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Chapter 28: Protists
‘Kingdom’ Protista
 Domain Eukarya
 Anything that’s not animal, plant, or fungus
o Animal-, plant-, & fungi-like
 Most structural & functional diversity of any group
 Complexity
o Most unicellular, some multicellular & colonial
o Everything we do in single cell
 Dinner
o Photoautotroph – photosynthetic producer
o Heterotroph – ingest food particles via phagocytosis
o Mixotrophy – #1 & #2
 To Sex or Not To Sex?
o Asexual Reproduction
 Binary Fission
o Sexual Reproduction
 Animal-like (diploid organism)
 Plant-like (alternation of generations)
 Fungus-like (haploid organism)
 Ecological Roles
o Consumers – Amoebas & paramecium
o Producers – Algaes, dinoflagellates, diatoms
o Decomposers – Oomycetes, cellular & plasmodial slime mold
o Symbionts (mutualist & parasite) – Zooxanthellae & Hypermastigotes (in termites; digest wood)
Ciliates
 Use cilia to move & feed
 Have large macronuclei & small micronuclei
o Micronuclei traded during conjugation
 e.g. paramecium & stentor
Dinoflagellates
 Aquatic mixotrophs & heterotrophs
 Major parts of marine & freshwater phytoplankton
 Two flagella make them spin as they move thru water
 e.g. red tide, zooxanthellae
Diatoms
 Unicellular algae w/ two glass-like walls of silica
 Withstand great crush force
 Carbon sinks
 Major part of phytoplankton
Brown Algae
 Largest, most complex algae
 Multicellular photosynthesizer
 Alternation of generations
 e.g. giant kelp, sea palm
 Thallus
o Algal body that is plant-like
o Structures:
 Holdfast – anchor (roots)
 Stipe – support (stem)
 Blade – photosynthesis (leaf)
Red Algae
 Reddish in color (accessory pigment hides green chlorophyll)
 Mostly multicellular; largest are seaweeds
 Most abundant large algae in tropical coast waters
Green Algae
 Have chloroplasts
 Closest protist relative to plants
 Most in fresh water, some marine
 e.g. Chlamydomonas, Volvox, & Sea Lettuce
Oomycetes
 Water molds, white rusts, & downy mildews (former fungi)
 Decomposers or parasites
 Have filamentous hyphae facilitating nutrient uptake
 e.g. Phytophthora infestans
 Phytophthora infestans
Slime Molds
 Former Fungi
 Cellular Slime Molds
o Mass of cells separated by membranes
o Cells feed on own, then combine to form fruiting body
 Plasmodial Slime Molds
o Large mass of cytoplasm w/ many nuclei (one big cell)
o Pseudopodia engulf dead matter
Parasites
 Plasmodium – Cause malaria
o Need Anopheles mosquito & humans to complete life cycle
o ~2 mill. die each year
 Trypanosoma – Cause Sleeping Sickness
o Need Tsetse fly & humans