Download Theory of Evolution Review Guide Many times the key to picking out

Theory of Evolution
Review Guide
Many times the key to picking out the correct answer is in the location of the key word(s). Match the key word with
the type of anatomical evidence. You will not fill in every spot on the chart.
No longer serve a function today
Not closely related
Shares a common ancestor
Developed independtly
Same function but not closely related
Evolved independently
Similar structures but a different function
Homologous Structure
Analogous Structures
Vestigial Structures
Continued Evidence Review
Fossil Layers
Match the layer with the key phrases
Oldest layer
Most likely to have species alive today
Most complex species
Youngest layer
Top Layer
Bottom Layer
Evidence Continued
According to the following table, which animal species is most closely related to the endangered species? How do you
determine this? ________________________________________
Endangered
Amino Acid
GLY
LEU
SER
Animal Species
Sequence
ANIMAL SPECIES
GLY
LEU
PRO
#1
ANIMAL SPECIES
GLY
PRO
ASP
#2
ANIMAL SPECIES
LEU
SER
PRO
#3
Which animal species is most closely related to the endangered animal species? ___________
THR
VAL
MET
VAL
Natural Selection
Choose the correct word(s) that best fits the information provided
Beneficial traits
Variation
Theory
Adaptation
Fitness
Evolution
Allele frequency
Diversity
Hypothesis
Mutations
Speciation
Charles Darwin
1. ________________ Ability of an organism to survive and add to the gene pool through reproduction.
2. ________________ Natural selection acts upon/natural selection depends upon.
3. ________________ Differences in traits. Long fur or short fur, spots or no spots.
4. ________________ A population that has many different variations. This helps to prevent extinctions when something
drastic occurs in the population.
5. ________________ Results in changes in diversity and variations. Method to change alleles.
6. ________________ Production of a new species.
7. ________________ Inherited trait that is selected for over time because it allows organisms to better survive in their
environment.
8. _______________ A proposed explanation of observable phenomena supported by data and scientific principles.
Which part of natural selection is being described?
A. Living things overproduce
C. There is a struggle to survive
B. There is variation among offspring
D. Individuals that have desired traits are more fit
9. _____ Some bacteria cannot be killed with antibiotics.
10. _____ You are different than your brothers and sisters.
11. _____ Young plants die when taller plants keep sunlight from them.
12. _____ Low-growing plants are able to live on windy seashores.
13. _____ Foxes use the same food and dens
14. _____ Wheat seeds sprout and grow into either tall, thin plants or short, thick plants.
15. _____ An oyster produces millions of eggs.
Circle the organism that would demonstrate the greatest fitness for its environment.
Desert Plant #1: A mutation occurred causing the plant’s stomata to close (causing it to store additional water)
Desert Plant #2: A mutation occurred causing the plant’s stomata to open (causing it to lose water fast)
Tundra Fox #1: Has the ability to change its fur color to white during the winter and brown/red during the summer.
Tundra Fox #2: Retains the white fur color during all seasons (summer and winter).
Natural Selection on Population (Directional, Disruptive or Stabilizing)
Identify each type of selection.
16.
17.
18.
19.
__________ Uses the word “shift”.
___________ The middle is selected against.
___________ The phenotypes at both extreme are selected against.
___________ A phenotype at one extreme is selected against.
Two Types of Genetic Drift
Bottleneck Effect
Founder Effect
20. _____________ Some catastrophe, like an earthquake or a tsunami, kills off most of a population at random and leaves
only a handful of survivors
21. _____________ When a small group separates from a larger population and strikes out on its own.
22. _____________ Northern elephant seals were hunted almost to extinction in the late 19th century; at one point there were
as few as 20 left alive. Their population rebounded to more than 30,000 over the following century, but there is much
less genetic variation among northern elephant seals than among southern populations, which did not undergo such
intense hunting.
23. _____________ Huntington's disease is more common among the Afrikaner or Dutch-descent population of South Africa
than in most other populations, because a gene for Huntington's happened to be unusually common among the small
group of original Dutch colonists.
Isolating Mechanisms
Match the type of isolation with the definition
A. Temporal Isolation
C. Behavioral Isolation
B. Geographic Isolation
D. Mechanical Isolation
24. _____ A dam was built that prevented fish A from mating with fish B.
25. ______ Male bird species A will puff out his tail feathers in order to attract a mate. Male bird species B will sing a lovely
song in order to attract a mate. Female bird species B will never be interested in male bird species A.
26. ______ Insect species A mates during the spring while insect species B mates during the summer. Insect species A will
never mate with insect species B.
27. ______ A Great Dane and a Chihuahua would not likely mate. While you may think mating would be possible because
they are very closely related, the size difference is so great between these two animals that mating would not be very
likely.
Evolution Types
Convergent
Co-Evolution
Divergent
Adaptive Radiation
28. _____ The red fox lives in mixed farmlands and forests, where its red color helps it blend in with surrounding trees. The
kit fox lives on the plains and in the deserts, where its sandy color helps conceal it from prey and predators. The ears
of the kit fox are larger than those of the red fox. The kit fox's large ears are an adaptation to its desert environment.
The enlarged surface area of its ears helps the fox get rid of excess body heat. Similarities in structure indicate that the
red fox and the kit fox had a common ancestor. As they adapted to different environments, the appearance of the two
species diverged.
29. _____ Two unrelated types of cactus plants have adapted to desert environments, one cactus grows in the American
desert, while the other grows in the African deserts The two plants resemble each other, both have fleshy stems
armed with spines. These adaptations help the plants store water and ward off predators.
30. _____ In tropical regions bats will visit flowers to eat nectar. The fur on the bat's face and neck picks up pollen, which
the bat transfers to the next flower it visits. Bats that feed at flowers have a slender muzzle and a long tongue with a
brushed tip. These adaptations aid the bat in feeding. The flowers are light in color. Therefore, bats, which are active
at night, can easily locate them. The flowers also have a fruity odor attractive to bats.
31. _____ Fourteen species of Galapagos finches evolved from a common ancestor. The differences in their bill
shape make them suited to different diets and habitats.
Understanding Cladograms
32. Which letter represents the “common ancestor” to all of these species? ____________
33. How many species are not living today? _________ Name them: ____________________
34. How many species are alive today? _________ Name them: _______________________
35. Which species is most closely related to species A? ________ How do you know?
36. Did species D evolve from species E? (yes or no) _____
37. Can species A interbreed with species C? (yes or no) _____ Why or why not?
In the Galapagos Islands, a rare strawberry-tinted land iguana (the rosada iguana) is genetically distinct from other
iguanas. The rosada iguana diverged from the other iguanas more than five million years ago as the islands formed. The
rosada iguana was discovered only recently, as it lives on the rarely visited slopes of an active volcano. Which diagram
best represents the evolutionary pathway of the strawberry-tinted iguana?
Your Answer: ___________