Download Lab 09 - Respiratory Anatomy

Week 09 Lab
Respiratory Anatomy
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
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Identify the major respiratory system structures on models or appropriate images, and describe the
function of each.
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Name the serous membrane that encloses each lung and describe its structure.
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Identify the major respiratory system organs in a dissected animal.
Recognize the histologic structure of the trachea and lung tissue microscopically or in an image. and
describe the functions served by the observed structures.
ACTIVITY 1: Respiratory System—Gross Anatomy (Models)
In Lab:
1. On the torso model(s), you should be able to find:
(Use Martini Figs. 23-3, 23-6, and 23-7.)
❍ nasal cavity
❍ vestibular folds
❍ superior, middle, and inferior nasal
conchae
❍ vocal folds
❍ nasopharynx
❍ trachea
❍ oropharynx
❍ primary bronchi
❍ laryngopharynx
❍ pulmonary arteries and veins
❍ epiglottis
❍ lungs
2. On the larynx model, you should be able to find:
❍ glottis
(Use Martini Fig. 23-4.)
❍ thyroid cartilage
❍ arytenoid cartilages
❍ cricoid cartilage
❍ vocal folds
❍ hyoid bone
3. On the pulmonary lobule model, you should be able to find: (Use Martini Fig. 23-9.)
❍ terminal bronchiole
❍ alveoli
❍ respiratory bronchiole
❍ pulmonary capillaries
❍ alveolar sac
❍ visceral pleura
4. You can find a gallery of our respiratory anatomy images online at http://bit.ly/10aLjZ3. (Link also
available in Canvas.)
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ACTIVITY 2: Respiratory System—Gross Anatomy (Cat Dissection)
Before beginning:
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Inform the instructor if you need to drain embalming fluid from your cat.
In Lab:
1. Using a blunt probe, clear out the connective tissue around the trachea and then work your way toward
the larynx, cutting muscles that are holding the larynx in place.
2. Pull up on the trachea and larynx and free the larynx by cutting across the pharynx above the epiglottis.
3. Examine the epiglottis, the glottis and the vocal folds. The vestibular folds are the paired structures lateral
to the vocal folds.
4. Carefully examine the trachea. Note the cartilage rings. Are the rings complete or incomplete?
5. Identify the phrenic nerve, which runs through the thoracic cavity
to the diaphragm. On the left it is a white string-like structure in
connective tissue attached to the diaphragm (see photo on right).
On the right it follows the precava.
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6. Separate the lobes of the cat’s lungs and count them. In the cat there are four lobes on the right and
three on the left. Note the visceral pleura tightly adhered to the lungs.
7. In the region of the heart, continue clearing away connective tissue to expose the end of the trachea and
the branches of the primary bronchi. You may have to cut through the postcava and some pulmonary
blood vessels to move the heart out of the way.
8. Using a probe, scrape away some of the lung tissue to reveal the bronchial tree.
9. Cut out a very thin piece of lung tissue and view it under the dissecting microscope.
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ACTIVITY 3: Examining Prepared Slides of Trachea and Lung Tissue
WARNING:
We have slides of a variety of lung disorders (carcinoma, emphysema, tuberculosis, etc.). They should be on
their own slide trays, but other classes sometimes mix them in with the normal slides. We will not be using
disease-state slides in this course. Please read the slide labels before you take your slides off the trays to
make sure you don’t have one of these disease-state slides.
In Lab:
1. Obtain a compound microscope and a slide of a cross section of trachea and esophagus. Using Martini
Fig. 23-6b as a reference, you should be able to find the following:
❍ trachea lumen
❍ lamina propria
❍ pseudostratified ciliated columnar
epithelium (lining the lumen)
❍ C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings
❍ esophagus
2. Obtain a slide of lung tissue for examination. The alveolus is the main structural and functional unit of
the lung and is the actual site of gas exchange. On the slide, you should be able to identify:
❍ an alveolar duct
❍ an alveolar sac
❍ alveoli
Week 09 Lab: Respiratory Anatomy
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