Download Antioxidant defense system targeted to help maintain a healthy

Antioxidant defense system targeted to help maintain a
healthy antioxidant/pro-oxidant balance
Unlike most antioxidant products on the market today, the vegetarian* formula of
ThioZyme®AO combines pivotal cellular antioxidants with their vital partners, antioxidant
enzymes, to combat toxic free radicals and help alleviate damaging oxidative stress.
*In accordance with guidelines by the American Vegetarian Association.
Antioxidants and Free Radicals
The Balance of Power
Antioxidants are well known for the protection they
provide our bodies from damaging free radicals. Free
radicals are unstable atoms or molecules that oxidize
other molecules, and are produced by our bodies as
part of normal metabolism. These oxidized products
are even more unstable and react with other molecules
in domino-like chain reactions, leading to oxidative
stress. Oxidative stress is the total burden placed on
organisms by the constant production of free radicals.
This stress may result from environmental factors,
lifestyle choices, and even the aging process. By the
time a free radical chain dies out, it may negatively
impact vital components of our cells.
It is important to note that antioxidants can actually
become pro-oxidants when they scavenge free
radicals. Although pro-oxidants produce inflammatory
responses that protect the body, the potential
imbalance caused by too few antioxidants and too
many pro-oxidants leads to oxidative stress, which
may cause damage to cells and body fluids. In a
healthy system, antioxidants are able to regenerate
themselves, maintaining the body’s natural antioxidant
defense system2. Therefore, since antioxidants can
become pro-oxidants, they are best taken together so
that they can regenerate each other1, and help maintain
a healthy system balance.
Pro-oxidants are free radicals that are byproducts from Well known components of the antioxidant system
the body’s use of oxygen in the energy cycle. These
include vitamins C and E, alpha-lipoic acid, as well
pro-oxidants cause the same type
as enzymes such as catalase and
of oxidative damage in the body
superoxide dismutase (SOD).
The Balance Between
Pro-Oxidants and Antioxidants
that we observe watching a peeled
However, the key components
apple decay and turn brown. Our
to the body’s defense system are
Antioxidants
Pro-Oxidants
organs experience the same type
glutathione, along with ample
(Reactive Oxygen
Species-Free Radicals)
of decay and erosion over time
supplies of selenium-amino acids and
OXIDATIVE STRESS
from unchecked free radicals1.
the amino acid cysteine, because of
Cell & Tissue Damage
their ability to recycle each other and
Oxidants
Antioxidants
Free radicals are also generated
the aforementioned antioxidants.
in the cells of the body by the
Protection/Tissue Repair
Cell/Tissue Damage
Glutathione is the most studied and
metabolic process of converting
important protective molecule in the
Figure
1.
food to energy. As a result, the cells
human body, while cysteine imparts
have a built-in antioxidant “defense
critical functionality to glutathione.
Antioxidants
Can
Become
system” that guards against
reactive oxygen species (ROS) and
toxic free radicals.2 This antioxidant
defense system is comprised of
many interrelated substances
that maintain a proper balance of
reduced/ oxidized antioxidants.
Evidence implies that maintenance
of the body’s natural defense
system could reduce development
of disease.1
Pro-Oxidants
Reduction with
Thione Complex™
Oxidized Vitamins
C & E (Pro-Oxidants)
Figure 2.
Vitamins C & E
(Antioxidants)
Vitamins Scavenge
Free Radicals to
Non-Toxic Molecules
For example, the conjugate base of
alpha-lipoic acid (lipoate) is reduced
to dihydrolipoate (DHLA), which
is able to attack reactive oxygen
species such as superoxide and
peroxyl radicals, among others. It also
protects membranes by interacting
with vitamin C and glutathione, which
may in turn recycle vitamin E.3
(cont. on back)
Alpha-lipoic acid is able to cross the blood-brain barrier and functions in
fat or water. In fact, it interacts with its antioxidant partners — vitamins
E and C — and also helps to conserve them. When the body is deficient
of glutathione and lipoic acid, the other antioxidants do not properly
network together.4
Several types of antioxidants play various roles in the defense network
in vivo3. A balance of pro-oxidant/antioxidant levels within this network
is critical to proper function of the body’s defense system. Mammalian
cells have developed numerous mechanisms to prevent or treat injurious
events that can result from normal oxidative by-products of cellular
metabolism. The “Glutathione (GSH) antioxidant system” – a critical
component of ThioZymeAO – is foremost among these natural protective
systems because GSH contributes directly to the destruction of reactive
oxygen compounds and maintains, in reduced active form, vitamins C and
E, which also exert an antioxidant effect4 .
Glutathione/Selenium Regeneration
of Vitamin C
Reduced Glutathione
(2GSH)
Oxidized Glutathione
(GSSG)
The Cell’s Antioxidant Defenses
Glutathione/Selenium Regenerate Vitamin C
Lipid Membrane
Free Radical
Vitamin E
L-Cysteine
Selenomethionine
Water Compartment
Vitamin C
Radical
Glutathione/
Selenium
Thioredoxin
Reductase
Component Benefits
The patented Thione Complex™ (#
5,922,346), in combination with other
components of ThioZymeAO, work
synergistically to keep the body’s
defensive network functioning properly,
both by direct antioxidant action and by
regeneration of antioxidants, including
glutathione itself.
Each 400mg dose is formulated to
contain:
• Thione Complex™ - Glutathione and
Selenomethionine are the prime
antioxidants that help maintain cellular
integrity and function.
• Alpha-Lipoic Acid – A potent
antioxidant in its own right, ALA works
in fat or water tissue compartments.
It serves to recycle other antioxidants,
including Glutathione.
• Superoxide Dismustase – A class
of enzymes that disproportions or
changes superoxide in hydrogen
peroxide, which is further reduced
by catalase or one of the other
antioxidants in the defense system.
• Catalase – Enzymatically converts
hydrogen peroxide to water and
oxygen.
Oxidized Vitamin C
(Ascorbate)
Vitamin C
(Ascorbic Acid)
Figure 3.
Neutralized
Radical
Vitamin C
Figure 4.
Figure 4. The cooperative effect
of antioxidants is both intra- and
extra-cellular.
The Cell’s Antioxidant Defenses
Glutathione Destruction of H2O2
Reduced
Glutathione
(2GSH)
Glutathione Reductase
Oxidized
Glutathione
(GSSG)
Selenomethionine
Glutathione
Peroxidase
Figure 5.
Vitamin E
Radical
Hydrogen Peroxide
H2O2
Figure 5. In performing its
antioxidant function, two GSH are
oxidized to GSSG (pro-oxidant).
In order for GSH regeneration via
glutathione reductase to occur,
Selenium (i.e. Selenomethionine) is
necessary5.
Water
H2O
• N-acetyl-L-Cysteine – An easily
absorbed derivative of the amino acid
cysteine which has multiple functions
including reversible redox changes and
precursor for Glutathione.
• Ascorbic Acid (vitamin C) – Potent,
water soluble antioxidant.
• Vitamin E – Important fat soluble
antioxidant that neutralizes reactive
molecules in lipid tissues such as cell
membranes.
• Solarplast™ - Light to energy
converting organelles encased in
endogenous lipid bilayers, with
high concentrations of antioxidant
components including Glutathione
reductase, NADPH and FAD.
• Adenosine Triphosphate – ATP is an
energy molecule that recycles NADP
to NADPH.
References:
1. Hersh, T. and Barkin, W. The Balance of Power.
2. Hersh, T., To “C” or not to “C.” The Dual Role of Vitamin C as an Antioxidant and Pro-oxidant.
3. Niki, E. Assessment of Antioxidant Capacity in vitro and in vivo. Free Radical Biology & Medicine. 2010. Vol
49, 503–515. Elsevier, Inc.
4. Bounous, G, Molson, J. Competition for Glutathione Precursors Between the Immune System and the
Skeletal Muscle: Pathogenesis of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Med Hypothesis 53; (4): 347-349.
5. Poveromo, J. Giving Selenium Careful Consideration. Nutrition Industry Executive, June 2010, pp. 44-45.
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose,
treat, cure or prevent any disease. If you are currently taking medications, or have other health-related conditions, consult a
physician before adding supplements to your diet.
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we add value at every step.®
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