Download NOTE: Four CORRECTIONS (3/20/06)

NOTE: Four CORRECTIONS (3/20/06)
#15 (c or d) # 25 (a or e are correct) #6 e #42 (a and d are correct)
1 Flower color in snapdragons is an example of incomplete dominance. If a red-flowered
plant is crossed with a white-flowered plant, the F1 generation has pink flowers. If a pinkflowered plant is crossed with a pink-flowered plant, the progeny plants will be
__________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
100% red
25% red, 50% pink, and 25% white
25% white and 75% red
100% pink
50% pink and 50% red
2 A man who has type B blood and a woman who has type A blood could have children
of which of the following phenotypes?
A. AB or O
B. A or B only
C. A, B, or O
D. AB only
E. A, B, AB, or O
3 If one parent is blood type AB and the other is type O, what fraction of their offspring
will be blood type A?
A. 0.25
B. 0.5
C. none of the above
D. 0.75
E. all of the above
4 A single allele that controls more than one character is said to be _____.
A. linked
B. photogenic
C. pleiotropic
D. Polygenic
E. autotrophic
5 In people with sickle-cell disease the red blood cells break down, clump, and clog the
blood vessels. The blood vessels and the broken cells accumulate in the spleen. Among
other things this leads to physical weakness, heart failure, pain, and brain damage. Such a
suite of symptoms can be explained by _____.
A. a bacterial infection interacting with the sickle-cell allele
B. the disease being the result of the inheritance of two linked genes
C. side effects of the drugs used to cure sickle-cell disease
D. the pleiotropic effects of the sickle-cell allele
E. the polygenic nature of sickle-cell disease
6 If hair color, eye color, and the presence or absence of freckles were consistently
inherited together, the best explanation would be that _____.
A. these traits are dominant to others
B. gene duplications have occurred
C. these traits are recessive characteristics
D. the genes for these traits are linked on the same chromosome
E. both parents have the same hair color, eye color, and freckles
7 The crossover percentage between two different genes is _____. (remember that the
‘crossover percentage’ is a measure of the chance that the two genes in question will be
split up, due to a crossing over event occurring between them)
A. dependent on the sex of the parent
B. equal to the size of the chromosome
C. greater as the distance between the two genes decreases
D. dependent on whether dominant or recessive alleles are carried by the two genes
E. greater as the distance between the two genes increases
8 The Y chromosomes of mammals contain genes that code for ____________.
A. both eye pigment and blood-clotting factor, among many other traits
B. "maleness" and few other traits
C. eye pigment, among many other traits
D. blood-clotting factor, among many other traits
E. criminal tendencies
9 There is a group of small fish living in a lake with a sandy bottom. Most of the fish are
light brown, but about 10% are mottled. These fish are normally prey for large birds that
live on the shore. A construction company dumps a load of gravel in the bottom of the
lake, giving it a mottled appearance. Which of these statements presents the most
accurate prediction?
A. There is no way to guess the result.
B. The ratios of the differently colored fish will not change.
C. The proportion of mottled fish will increase over time.
D. In two generations, all the fish will be mottled.
E. As the mottled fish are eaten, more will be produced to fill the gap.
10 In evolutionary terms, an organism's “Darwinian fitness” is measured by its _____.
A. mutation rate
B. stability in the face of environmental change
C. contribution to the gene pool of the next generation
D. health
E. genetic variability
11 Which of the following is a true statement about Charles Darwin?
A. He was the first to discover that living things can change, or evolve.
B. He proposed natural selection as the mechanism of evolution.
C. He worked out the principles of population genetics.
D. He based his theory on the inheritance of acquired characteristics.
E. He was a vicious pirate on a ship called the Regal Beagle.
12 Animals that possess homologous structures probably _____.
A. by chance had similar mutations in the past
B. are not related
C. are headed for extinction
D. evolved from the same ancestor
E. have increased genetic diversity
13 All known organisms transcribe genetic information to protein molecules via the
same genetic code. This finding strongly supports the hypothesis that _____.
A. the genetic code will never be broken
B. the earliest macromolecules probably arose when lightning struck an oxygen-free
atmosphere
C. there's only one possible way to encode information in a macromolecule
D. none of the above
E. all organisms are descended from a single common ancestor
14 Evidence from molecular biology supports the theory of evolution by showing that
_____.
A. homologous proteins have arisen separately in many different animal groups
B. closely related organisms have similar stages of development
C. closely related animal species have similar geographic distributions
D. closely related organisms have more similar DNA and proteins
E. none of the above
15 "Natural selection" and "evolution" are two terms that are sometimes confused. What
is the relation between natural selection and evolution?
A. When natural selection is occurring, evolution is not, and vice versa.
B. They are the same thing.
C. Any phenomenon that causes evolution also causes natural selection.
D. Natural selection is one of several mechanisms of evolution.
E. None of the above.
16 In natural selection, __________ determines which phenotypes are successful.
A. human intervention
B. sample size
C. genetic drift
D. chance
E. the environment
17 When they were first sold, aerosol insecticides were highly effective in killing flies
and mosquitoes. Today, some 30 years later, a much smaller proportion of these insects
die when sprayed. The reason fewer insects are being killed is that ____________.
A. mosquitoes are deliberately adapting themselves to this man-made change in the
environment
B. many mosquitoes today are descendants of mosquitoes with insecticide-resistant
characteristics
C. the original spraying has caused a permanent mutation, giving the insects genetic
resistance to the spray
D. mosquitoes that survive spraying develop an immunity to the insecticide
E. none of the above
18 A population is _____.
A. the number of humans per unit area
B. the number of organisms in a particular habitat
C. organisms of different species that live together
D. all living organisms on Earth
E. a group of individuals of the same species occupying a given area
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
19 The oldest fossils have been dated to be approximately __________ years old.
3.5 million
38,000
3.5
3.5 billion
3.5 trillion
20 What evidence most strongly suggests that an impact by an asteroid or meteorite may
have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs?
A. A 65-million-year-old crater has been found in the Caribbean Sea.
B. Fossils show that dinosaurs suffered from cold and starvation.
C. The dinosaurs disappeared rather abruptly, virtually overnight.
D. Fossils indicate that most dinosaurs were looking up when they died.
E. There have been several near misses in recent years
21 The endosymbiotic theory states that _____________; one piece of evidence
supporting this theory is the fact that _____________.
A. the first hereditary material was RNA ... mitochondria and chloroplasts have
heredity based on RNA
B. mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as ingested prokaryotes ... mitochondria
and chloroplasts have their own DNA
C. the genomes of complex animals came in part from the genomes of invading
pathogens ... the human genome contains the complete genomes of 120 viruses
and 10 bacteria
D. none of the above
E. over time, parasites evolve to resemble their hosts ... the DNA of human parasites
contains segments of human DNA
22 Which of the following was probably NOT present in large amounts in the
atmosphere at the time life is thought to have originated?
A. nitrogen (N2)
B. carbon dioxide (CO2)
C. carbon monoxide (CO)
D. water (H2O)
E. oxygen (O2)
23 The most abundant group of organisms on Earth are the _____.
A. eukaryotes
B. prokaryotes
C. algae
D. protists
E. protozoans
24 Which one of the following statements is FALSE?
A. Prokaryotes do not have mitochondria.
B. Prokaryotes do not have a true nucleus.
C. Archaea are prokaryotes.
D. Mitochondria are incapable of dividing.
25 Protists are a diverse group of organisms that includes _____.
A. amoebas
B. plants
C. fungi
D. algae
E. algae and protozoa
26 Which of the following groups of algae are most closely related to higher plants?
A. multicellular green algae
B. diatoms
C. dinoflagellates
D. brown algae
27 Most bryophytes, such as mosses, differ from all other plants in that they _____.
A. produce pollen
B. lack vascular tissue
C. have flagellated sperm
D. have cones but no seeds
E. do not produce flowers
28 Angiosperms are different from all other plants because only they have _____.
A. vascular tissue
B. flowers
C. seeds
D. flagellated sperm
29 Which of the following are nonvascular but have adaptations that green algae lack
(such as a cuticle and stomata)?
A. brown algae
B. mosses
C. angiosperms
D. gymnosperms
E. ferns
30 Bryophytes are small because __________.
A. they live in the desert
B. they evolved in cold climates
C. they lack vascular tissue
D. they reproduce by insects carrying their pollen
E. they live in areas of limited nutrients
31 Ferns and mosses are mostly limited to moist environments because _____.
A. their pollen is carried by water
B. they have swimming sperm
C. their seeds do not store much water
D. they lack cuticles and stomata
E. they lack vascular tissue
32 An explorer found a plant that had roots, stems, and leaves. It had no flowers but
produced seeds. This plant sounds like a(n) _____.
A. gymnosperm
B. moss
C. bryophyte
D. fern
E. angiosperm
33 Male floral parts include __________.
A. ovaries only
B. stamens
C. stigmas
D. stigma, style, and ovary
E. petals and sepals
34 The defining reproductive adaptation of angiosperms is the __________.
A. gymnosperm
B. germinated pollen grain
C. sporophyte
D. gametophyte
E. flower
35 Unlike most angiosperms, grasses are pollinated by wind. As a consequence, some
unnecessary parts of grass flowers have almost disappeared. Which of the following parts
would you expect to be most reduced in a grass flower? (think about which parts are not
directly involved in reproduction!)
A. anthers
B. petals
C. ovaries
D. carpels
E. stamens
36 After fertilization, the _____ develops into a seed and the _____ develops into a fruit.
A. egg ... ovule
B. ovary ... ovule
C. egg ... ovary
D. pollen grain ... ovule
E. ovule ... ovary
37 A fruit is a ripened _____.
A. ovary
B. vegetable
C. seed
D. anther
E. pollen grain
38 Which one of the following best describes the function of fruits?
A. to distract herbivores from eating the leaves
B. to compete with other plants for predators
C. to store food for the plant to use over the winter
D. to reward pollinators
E. to protect and disperse the seeds
39 Human survival literally depends on the produce from __________.
A. angiosperms
B. mosses
C. pines
D. charophytes
E. gymnosperms
40 Fungi obtain nutrients through _____.
A. magic
B. swallowing insects that land on them
C. photosynthesis
D. absorption
E. none of the above
41 The development that freed vertebrates from water for reproduction and allowed them
to radiate into diverse terrestrial environments was the _____.
A. Large brains
B. scales
C. placenta
D. amniotic egg
E. opposable thumbs
42 The kangaroo is an example of a(n) __________ mammal.
A. placental
B. egg-laying
C. monotreme
D. marsupial
E. hairless and mean
answers
1. b
2. e
3. b
4. d
5. d
6. d
7. e
8. b (remember that some eye pigments and clotting factor genes are on the X
chromosome..which is why males only get ONE copy of this gene, while females
get 2. Y chromosome is SUPER small, and there aren’t many genes on it (besides
the ones involved in ‘maleness’
9. c (due to the fact that they are now camouflaged, and may escape predation)
10. c (a fancy way of saying ‘reproduction’ success
11. b
12. d
13. e
14. d
15. d or c
16. e
17. b
18. e
19. d
20. a
21. b
22. e
23. b
24. d
25. a or e
26. a
27. b
28. b
29. b
30. c
31. b (pollen evolved later!!)
32. a
33. b
34. e
35. b
36. E not b!!!1
37. a
38. e
39. a
40. d
41. d
42. a and d are correct