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SUBJECT
NATURAL SCIENCES
TITLE OF LEARNING
OBJECT
CURRICULAR AXIS
STANDARD
COMPETENCIES
LEARNING
OBJECTIVES
GRADE
11th
LEARNING UNIT
WHAT IS EVERYTHING THAT
SURROUNDS US MADE OF?
Why are amines weak bases?
Living environment
I relate functional groups with to physical and chemical properties of
substances.

To interpret some of the physical and chemical properties of
amines and their derivatives.
 To explain the physical and chemical properties of amines.
 To identify the basicity of an amine according to its molecular
structure.
 To evaluate the applications of some amines in society.
SKILLS/ KNOWLEDGE
SKILL 1: Identifies the functional amino group and the spatial
disposition of atoms.
SKILL 2: Recognizes neutralizing chemical reactions between an
amine and a strong acid.
SKILL 3: Orders amines according to their basicity.
SKILL 4: Inquires on amines and their applications.
LEARNING FLOW
• Introduction
• Objectives
• Activity 1. Amines and nomenclature
• Activity 2. Amines physical properties and reactions
• Activity 3. Amine applications
• Summary
• Homework
• Evaluation
• Glossary
ASSESSMENT
The following sequence must be taken into account to answer the
GUIDELINE
question:
- To identify the structure of amines.
- To name amines based on the IPUAC nomenclature.
- To recognize the physical characteristics of amines.
- To recognize the neutralization reaction that amines with a
strong base have.
- To identify amine applications.
Step
Introduction
Learning
Flow
Introduction
Teaching / Learning Activities
Recommended
Resources
The teacher
presents the
topic
Student material
Resource 1.
Animation that
represents
amines that we
find in our daily
lives.
Student material
Objectives
Activity 1
Introduction
The teacher
presents the
topic

To interpret some of the physical and Game
chemical properties of amines and their
derivatives.
 To explain the physical and chemical
properties of amines.
 To identify the basicity of an amine
according to its molecular structure.
 To evaluate the applications of some
amines in society.
Skill 1: Identifies the functional amino group and Student material
the spatial disposition of atoms
What characterizes amines?
These organic compounds have a tetrahedral
geometry and are formed by Nitrogen (N). Their
general formula is R3N; R can be an H or a
hydrocarbon group (Brown, LeMay, Jr., Bursten &
Burdge, 2004).
An example of these
methylamine CH3N:
compounds
is
the
Resource 2
Image, example
of an amine
Figure 1. Molecular structure of methylamine.
Figure modified from (Johll, 2008).
Did you know that...
The element known as Nitrogen (N) was
discovered in 1772 by Daniel Rutherford. N is a
component of our atmosphere. (“nitrogeno.htm,”
n.d.).
Developme
nt
The classification of amines depends on the
number of organic substituents attached to N.
Resource 3
map, whose
objective is to
show amines'
classification

Primary: N is connected to one C and two
H (R-NH2).

Secondary: N is connected to two C and
one H (R2NH).

Tertiary: N is connected to three C (R3N).
How are these compounds called?
Primary Amines
They are named by adding the suffix -amine to
the name of the organic substituent.
Example:
H2NCH2CH2CH2CH2NH2
Butane-1,4-diamine
If there is an additional functional group, the
name will be the carbon number attached to the
Nitrogen and the word amine.
Student material
Figure 2. Structure of a primary amine with a
carboxyl group. Retrieved from: (McMurry &
Simanek, 2007).
Secondary and Tertiary Amines
If the amines are symmetrical, they are named by
adding the di- or tri- prefix to the alkyl group.
Figure 3. Structure of a symmetrical
secondary amine. Retrieved from: (McMurry &
Simanek, 2007).
When they are more complex compounds and
are not symmetrical, the longest organic group is
chosen as the main group and the other groups
are considered to be N-substituents.
Resource 4
The student will
be able to find
images which
correspond to
examples of the
usage of
naming
conventions for
amines.
Figure 3. Structure of a non-symmetrical
secondary amine. Retrieved from: (McMurry &
Simanek, 2007).
To better understand...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kpov3GS6tjM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CJzuu_k9Nv0
&ebc=ANyPxKqCzOAub9rV_TXcBhD4tqK24cE1
KpeFTYNQWY50tBTAGxVvkUYLagYTRKKfum9
BvVRh5iT9evURPOR97KnMkYfiKdSbvQ
Learning Activity 1
Resource 5
Video that
corresponds to
feedback on
amine
nomenclature
1. Identify which of the following compounds
corresponds to an amine.
A
Learning
Activity 1
B
C
The learning
activity is of a
structural and
semistructural
kind, where the
student must
identify the
amines, name
the compounds
and classify
them.
D
E
2. Indicate
compounds.
A
the
names
of
the
following
B
C
3. Classify the following amines as primary,
secondary or tertiary.
A
Trimethylamine
tert-Butylamine.
C
Answer key
1 B and D
2
A 2-Aminobutanoic Acid
B Triethylamine
C Ethylamine
3
A Tertiary
B Primary
C Secondary
Activity 2
The teacher
presents the
topic
Skill 2: Recognizes neutralizing chemical
reactions between an amine and a strong acid.
Skill 3: Orders amines according to their basicity.
Figure 4. Properties of amines.
Resource 6
Image that
permits the
student to
identify some
characteristic
properties that
amines have
Can amines form hydrogen bonds?
Developme
nt
Primary and secondary amines can form
intermolecular hydrogen bonds; however, these
bonds are weaker than those that alcohols form,
since the electronegativity of N is lower than that
of O.
What about their boiling point?
Their boiling point is high compared to nonpolar
compounds with the same molecular weight;
however, the boiling point is lower than that of
alcohols and carboxylic acids, because the
hydrogen bonds that they form are weaker. In
addition, the boiling point of a primary amine is
higher than that of a tertiary amine. (Fernández,
2014; Morrison & coaut., 1998).
Are they soluble?
Amines with less than 5 carbon atoms are
generally soluble in water; however, they are less
soluble than alcohols. (McMurry, 2012).
Why are amines weak bases?
Amines have an N atom with a pair of unshared
electrons that has the capacity to be a receptor of
electrons. As a result, they behave as bases
(Brown et al., 2004).
Amines are much stronger bases than alcohols,
ethers and even water. Additionally, aromatic
amines are less basic than aliphatic amines,
since the pair of unshared electrons is engaged in
ring resonance and less prone to capture protons
(McMurry & Simanek, 2007).
Let's see some examples:
Figure 5. Basicity of some amines. Table
modified from (McMurry & Simanek, 2007)
Remember that...
pKb is the dissociation force of basic molecules ;
the lower the pKb value, the more basic the
compound.
Can amines form salts?
Amines are capable of forming salts from a
neutralization reaction, that is to say, amine
reacts with a strong acid such as HCl or a nitrous
acid. For example, if we mix methylamine with
HCI in a laboratory, we will obtain a salt called
chloride methylammonium.
(GuateQuímica, n.d.):
Resource 7
Table that
shows some
examples of
amines in
respect to pKb
indicating how
basic it is
Primary amines react with nitrous acids and
produce diazonium salts. On the other hand,
secondary amines form nitrosamines, when they
react with a nitrous acid. (Rivera & Teijón, 2006).
Let's see how benzene diazonium chloride is
synthesized.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zA2Q-J-RlX0
Learning Activity 2
1. Number the following compounds from the
most basic to least the least basic.
Student material
Compound
(CH3CH2)2NH
(CH3)3N
CH3NH2
CH3CH2NH2
Basicity
Resource 8
Video that
shows how to
prepare salt in a
laboratory
(CH3CH2)3N
ANSWER KEY
Compound
(CH3CH2)2NH
(CH3)3N
CH3NH2
CH3CH2NH2
Basicity
4
5
3
2
6
(CH3CH2)3N
1
22. Match the concepts on the left column to
the content on the right based on their
relevance.
Learning
Activity 2
1 Primary amine +
strong acid =
2 Amine
3 CH3NH2 + HCl
[CH3NH3]+Cl4 Secondary amine +
strong acid =
ANSWER KEY
1 Primary amine +
strong acid =
2 Amine
3 CH3NH2 + HCl
[CH3NH3]+Cl4 Secondary amine +
strong acid=
A Weak base
B Diazonium salt
C Nitrosamine
D Neutralization
reaction
B Diazonium salt
A Weak base
D Neutralization
reaction
C Nitrosamine
The learning
activity is of a
structured type,
where the
student should
complete the
table, also there
is a game where
they must match
information from
one column with
information from
another.
Activity 3
Introduction
Skill 4. Inquire on amines and their applications.
The teacher
presents the
topic
Which amines are used as medicines?
There is a class of amines derived from plants
called alkaloids. The complexity of these
compounds is very varied. Many of these
alkaloids are pharmacological agents (McMurry &
Resource 9
Animation that
shows
examples of the
most common
amines, used by
many human
beings
Simanek, 2007).
Figure 6. Examples of some alkaloids used in
medicine. Retrieved from (McMurry &
Simanek, 2007).
Papaver somniferum: Since the seventeenth
century, the crude fruit extract of this plant has
been used to relieve pain. This extract was called
opium.
Developme
nt
Morphine: It was the first isolated opium alkaloid.
Morphine is used to relieve pain, because this
drug is able to block the transmission of pain
signals and also changes its reception in the
brain.
Codeine: methyl ether of morphine used as an Resource 10
analgesic.
Map
infographic,
Atropa belladonna: The common name of this which allows
plant is nightshade.
students to
interact with the
Atropine: It is an antispasmodic used to treat
molecular
colitis.
structures, see
curious facts on
Rauwolfa serpentina: It is a semi-tropical plant; compounds and
the root is used as a medicine.
applications
Reserpine: tranquilizer and anti-hypertensive
medication.
Did you know that...
Heroin is a morphine-like compound; it is
synthesized by morphine's diacetylation (McMurry
& Simanek, 2007). Heroin is one of the most
dangerous drugs that exist today.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KxGL2bZyDb
k
What is the role of amines in industry?
In addition to the medical importance of amines,
they are also used to manufacture textile fibers,
dyes, fertilizers and resins (Ballester et al., 2011).
Resource 11
It is a video
where an
organic
chemistry
teacher/researc
her explains
morphine and
heroin
Figure 6. Examples of amines used in
industry.
N-Ethylmethylamine: It is used to produce
resins and rubber (RC, 2012).
Mauveine: It is also called aniline purple, it was
the first dye sintered by the British chemist
William Perkin. Mauveine is used to dye silk and
other textiles. It is also used for applications in
medicine and biology; for example, to stain cells
(Claramunt et al., 2015).
1,6-hexanediamine: It is used to produce nylon
6,6. This is produced through the condensation
reaction of 1,6-hexanediamine and 1,6hexanedioic acid, also called adipic acid. It is
used for the production of socks, parachute Resource 12
Map infographic
fabrics, linen, sewing thread, etc. (Ballester et al., that will allow
2011).
the student to
interact with the
molecular
Learning Activity 3
structures of
compounds and
Answer the following questions:
their
applications
1. What types of amines are used as medicines?
2. What applications do amines have?
Discuss and consult with a classmate.
3. Consult other applications that amines have
(different from those seen in this section) and
provide some examples. Discuss your findings
with your classmates.
Learning activity
3 is not
structured, the
students will
have to discuss
in class.
Abstract
Learning
Activity 3
The teacher
presents the
topic


Amines are organic compounds that Student material
contain Nitrogen (N), and its general
Animation
formula is R3N.
Amines are classified as primary,
secondary and tertiary, taking into account






Homework
Evaluation
The teacher
presents the
topic
the number of N's substituents.
Amines are polar compounds; if they are
amines with less than 5 carbon atoms they
are typically water soluble, since they are
capable of forming intermolecular hydrogen
bonds.
They have a lower boiling point than that of
alcohols.
They behave as weak bases, because N
has a pair of unshared electrons.
Aromatic amines are usually less basic than
aliphatic amines.
When an amine reacts with a strong acid
(neutralization reaction) it is capable of
forming salts.
They have a great variety of applications,
including medicine, dyes, resins, etc.
1. In pairs, look for a molecular structure of an
amine, different from the ones seen in this
section.
2. Draw the molecular structure on a letter-sized
sheet of paper, but without writing your name.
3. These drawings will be exchanged in class,
and each pair will have another team's
molecular structure.
4. Students should name the structure and look
for information on its properties and
applications.
5. This work will be discussed in class, and each
pair will have 5 minutes to present their
corresponding molecular structure.
1. Indicate the names of the following
compounds:
1
The homework
is a group
activity, where
they will need to
consult, analyze
the molecular
structure, name
and find
properties and
applications.
Additionally,
students will
need to discuss
in class.
Student material
ANSWER KEY: N-Methylethylamine
ANSWER KEY: Tricyclohexylamine
ANSWER KEY: Butane-1,3-diamine
2. Classify the following amines as primary,
secondary or tertiary.
4. (CH3)2CHNH2
ANSWER KEY: primary, N is connected to 1 C.
5. (C2H5)3N
ANSWER KEY: tertiary, N is connected to 3 C.
6. (CH3CH2)2NH
ANSWER KEY: secondary, N is connected to 2
C.
3. Match the concepts in the left column to the
corresponding content in the right column.
7 Hydrogen bonding
amines
8 Diazonium salts
9 Class of amines that
are less basic
10 Class of amines
that cannot form
intermolecular
hydrogen bonds
Product of a reaction
between an amine and
a strong acid
Tertiary amines
They are lower than
alcohol, because there
is higher
electronegativity in N
than in O
Aromatic amines
ANSWER KEY
7 Hydrogen bonding
amines
They are lower than
alcohol, because there
is higher
electronegativity in N
than in O
8 Diazonium salts
Product of a reaction
between an amine and
a strong acid
9 Class of amines that Aromatic amines
are less basic
10 Class of amines
Tertiary amines
that cannot form
intermolecular
hydrogen bonds
Glossary

Isomers: compounds that have an equal Student material
molecular formula, but different spatial
distribution of atoms.
 Enantiomers: also known as optical
isomers, they are compounds with the
same physical and chemical properties,
but they are not superimposable; in other
words, they are mirror images.
 Colitis: Inflammation of the large intestine.
 Antispasmodic: a medicine to relieve
muscle spasms.
 Antihypertensive: a substance or drug
used to reduce high blood pressure.
 Pesticides:
synthetic
or
natural
compounds used for pest control; for
example, to destroy certain insects that
destroy crops.
 Opium: a substance that is extracted from
the fruit of the Papaver somniferum plant.
 Aliphatic: a linear-chain or open-chain
compound.
Bibliography
Ballester, J. R., Ballester, M. E., Calatayud, M. L., Sabater, J. V., & Trilles, E.
(2011). Química 2o Bachillerato. Nau Llibres.
Brown, T. L., LeMay, H. E., Jr., Bursten, B. E., & Burdge, J. R. (2004). Quimica.
Pearson Educación.
Claramunt Vallespí, M. R., Cornago Ramírez, P., Esteban Santos, S., Farrán
Morales, A., Torralba Pérez, M., & Sanz del Castillo, D. (2015). PRINCIPALES
COMPUESTOS QUÍMICOS. Editorial UNED.
Fernández, G. (2014). Química Orgánica. Germán Fernández. Retrieved from
https://books.google.com/books?id=uhXGAgAAQBAJ&pgis=1
GuateQuímica. (n.d.). Propiedades Químicas. Retrieved March 25, 2016, from
http://www.guatequimica.com/tutoriales/aminas/Propiedades_Quimicas.htm
Johll, M. E. (2008). Química e investigación criminal: Una perspectiva de la ciencia
forense. Reverte.
McMurry, J. (2012). Quimica Orgánica. Cengage Learning Editores.
McMurry, J. E., & Simanek, E. (2007). Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry (6th
ed.). Thomson.
Morrison, R. T., & coaut., R. N. B. (1998). Química orgánica. Pearson Educación.
Nitrogeno.htm.
(n.d.).
Retrieved
March
24,
2016,
http://www.quimicaweb.net/tablaperiodica/paginas/nitrogeno.htm
from
RC, R. (2012). “USOS DE COMPUESTOS QUÍMICOS ORGÁNICOS.” Retrieved
April 5, 2016, from http://compuestosorganicos203.blogspot.com.co/
Rivera, J. M. T., & Teijón, J. M. (2006). La Química en problemas. Editorial Tebar.
Vocabulary box:

Compound: composed of or resulting from the union of separate elements,
ingredients or parts.

Base: in chemistry, any substance that in water solution is slippery to the
touch, tastes bitter, changes the color of indicators (e.g., turns red litmus
paper blue), reacts with acids to form salts, and promotes certain chemical
reactions
(base
catalysis).
Britannicacom. (2016). Encyclopedia
Britannica. Retrieved 13 April, 2016, from http://global.britannica.com

Neutralization: to cause to be neither an acid nor a base.

Polar: the condition of having positive and negative charges and especially
magnetic or electrical poles.
English review topic: yes/no and Wh- questions.