Download Ch. 28.1 Kennedy and the Cold War Section

Ch. 28.1 Kennedy and the Cold War Section Objectives: 1. Identify the factors that contributed to Kennedy’s election in 1960. 2. Describe the new military policy of the Kennedy administration. 3. Summarize the crises that developed over Cuba. 4. Explain the Cold War symbolism of Berlin in the early 1960s. One American’s Story ­Who was ​
John F. Kennedy? ● Became the 35th president of the United States by defeating Richard M. Nixon 1. The Election of 1960 ­Why did Americans question whether or not they were winning the Cold War? ● economic recession, Soviet Union launching sputnik and its development of long range missiles, U­2 incident, Cuba aligning with the Soviet Union ­What two factors helped put Kennedy over the top in the election of 1960? ● television and civil rights issue A. The Televised Debate Affects Votes ­How did the televised debate between Kennedy and Nixon help Kennedy in the election of 1960? ● Kennedy looked and spoke better than Nixon B. Kennedy and Civil Rights ­How did Kennedy’s stance on civil rights help him win the election of 1960? ● By helping Martin Luther King he was able to win key votes in the South and Midwest because African Americans noticed him helping King. 1. The Camelot Years ­What famous quote did Kennedy make in his inaugural speech? ● “Ask not what your country can do for you­­ask what you can do for your country.” A. The Kennedy Mystique ­What was the Kennedy mystique? ● It reminded many of a modern day Camelot, the mythical court of King Arthur B. The Best and the Brightest ­What men did Kennedy surround himself with? ● The best and the brightest 2. A New Military Policy ­How did Kennedy think the previous Republican administration handled the Cold War? ● He felt the Eisenhower administration did not do enough about the Soviet threat ● He blasted Republicans for allowing communism to develop in Cuba. A. Defining a Military Strategy ­What was the policy of ​
flexible spending? ● This allowed the U.S. to fight limited wars around the world while maintaining a balance of nuclear power with the Soviet Union ­Why did Kennedy think it was necessary to develop a new military policy? ● There was no need for a nuclear war over minor minor conflicts 3. Crises Over Cuba ­Where was Kennedy’s foreign policy tested? ● Cuba ­Who is ​
Fidel Castro? ● The communist leader who took control of Cuba and welcomed aid from the Soviet Union A. The Cuban Dilemma ­What political change did Fidel Castro undergo after taking power? ● He promised a democracy but turned into a communist dictator B. The Bay of Pigs ­How did the results of the Bay of Pigs invasion affect Castro and the United States? ● Kennedy was embarrassed by the failure of the invasion ● Castro allowed for more Soviet aid C. The Cuban Missile Crisis ­What happened in the Cuban Missile crisis? ● The Soviet Union provided Cuba with nuclear missiles ● Any missile attack from Cuba would make the United States go into an all out attack against the Soviet Union ● The U.S. agreed to remove missiles from Turkey and the Soviets agreed to remove their missiles from Cuba and the crisis was averted D. Kennedy and Khrushchev Take the Heat ­Why did Cuban exiles turn against Kennedy and the Democrats? ● They blamed Kennedy and the Democrats for losing Cuba to the communists. 4. Crisis Over Berlin ­What was the ​
Berlin Wall? ● A concrete wall topped with barbed wire that split the city of Berlin in two. A. The Berlin Crisis ­Why was the Berlin Wall built? ● East Germans (communist side) were escaping to West Germany to get away from communist oppression. To prevent this Khrushchev had the Berlin wall built. B. Searching For Ways to Ease Tensions ­How did Kennedy and Khrushchev ease tensions between their nations? ● Establishment of a hot line, Limited Test Ban Treaty ­What was the ​
hot line? ● A phone that enabled Kennedy and Khrushchev to communicate at once should another crisis arise between the two countries. ­What was the ​
Limited Test Ban Treaty? ● Banned nuclear testing in the atmosphere.