Download Electric Car Charged By Vibration Energy: A Future

Journal of Management Engineering and Information Technology (JMEIT)
Volume -2, Issue- 5, Oct. 2015, ISSN: 2394 - 8124
Website: www.jmeit.com | E-mail: [email protected]|[email protected]
Electric Car Charged By Vibration Energy: A
Future Technology
Vijaylaxmi Kalyani, Shruti Lohiya, Kritika Gupta
Vijaylaxmi Kalyani, Assistant professor (EC department) Govt. women engineering college , Ajmer , Rajasthan , India
[email protected]
Shruti Lohiya, pursuing B.TECH (V sem,) ECE department, Govt. women engineering college, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
[email protected]
Kritika Gupta,, pursuing B.TECH (V sem,) ECE department, Govt. women engineering college, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
[email protected]
Abstract: In today’s existence, electric cars have a
great demand with increasingly new features established
in them. Electric cars which uses electricity to charge up
their batteries; have replaced gasoline cars with features
like high speed, less carbon emission, less maintenance,
etc but brought a great disadvantage of a big threat to
non-renewable electrical energy. So, in this paper,
authors are focusing on charging electric cars via
vibrating energy which totally replaced electricity and
made use of vibrations present around us which are
harvested economically. On an approximation, 374,000
vehicle passes on the busiest highway which produces
plenty of vibrations. Thus we are trying to use this
vibration energy with piezoelectric transducers (which
converts mechanical energy to electrical energy) with
springs which finally results in electrical energy.
Keywords: electric car, vibrating energy, piezoelectric
devices, transducers, springs.
I.I. ELECTRIC CARS
First practical electric car was built by Thomas parker in
1884.
Fig.1: Electric cars in 1884
Source:http://www.earlyamericanautomobiles.com/americanautom
obiles8b.htm
With the invention of new technologies in 1900 40% of American
automobiles were powered by steam, 38% by electricity and 22%
by gasoline.
I. INTRODUCTION
The auto car/motor car has become a very peculiar part for
today’s generation. For an instance, a person can imagine his
life without food, but not without automobile. Also,
automobile has provided us with so many advancements and
freedom and mobility. Thus automobile has become an
important part in today’s competition and business world and
also shows one’s status in the market, But on the same time
where it shows so many advantages it shows many disfavors
also. Firstly, cars operate using petrol i.e. gasoline cars are
present. On an approximation there are 115 million motor
vehicles India till 2009[1].
For such a huge amount a lot of petrol is used which is very
limited and non-renewable resource. Moreover, now there is
a new trend of electric cars which uses great amount of
electricity. Thus in this paper we introduced a new concept
of charging electric cars using vibrating energy.
A huge number of vehicles pass from highway which
produces vibrations which are further used to generate
electrical energy. And this redeem our electricity to a great
extend. piezoelectric devices, which converts mechanical
energy into electrical energy with piezoelectric materials
through piezoelectric effect. Piezoelectric devices are used in
many applications such as power harvesting shoes,
Piezoelectric fans etc. In electric cars vibration energy
produced with their running can also be converted into
electricity by piezoelectric devices. This electricity can be
stored in batteries. In this paper first we discuss about electric
car then how the electric car can be charged through
vibrations using piezoelectric devices.
Fig 2: electric cars in 1990
Source: https://knoji.com/the-electric-car-its-history-and-future
And now electric vehicle scale rose up to an approximation
of 30,000 in 20th century.
Fig: 3 electric cars in 21st century
Source:http://electrical-cars.net/citroen/citroen-ds5-reviewcarsguide-com-au.html
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Journal of Management Engineering and Information Technology (JMEIT)
Volume -2, Issue- 5, Oct. 2015, ISSN: 2394 - 8124
Website: www.jmeit.com | E-mail: [email protected]|[email protected]
With the innovation of electric car it brought many rewards
3. Present your access card to the charge point reader
with themselves like:
•
•
•
•
These cars are free from noise pollution that is
these cars produce a very less noise which is
negligible as compared to noise produced by
gasoline cars.
In electric cars there is less emission of carbon
elements which decreases the greenhouse effect.
An electric car has very high speed and is quite
smooth.
It is cheaper than gasoline. Approximately one
third to one quarter the cost of gasoline.[2]
I.II. TYPES OF ELECTRIC CARS/ VEHICLE
Fig 6: Showing access card to the charge point reader
Source: https://www.esb.ie/electric-cars/electric-car-charging/howto-charge-an-electric-car.jsp
4. To start charging connect the cable to the charge point
and then to your car. A full charge will take 2-6 hours
depending on the battery and charge status.
1. Battery electric vehicles: These cars run entirely on
electricity stored in a battery and are recharged at stations
such as at home, public areas, or on the road. They have an
operating range of 60+ miles and take about six to eight hours
to recharge at 220 volts.
2. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs): These cars run
on both electricity and gasoline and can be plugged in for a
charge. The ranges of these cars vary, but usually run
between 10 to 40 miles before the vehicle operates like a
hybrid.
Fig 7: Showing connection of charging cable to the car
Source: https://www.esb.ie/electric-cars/electric-car-charging/howto-charge-an-electric-car.jsp
I.III. HOW TO CHARGE AN ELECTRIC CAR:
Electric car can be recharged at homes, public areas and
service stations. We can also charge the electric car overnight
at a conveniently located home charge point.
We can Charge the electric cars at the public charge points
using the following steps:
1.Locate the nearest public charge point
Fig 8. Showing Charger connected to Car charging point
Source: https://www.esb.ie/electric-cars/electric-car-charging/howto-charge-an-electric-car.jsp
5. To end charging hold the access car to the charge point
red
Fig 4. Showing public charge point
Source:https://www.esb.ie/electric-cars/electric-car-charging/howto-charge-an-electric-car.jsp
2. Park your car in the dedicated electric car parking spot
next
to
the
charge
point
r
Fig 9. Showing Car Access Card
Source: https://www.esb.ie/electric-cars/electric-car-charging/howto-charge-an-electric-car.jsp
6.
Disconnect the cable from the car and then from the
charge point
Fig 5: Showing Parked vehicle for Charging
Source: https://www.esb.ie/electric-cars/electric-car-charging/howto-charge-an-electric-car.jsp
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Journal of Management Engineering and Information Technology (JMEIT)
Volume -2, Issue- 5, Oct. 2015, ISSN: 2394 - 8124
Website: www.jmeit.com | E-mail: [email protected]|[email protected]
I.IV. FAST CHARGING
II. HOW ELECTRIC CAR CHARGED BY THE
Fast charge points are located at service stations and roadside
cafés to cater for those on longer journeys. An 80% charge
from zero can be achieved in approximately 25 minutes[3].
1.Remove the connector from the fast charge point by
pushing
the
button
on
the
connector
Fig 11. Showing Removal of Charger from charging station
Source: https://www.esb.ie/electric-cars/electric-car- charging/howto-charge-an-electric-car.jsp
2. Insert the connector into the vehicle socket. Follow the
onscreen instructions to charge your vehicle
Fig 12. Showing connecting the Charger to the car’s socket
Source: https://www.esb.ie/electric-cars/electric-car-charging/howto-charge-an-electric-car.jsp
VIBRATION ENERGY
A huge number of vehicles pass from highway which
produces vibrations which are further used to generate
electrical energy. And this redeem our electricity to a great
extend. Piezoelectric are a vibration energy harvester, which
converts mechanical energy into electrical energy with
Piezoelectric materials through piezoelectric effect.
Piezoelectric devices are used in many applications such as
power harvesting shoes, Piezoelectric fans etc. In electric cars
vibration energy produced with their running can also be
converted into electricity by piezoelectric vibration energy
harvesters. This electricity can be stored in batteries.
Unlike other electric cars that rely on special charging
stations or an extension cord plugged into an outlet at home,
the electric car charged by the vibration energy relies on
piezoelectric devices to charge the car’s battery as it moves.
The vehicles on the road waste a great deal of energy that
could be harvested for good use. Every moment that a vehicle
is moving or running on the road, it’s bouncing and vibrating
and those movements could be harnessed by piezoelectric
devices to generate electricity that could recharge the battery.
With piezoelectric devices located on both sides of each
passenger seat, this concept car could keep it running
efficiently with no additional expenditures for electricity or
gasoline. The electric car would obviously need another
source of energy as a back-up.
3. Red light indicates charging has started
Fig 13. Showing Charging indication.
Source: https://www.esb.ie/electric-cars/electric-car-charging/howto-charge-an-electric-car.jsp
4. Electric car charging at fast charge
Fig 14. Showing charging station and car on fast charging
Source:https://www.esb.ie/electric-cars/electric-car-charging/howto-charge-an-electric-car.jsp
Fig 15: Electric cars charged via vibrating energy
http://gajitz.com/good-vibrations-electric-car-uses-bumpsto-charge-battery/
II.I. PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIALS
Harvesting energy from vibration is one of the most obvious
solutions for automotive systems. The word piezoelectricity
explores “electricity produced due to pressure”. Piezoelectric
effect is the generation of electrical charge resulting from
mechanical force. And the materials which are used or show
this type of property are termed as piezoelectric
material\crystals. Piezoelectric materials have a crystalline
structure with the help of which we can produce electrical
energy from mechanical vibrations. This effect is mostly
produced by crystals of tourmaline, quartz, topaz, and
Rochelle salt. Since piezoelectric materials directly convert
mechanical to electrical energy, thus have become most
attractive functional materials for sensors and actuators.[4]
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Journal of Management Engineering and Information Technology (JMEIT)
Volume -2, Issue- 5, Oct. 2015, ISSN: 2394 - 8124
Website: www.jmeit.com | E-mail: [email protected]|[email protected]
When vibrations through spring is produced on the
I.III. VIBRATION ENERGY
piezoelectric material through mechanical stress like through
Through quantum physics, we came to know that everything
load from vehicles, humans foot, railway tracks, dance floors,
in our universe is energy. Universal law states that everything
etc. then positive and negative charge centre’s shift which
in the universe is vibrating- nothing is stable. There is an
results in an external electrical field. For such conversion
firstly, mechanical energy is converted into a.c voltage and
ample amount of vibration energy around us, but is not
then it is converted into d.c voltage.
harvested. Thus, in this paper we are trying to use this
Thus electronic charge accumulates in response to
vibration energy. Also, charging electric equipments through
mechanical stress applied. When certain crystals are strained,
vibration energy has become very promising technology
polarization occurs and the amount of polarization is directly
now-a-days.
proportional to stress applied. And thus piezoelectric crystals
are used to harvest the energy produced by the vibrations
Vibration energy is produced by tall buildings, people
from traffic on the road.
walking on side roads, railway tracks, heavy machines in
mechanical workshops or in gyms, dancing floors,
piezoelectric wind mill and vehicles, etc. in many areas, there
is a great shortage of electricity. After the introduction of
electric cars, it greatly increased the shortage of electricity.
Also electric car is not easily accessible to every person due
to very high rates of electricity.
II.IV. VIBRATION ENERGY TO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
Fig 16. Showing energy generation through vibration.
Source:http://help2healsoulsyncscribe.blogspot.in/2014/01/help2he
al-soulsync-scribes-surmisings.html
II.II SPRINGS
Spring plays a very vital role in our concept .the spring
contracts and expands resulting in production of electric flux.
Also, when spring contracts and expands continuously many
a times. It taps and creates a mechanical stress on the piezoelectric crystal placed below the springs. This creates
electromagnetic induction resulting n electric voltage.
We are harvesting this vibration energy using piezoelectric
crystals, working on piezoelectric effect. That is, when there
is no pressure applied on the crystals, the centre’s of the
negative and positive charges concurs on each other. The
overall effect is cancelled and thus that material is neutral.
After when pressure is exerted on the piezoelectric crystals,
they force to change the internal structure and now +ve and –
ve charges do not coincides, as a result of which dipoles are
generated which further results in polarized molecule. This
polarized material generates an electric field whose amount
depends on amount of polarization which depends on
quantity of vibrations occurred. This electric field generated
transforms mechanical energy into electrical energy. This a.c
voltage is converted into d.c voltage using rectifiers. [7]
Contrary, we use carbon nanotubes-tube shaped molecules of
pure carbon which can be formed into tiny springs. The main
reason behind using carbon-nanotubes is that they are capable
of storing a large amount of energy (in pounds) more durably
and reliably. On estimation, for a same weight nano-tubes can
produce and store more than 1000 times as compared to steel
springs. These springs are temperature resistant that is they
are not affected by temperature changes [5] [6]
Fig 18. Showing generation of energy through vibration energy
Source:https://www.google.co.in/search?q=vehicles+using+vibratio
n+energy+images
III. METHODOLOGY
Conversion of vibration energy caused by vehicles into
electrical energy occurs in following ways:
1.
Fig 17. Showing Spring in action.
Source:https://www.google.co.in/search?q=carbon+nanotubes+ima
ges
2.
When vehicles/traffic passes on through that
particular area, it tends to contract the springs
placed at the level of the road.
After that when vehicle is passed, spring
continuously expands and contracts, which
continuously comes in contact with piezoelectric
crystals which creates a pressure on the crystals.
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Journal of Management Engineering and Information Technology (JMEIT)
3.
4.
5.
6.
Volume -2, Issue- 5, Oct. 2015, ISSN: 2394 - 8124
Website: www.jmeit.com | E-mail: [email protected]|[email protected]
When pressure is exerted, it results in deformation
Israeli engineers are about to begin testing a 100 meter
and movement of positive and negative charges
stretch of roadway embedded with a network of Piezo
which induces electric field and finally electrical
Electric Generators [9].
energy.
This output is fed to rectifier which converts a.c
2. Practical application of Piezo smart roads:
into d.c. either half wave or full wave rectifier can
be used for this purpose.
The piezoelectric energy-generating roads have been
Further microcontroller is used to display the status
proposed in the car capitol of the world –California.
of battery that is, how much % of battery gets
charged whenever vehicle passes on from that layer
of piezoelectric transducers.
After this output is fed to inverters; an electrical
device that converts d.c to a.c. and finally electrical
energy gets saved in inverters only and can be used
when needed.
The output obtained from a single piezoelectric
crystal is in mili volts range. So, we arrange many
piezoelectric crystals in series to get higher
voltage. And the received energy is stored in
Fig.21:Piezoelectric Energy-Generating Roads Proposed for
lithium batteries. [8].
California
Source:http://inhabitat.com/piezoelectric-energy-generating-roadsproposed-for-california/californiaroads/
Fig 19
Source:www.slideshare.net/ankitanath243/ankitaseminar-footsteps-39421209-31
IV. ENERGY STORAGE
The harvested energy can be stored in rechargeable batteries
or super capacitors, or both. The range of products available
is vast, ranging from systems that can start a truck with a flat
battery from cold, to subminiature devices operating at the
µV level. If an application requires high level of power, then
a fast charge/discharge super capacitor may be the best
solution. If low levels of power are required to be released
slowly over a long period of time, then rechargeable batteries
are a better best solution.
This design is based on the concept of piezoelectricity
that is produced in response to the mechanical stress
applied on some solid materials like crystals and some
ceramics. The design proposes the placement of piezoelectric
sensors beneath the road surface which would produce
electricity from the vibrations caused by the movement
of vehicles on the road. When applied on roads, the
piezoelectric technology could produce up to 44
megawatts of electricity per year from one kilometer
stretch of the road and meet the energy demand of about
30,800 households.
3. To light up street lights:
In this we used this energy to charge electric cars, at that place
we can use this energy to light up street lights.
V. APPLICATIONS
1. Piezoelectric road harvests traffic energy to generate
electricity.
Fig 22. Showing lightening of street lights
Source: www.slideshare.net/researcher1234/piezoelectricity-powergeneration-report
4. Power generating sidewalk:
The piezoelectric crystal arrays are laid underneath
pavements where a huge crowd passes creating vibrations.
Fig. 20:Piezoelectric road harvests traffic energy to generate
electricity
Source:http://www.gizmag.com/piezoelectric-road-harvests-trafficenergy-to-generate-electricity/10568/
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Journal of Management Engineering and Information Technology (JMEIT)
Volume -2, Issue- 5, Oct. 2015, ISSN: 2394 - 8124
Website: www.jmeit.com | E-mail: [email protected]|[email protected]
VII. FUTURE SCOPE
Fig 23. Showing walkway having peizo device
Source:www.slideshare.net/subhashjohn1/piezoelectric-electricbased-energy-harvesting.
5. Railway tracks:
A moving train produces an ample amount of vibrations.
Thus piezoelectric crystals are mounted nearby to use those
vibrations.
6. Gyms and heavy machinery:
Fig 24. Showing use of Piezo devices at gyms
Source: www.slideshare.net/subhashjohn1/piezoelectric-
This idea plays a vital role in saving electricity for future
generations. This stored electrical energy can be used to
power other devices also or can be stored. Also there are
many other ways present for us besides electricity to charge
up electric cars. These ways can also act as a better substitute
to electricity and can be used when electrical energy is not
present. We can charge our electric cars by mounting solar
panels and charging via solar energy. Also, we can use a
turbine mounted at the top of the car so whenever car runs,
turbine rotates due to wind energy present which is converted
into electrical energy by transducers.
VIII. REFERENCES
[1.] Sanjay Kumar Singh, ”urban transport in India: issues,
challenges, and the way forward ,European transport/ issue 52,
ISSN 1825-3997.
[2.] http:/www.plugincars.com/electriccars-pros128637.html=aponpf19q58-8*a.
[3.]https://www.esb.ie/electric-cars/electric-car-charging/howto-charge-an-electric-car.jsp
[4.] F A hill, T F havel and C Livermore- modeling
mechanical energy stored in springs based on carbon
nanotubes- iop publishing ltd. Volume 20,no-25
[5.] http:/news.mit.edu/2009/super-springs-0921.
[6.] www.slideshare.net/subhashjohn1/piezoelectric-electricbased-energy-harvesting.
[7.]
www.slideshare.net/researcher1234/piezoelectricitypower-generation-report .
[8.]
http://www.gizmag.com/piezoelectric-road-harveststraffic-energy-to-generate-electricity/10568/
electric-based-energy-harvesting.
AUTHOR’S DETAILS
VI. CONCLUSION:
From this paper we are trying to give an attention to the new
ways with advanced technologies present in front of us for
generating electrical energy. Since electrical energy is nonrenewable so there is a great need to save electrical energy
efficiently. Thus, by collaborating this vibration energy with
electric cars can save a huge amount of electricity. And that
saved electricity can be used to light up many lives hopes. In
this concept the Piezoelectric materials plays a very
important role. The Piezoelectric materials have the ability to
transform mechanical energy into electrical energy. The
amount of energy generated depends on the number of
passing vehicles and the number of piezoelectric elements on
the road. Then this received energy is stored in batteries. This
idea can be used anywhere to generate electricity and is also
very cost effective.
Vijay Laxmi Kalyani Assistant professor EC
department govt. Women engineering college, Ajmer.
IAENG membership. Attended various seminars and
conferences and also published many papers in
conferences and journals.
Shruti Lohiya presently pursuing B.Tech III year (v
sem) EC branch from govt. women engineering college,
Ajmer. This is author’s second paper.
Kritika Gupta presently pursuing B.Tech III year (v
sem) EC branch from govt. women engineering college,
Ajmer.
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