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Answers for Study Guide for Chapter 5Test
Review All Handouts and notes!
Energy is the ability to do work.
The SI unit for energy is the Joule.
5 forms of Energy (Define and give an
example)
1. Mechanical- energy associated with motion
Ex. A waterfall, sound and wind, anything
in motion, i.e. a car moving, a ball rolling, etc.
REMEMBER-sound needs a medium (matter)
to travel through like air( gas ), solids or
water( liquid ).
2. Chemical- energy required to bond atoms
together, or break bonds apart, each time
rearranging the atoms to create something
new.
Ex. Fuel in a rocket engine, burning fuel,
cooking something, lighting a match,
batteries, digestion, photosynthesis.
3. Electromagnetic-energy travelling without
matter( s, l, g) through open space
Moving particles radiating energy—light
moving electric charges.- electricity;
EX. Laser, light, electricity, microwave,
radio waves, visible light, all are invisible
particles except the light we see ( visible )
b/c it is bent when it meets a medium
4. Nuclear-energy created by splitting the nucleus
of an atom ( fission ) , or by combining nuclei of
atoms together, like in the sun ( fusion ) .
When the nucleus of an atom splits, or fuses,
energy is created !
Ex. The sun’s energy,, nuclear power
plants use uranium for fission.
5.thermal energy - the internal motion of
atoms. The more the motion , the higher the
temperature, the more thermal energy !
Ex. Heat energy causes your ice cream
cone to melt;
6. Sound Energy- moves in waves with
vibrations of particles. Must have a mediumsolid, liquid or gas to vibrate. Cannot travel in
space or a vacuum of matter.
Remember, all objects and substances give
off thermal energy—
All energy conversions involve thermal energy,
so that’s why nothing is 100 % efficient
Section B- Kinetic vs. Potential Energy
1. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion.
2. The faster an object moves the more
kinetic energy it possess.
3. Potential energy is stored energy; energy
of position; gravitational potential energy
is due to height
4. An object at a height has a maximum
potential energy.
The formula for: PE = mgh OR, wh ( b/c
mg = weight )
KE = 1/2 mv2
PAGE 2 OF YOUR GUIDE:
Give 3 examples of both Kinetic and Potential
energy.
1. Man running
1. Skier at top of hill
2. Ball rolling
2. Book on a shelf
3. Car driving
3. Ball at the top of
it’s arc
If an object gains more velocity (speed), then
it gains more kinetic energy.
Potential energy that is dependent on height
is called gravitational potential energy.
Part C: Law of Conservation of Energy
(State)
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed
by ordinary
means. Energy can only be converted from
one form to another.
Explain this example of an energy
conversion:
The alarm on your cell phone went off this
morning. Trace the energy and list the forms.
Chemical to electrical to Mechanical ( sound),
thermal energy, light energy .
Heat/ Molecules
Heat- the internal motion of molecules.
Molecules- tiny particles that make up
matter.
Part D: Renewable vs. Nonrenewable
Energy
Non Renewable (define): cannot be replaced
after they are used or can only be replaced
after long periods of time.
What are fossil fuels? Coal(from plants )
petroleum ( from marine organisms ) oil and
natural gas
Where do they get their energy from? The
sun
Is nuclear energy renewable or non
renewable? Non renewable b/c there is a
limited amount of radioactive elements.
Renewable (define): can be used and replaced
in nature over a relatively short period of
time.
PAGE 3 OF YOUR GUIDE:
List and describe the 5 different types of
renewable energy sources we discussed.
1. Solar Energy – energy from the sun
2. Wind Energy – energy from wind which
turns the turbines
3. Hydropower - energy from moving water
4. Geothermal energy – energy from the
heat within the Earth
5. Biomass – energy from plants, wood and
waste.
All of these resources for energy give us
Electricity !
What resource is the most used by the USA for
electricity? Coal
What source of energy is most used for heat in
the USA? Natural Gas
What source of energy do you think is most used
for transportation in the US? Oil
List the steps needed to get electricity from a
resource (fossil fuel or renewable) to your
home?
1. Coal, oil , natural gas, are burned, to heat the
water pumped into a boiler, and turn it to
STEAM. (chemical energy is converted to
thermal energy)
Nuclear energy splits nuclei to atoms to heat
the water to steam.
2. thermal energy is converted to mechanical
energy as steam pushes the blades of a
turbine causing it to spin.
3. An electric generator converts mechanical
energy into electrical energy.
4. The electrical energy can be distributed to
communities through electrical wires.
What turns the machine (turbine)? STEAM
Which fossil fuel burns the cleanest? (least pollution)
NATURAL GAS