Download RDA for Koreans - (1) RDA for Koreans – (2) Recent changes and

2005. 11.
RDA for Koreans - (1)
International Perspectives of Reference
Levels of Nutrient Intakes:
KOREA
Hee Young Paik, Sc.D.
The Korean Nutrition Society
and
Seoul National University
RDA for Koreans – (2)
• First edition published in 1962.
• Current – 7th revision(2000)
• Established by
the Korean Nutrition Society
since 6th revision(1995)
• Revised every 5 years
• Next revision due in 2005
Determining recommended levels for KRDA
Reported uses of dietary standards
ƒ Evaluation of dietary data
ƒ Nutrition education and guides for food selection
ƒ Food assistance programs
ƒ Military food planning and policy
ƒ Institutional dietary assessment and planning
ƒ Assessment of disease risk
ƒ Food labels and nutritional marketing
ƒ Clinical dietetics
ƒ Food fortification and development of new product
(low)
Percentage of individuals
• 15 nutrients covered –
Energy, protein, 9 vitamins(A, D, E, C, B1, B2, B6,
Niacin, Folic acid), 4 minerals(Ca, P, Fe, Zn)
• Groups –
Infants (0-4, 5-11 mos);
Children (1-3, 4-6, 7-9 yrs);
M/F (10-12, 13-15, 16-19, 20-29, 30-49, 50-64,
65-74, >75 yrs);
Pregnancy (1-5, 6-10 mos);
Lactation
Average
requirement
Percentage of
individuals
Energy
Level of requirement
Safe level
of intake
Other
Nutrients
(low)
(high)
Level of requirement
(high)
Recent changes and concerns in
Korea related to diet and health
• Increase in chronic diseases
• Increased consumption of “western foods”
especially by young people
• Increase in away-from-home eating
• Large variation of diet among different age
groups
• Increased intake of Supplements
Need for new dietary standards
1
•
These changes require improvements in dietary
standards to be wider in scope and applicability
Introduction
Hee Young Paik (Seoul National University, Korea)
• Background and Overview of DRIs process
Allison A. Yates (National Academy of Sciences)
John W. Erdman, Jr. (Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)
• Using the DRIs to plan and assess individual intakes
Mary Poos (National Academy of Sciences)
• Using the DRIs to plan and assess group intakes
• More accurate dietary assessment for identification o
f high risk groups both for over- and undernutrition
• Easier for group food service planning
• Easier application for chronic disease prevention an
d management
• Easier application for nutrition education and dietary
guidance for various groups
• Guidance to avoid toxicity of excess intake
Suzanne Murphy (CRCH, Univ. of Hawaii)
• How DRIs differ from WHO’s RNIs
Lindsay Allen (Univ. of California at Davis)
• Discussion
Johanna Dwyer; Janet C. King; Wha Young Kim; Jin Sook Yoon
Advisory
Committee
Coordination
Committee
Planning
Committee
Review
Committee
Ca, Vitamin D, Phosphorus, Mg
Upper Reference
Levels Subcommittee
Folate & B Vitamins
Vitamins C, E, Se, Carotenoids
Special Age Group
(P/L/I)
Vitamins A, Fe, Zn, etc
Electrolytes
~ 90 members
Energy & Macronutrients
Applications
Subcommittee
Age/
Phys.
Std.
Dietary
Assessment
Meal Planning
Food Guide Tower
Structure of the KDRIs Committee
Process of KDRIs
z
z
z
z
z
z
Planning Committee (July, 2002)
Panels and subcommittees (April, 2004)
▪ Review of reports from other countries
▪ Literature Review using Evidence_based Approach
▪ Submitted 1st draft (March, 2005)
Review/Coordinating Committees (Jan. 2005)
▪ Review of the process and the 1st draft
▪ Joint meetings
10 workshops – Internal and External
Open Hearing (July, 2005)
Release of the KDRIs and
International Symposium (Nov. 2005)
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Age groups
Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans
• Some changes to match other national data and
to reflect earlier pubertal maturation
• Estimated Average Requirements
(EAR; 평균필요량)
• Recommended Intake
(RI; 권장섭취량)
• Adequate Intake
(AI; 충분섭취량)
• Tolerable Upper Intake Level
(UL; 상한섭취량)
7th KRDA
KDRIs
Infants
0-4, 5-11 mos.
0-5, 6-11 mos.
Children*
1-3, 4-6, 7-9 yrs
1-2, 3-5 yrs
M/F*
10-12, 13-15, 16-19
20-29, 30-49, 50-64
65-74, >75 yrs
6-8, 9-11, 12-14, 15-19,
20-29, 30-49, 50-64,
65-74, >75 yrs
Pregnancy
1-5, 6-10 mos.
Not divided except for energy
& energy-related vitamins
Lactation Not divided
Physical Standards
Not divided
Nutrients included in KDRIs
1. Data sources reviewed
•
2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey
-> Representative sampling of ~12000 individuals
•
2004 Agency for Technology and Standards –
Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy
->Representative sampling of ~40,000 individuals
•
Growth standards by the Korean Pediatric Society
2. Reference Height & Weight
• Data from ATS Used
•
•
Height – median of each age group
Weight – up to 19 years : median
20~74 years : BMI 22 for median height
over 75 years – same as 65~74 yr group
Nutrient
EAR
Energy*
EER
RI
Total Fiber
UL
√
Protein
√
√
Ess. Amino Acids
√
√
Water
Vitamin A
AI
√
EAR
RI
√
√
AI
√
P
√
√
√
Mg
√
√
√
√
K
√
√
Cl
√
√
√
Fe
√
√
√
√
√
Zn
√
√
√
Vitamin K
√
Cu
√
√
√
Se
√
√
Vitamin C
√
√
Thiamin
√
√
Mn
√
√
Riboflavin
√
√
F
√
√
Niacin
√
√
√
I
Vitamin B6
√
√
√
Mo
Folate
√
√
√
Vitamin B12
√
√
Pantothenic acid
√
Biotin
√
√
* AMDR for CHO, Fat, Protein
* Intake Goal
Fat-sol. Vitamins
A, D, E, K
Water-soluble
Vitamins
C, Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, B6,
Folate, B12, Pantothenic acid, Biotin
Major Minerals
Ca, P, Mg, Na, Cl, K
Trace Minerals
Fe, Zn, Cu, F, I, Mn, Se, Mo
Included in the 7th revision, KRDA
Appendices
∗
Vitamin E
√
Protein, Ess. amino acids,
fiber, AMDR, Water
UL
Vitamin D
√
Nutrients Included
Energy*,
Energy &
Macronutrients
*
Ca
Na
√
√
Nutrient
Subcommittees
√
√
√
KRDA,
9
9
9
9
9
7th Revision
Food Guide
Reference Values for
Nutrition Labeling
Food Composition Tables
RDAs of Other Countries
Dietary Guidelines
KDRIs
Revised
Deleted
CD
Revised
Deleted
3
Food Guide
Future Plans
• Dissemination of information
- Nutritionists, dieticians, teachers, etc.
- Other health professionals
- Public
• Applications
- Nutrition Labeling
- Food Service
- Dietary Assessment
(DBs needed for many nutrients)
• More Research
• Next revision ???
Media Coverage
Thank you !!!
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