three river systems, viz. the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra; along with their tributaries. This plain is composed of alluvial soil which has been deposited over millions of years. The total area of the northern plain is about 7 lakh square kilometer. It is about 2400 km long and about 240 to 320 km broad.The northern plain is divided into three sections, viz. the Punjab Plain, the Ganga Plain and the Brahmaputra Plain.Based on the relief features; the northern plain can be divided into four regions, viz. bhabar, terai, bhangar and khadar. a. Bhabar b. Terai c. Bhangar: d. Khadar: 2 ISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMIS ISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMIS The Peninsular Plateau The peninsular plateau is a tableland. It is composed of the oldest rocks because it was formed from the drifted part of the Gondwana land. Broad and shallow valleys and rounded hills are the characteristic features of this plateau. The Western and the Eastern Ghats:- They make the western and eastern edges of the Deccan Plateau. The average elevation of Western Ghats is 900 – 1600 metres; compared to 600 metres in case of Eastern Ghats. The Eastern Ghats stretch from Mahanadi Valley to the Nilgiris in the south. The Western Ghats cause oceanographic rains as they face the rain-laden winds from west. The Indian Desert:-The Indian desert lies towards the western margins of the Aravali Hills. This region gets scanty rainfall which is less than 150 mm in a year. Hence they climate is arid and vegetation is scanty. Luni is the only large river but some streams appear during rainy season. Crescent-shaped dunes (barchans) abound in this area. The Coastal PlainsThe Peninsular plateau is flanked by stretch of narrow coastal strips. They run along the Arabian Sea on the west and along the Bay of Bengal on the east. The western coast lies between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea. It is divided into three sections. The Konkan; which comprises of Mumbai and Goa makes the northern part. The Kannada Plain makes the central pat and the Malabar coast makes the Malabara coast.The western coastal plain is wider and level and it runs along the Bay of Bengal. It is divided into two parts. The northern part is called Northern Circar. The southern part is called the Coromandel Coast. Extensive deltas are formed by large rivers like Mahanadi, Godavari and Kavery. Chilika lake is an important feature along the eastern coast. The IslandsThe Lakshadweep Islands are in the Arabian Sea. Its area is 32 sq km. The administrative headquarters of Lakshadweep is at Kavaratti island. This group of islands is rich in terms of biodiversity.The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are bigger in size and has more number of islands. This group of islands can be divided into two groups. The Andaman is in the north and the Nicobar is in the south. These islands too have rich biodiversity. .No. 1. Question What are Lithospheric plates? Name the seven major Tectonic plates. (1+3) 2. What does the movement of the plates result in? Marks 4 2 3 ISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMIS ISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMIS 3. Classify the plate movements into three types and explain each briefly with suitable diagrams. (3+1) 4 4. Explain the formation of the Himalayas and the mountain system of Western Asia. 4 5. 6. Describe the formation of the Northern plains of India. ‘The land of India displays great physical variation.’ Explain the above statement with examples. 3 4 7. 8. Name the major physiographic divisions of India. Explain the Himalayan mountains under the following headings: i) Extent of the range ii) Shape iii) Length iv) Width v) Altitudinal variations. Name the three parallel ranges of the Himalayas. Explain Himadri range under the following headings: 1) Other name 2) Location 3) Average altitude 4) Prominent peaks 5) Folds 6) Core of this part Explain the characteristics of the Himachal under the following headings: 3 1 EACH 9. 10. 11. 1 1 EACH 1 EACH 4 ISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMIS ISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMIS 12. 13. i) Location ii) Other name iii) Rocks iv) Altitude v) Average width vi) Important ranges vii) Famous valleys viii) Hill Stations. Explain the Outer Himalayas under the following: a) Other name b) Location c) Average width iv) Altitude v) Sediments What are Duns? Give examples 1 EACH 2 19. . Explain the divisions of the Himalayas on the basis of regions from west to east. How have these regions been demarcated? What marks the eastern-most boundary of the Himalayas? What are Purvanchals? Name the hills comprising it. Name the three river systems that have led to the formation of the northern plains. Explain the characteristic features of Northern Plains on the basis of the following: 1) Formation 2) Area covered 3) Extension 4) Width 5) Other characteristic features What are the characteristics of the rivers in its lower course? 20. 21. What do you mean by distributaries? What is Doab? 2 1 22. Describe the three sections into which the northern plains have 3 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 4 1 4 3 1 EACH 3 5 ISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMIS ISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMIS 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. been divided. Explain the divisions of the northern plains according to the variations in the relief features. Distinguish between Bhangar and Khadar plains on the basis of the following: Basis Bhangar plain* Khadar plain a) New / The plain is formed of The plain is formed of older older alluvium. newer, younger deposits. alluvium b) Location They lie above the They lie near the river flood plains of the banks. rivers. c) Fertility They are less fertile. They are more fertile * The soil in the Bhangar region contains calcareous deposits locally known as kankar. 4 3 Explain the characteristics of the Peninsular plateau under the following: 1) Shape 2) Rocks 3) Formation 4) Topographic features 5) Slope 6) Main divisions. What are Central Highlands? What lies to the south, north-west and west of the Vindhyan range? Name the plateau that forms the eastward extensions of the Central Highlands. Explain the features of the Deccan plateau under the following: a) Location and Shape b) Northern and eastern extensions c) Slope d) Extension of the plateau in the north-east What separates the Deccan plateau from the Chotanagpur plateau? 1 EACH Distinguish between the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats under the following points: 6 1 EACH 1 2 1 4 1 ISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMIS ISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMIS Basis 1) Location Western Ghats Mark the western edge of the Deccan Plateau, located parallel to the western coast. 2) Altitude Average elevation is 900-1600 metres. 3) Continuity They are continuous and can be crossed through passes. 4) Highest Anai Mudi and Doda peaks Betta are the highest peak. 5) Local Nilgiri, Cardamom, names Anaimalai. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. Eastern Ghats Mark the eastern edge of the Deccan Plateau, located parallel to the eastern coast. Average elevation is 600meters. They are discontinuous. Mahendragiri is the highest peak. Shevaroy Hills and Javadi Hills. Name the type of rainfall in the Western Ghats. Where is the Deccan Trap located? Write a short account on the type of rocks found here. Write a note on the Aravallis covering the following points: i) Location ii) How are they found as? iii) Extension Describe the Indian Desert (Thar) under the following headings: 1) Location 2) Topography 3) Rainfall 4) Climate and vegetation 5) Stream formation 6) Sand dunes Distinguish between the Western coastal plains and the Eastern coastal plains under the following points: Ans. Basis Western Coastal Plains Eastern Coastal Plains i) They extend from They extend from West Extension Gujarat to Kerala. Bengal to Tamilnadu. ii) Location They are located in They are located in between the Western between the Eastern Ghats and the Arabian Ghats and the Bay of Sea Bengal. iii) Main a) The northern a) The northern part divisions part of the coast is referred to as or different called the the Northern names Konkan (Mumbai Circar. to Goa). b) The southern part b) The central is known as the stretch is called Coromandal Coast. the Kannad Plain c) The southern stretch is referred to as the Malabar coast. 7 1 3 3 1 EACH 1 EACH (contd. ) ISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMIS ISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMIS iv) Width v) Rivers draining vi) Features formed 37. Known for lagoons and Estuaries. They are broad. Mahanadi, Krishna, Godavari and Kavari Lake Chilika important feature along the east coast. Distinguish between Lakshadweep islands and Andaman and Nicobar islands under the following: Basis Lakshadweep islands a) Location They are located in the Arabian Sea near the coast. This island group is composed of small coral islands. They are smaller in size. They are less in number. Kavaratti b) Origin c) Size d) Number (less / more) e) Capital 38. They are narrow. Narmada and Tapi Andaman and Nicobar Island They are located in the Bay of Bengal far away from the coast. This island group are an elevated portion of submarine mountains. They are bigger in size. They are numerous and scattered. Port Blair ‘The physiographic divisions of India are complementary to one another.’ Explain giving four examples PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS: Q1 Name any one feature formed by deposition of river? Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 1 EACH Name three longitudinal divisions of Himalayas.State one characteristic feature of each. Describe the name and one feature each of any three parts of the Northern Plains. Explain which two forces are responsible for shaping the present geographic features of India? Which continents od today were part of Gondwanaland? Name the three parallel ranges of the Himalayas .write three features of the Northernmost range of the Himalayas. Name the three types of plate boundaries .explain one characteristic of each. Differentiate between Tributaries and Distributaries. Classify the Himalayas on the basis of regions from west – east.Write any three regions. 4 1m 3m 3m 5m 3m 3m 3m 3m 8 ISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMIS ISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMIS ……………………….. ALL THE BEST…………………………….. 9 ISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMIS ISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMIS INDIAN SCHOOL MUSCAT DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SCIENCE (2015-16) GEOGRAPHY ENRICHMENT WORKSHEET NO.3 RESOURCE PERSON: MRS HARPREET KAUR SUB: GEOGRAPHY, CLASS- IX ENRICHMENT WORKSHEET NO: TOPIC: CHAPTER: 2 – PHYSICAL FEATURES DATE OF SUBMISSION: MAY 2015 NAME OF STUDENT: ___________________________________ CLASS & SEC.: IX-___________ 03 ROLL NO. _________ DATE: __________ Class- IX Chapter-2: Physical Features Multiple Choice Questions: Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 Question Marks Which one of the following is a plausible theory presented by Earth scientists 1 to explain the formation of continents and oceans and various landforms? a) Theory of Motion b) Theory of Plate Tectonics c) Theory of Evolution d) Theory of Relativity According to the ‘Theory of Plate Tectonic’, the earth’s crust is formed of how 1 many major plates? a) Three b) Five c) Ten d) Seven According to the ‘Theory of Plate Tectonic’, the moment of plates result in 1 some geological activity. Which one of the following is not such a geological activity? a) Volcanic activity b) Folding c) Faulting d) Glaciation According to the ‘Theory of Plate Tectonic’, when some plates come towards 1 each other, which of the following is formed? a) Convergent boundary b) Divergent boundary c) Transform boundary d) Colliding boundary According to the ‘Theory of Plate Tectonic’, when some plates move away from each other, which of the following is formed? a) Convergent boundary b) Divergent boundary c) Transform boundary d) None of the above 10 ISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMIS ISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMIS 6 According to the ‘Theory of Plate Tectonic’, what have been the effects of the moments of the plates? a) Chang in the position and size of continents b) Formation of ocean basins c) Evolution of the present landforms and relief of India d) All of the above 7 A landmass bounded by sea on three sides is referred to as____________ a) Coast b) Island c) Peninsula d) None of the above Which of the following divisions of India has the oldest landmass? a) The Himalayas b) The Northern Plains c) The Peninsular Plateau d) The Indian Desert The Peninsular Plateau of India is part of which of the following landmass? a) Angaraland b) Gondwanaland c) Tethys d) Eurasian Plate Which of the following countries or continents was not part of the ancient landmass of Gondwanaland? a) India b) Australia c) Europe d) South America Which of the following physiographic divisions of India was formed out of accumulations in the Tethys geosyncline. a) The Himalayas b) The Northern Plains c) The Peninsular Plateau d) The Indian Desert Geologically which of the following physiographic divisions of India is supposed to be one of the most stable land blocks? a) The Himalayas b) The Northern Plains c) The Peninsular Plateau d) The Indian Desert From the point of view of geology, which of the following physiographic divisions of India is considered to be an unstable zone? a) The Himalayan Mountains b) The Peninsular Plateau c) The Indian Desert d) The Islands Which of the following are young fold mountains? a) The Aravallis b) The Nilgiris c) The Himalayas d) The Sahyadri Which of the following physical features forms a natural barrier to the north of India? a) Kunlun Mountains b) Plateau of Tibet c) River Brahmaputra d) The Himalayas The Himalayas consist of three parallel ranges in its longitudinal extent. Which of the following is the name of the northernmost range? a) The Himadri b) The Himachal c) The Purvanchal d) The Shiwalik Which of the following is the highest peak of India? a) Mount Everest b) The Kanchenjunga c) Nanga Parbat d) Nanda Devi Which of the following is not a mountain pass in the Great Himalayas? a) Shipkila b) Nathula 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 11 ISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMIS ISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMIS 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 c) Bomdila d) Khyber pass Which of the following is not a part of the Lesser or Himachal range of the Himalayas? a) Satpura b) Pir Panjal range c) Dholadhar d) Mahabarat The longitudinal valleys lying between Lesser Himalayas and Shiwaliks are known as-------. a) Pass b) Pat Kai Bum c) Himachal Valley d) Duns Which of the following is the highest peak of Peninsular India? a) Mount Everest b) Anai Mudi c) Doda Betta d) Mahendragiri The black soil region covering the northwestern part of the Peninsular India is known as-----------. a) Deccan Trap b) Malwa Plateau c) Chhotanagpur Plateau d) None of these The western coastal strip’s central stretch of plain is referred to as a) Coromandal b) Kannad c) Konkan d) None of these Barachans are referred to as a) Deposition of sediments b) Lagoons c) Underground streams d) Crescent shaped sand dunes Which of the following is referred to as the riverine islands? a) Deposition sediments by glaciers b) Deposition of sand by wind c) Deposition of sediments by river in its lower course d) None of these 12 ISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMISMIS