Download HLTAP401A Confirm physical health status

HLT07 Health
Training Package
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HLTAP401A
Confirm physical
health status
Learner resource
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Version 2
Training and Education Support
Industry Skills Unit
Meadowbank
Product Code: 5079
HLTAP401A Confirm physical health status
Acknowledgments
The TAFE NSW Training and Education Support Industry Skills Unit, Meadowbank
would like to acknowledge the support and assistance of the following people in the
production of this learner resource guide:
Writer:
Liz Bougaardt
TAFE NSW
Reviewers:
Project Manager:
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Christine Manwarring
Program Manager
Health and Age Services
TAFE NSW
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Rhonda Albani
Amanda Culver
Sherryl Dismorr
TAFE NSW
Acknowledgements are also given to all teachers of the Enrolled Nurse Education
Program.
Enquiries
Enquiries about this and other publications can be made to:
SA
Training and Education Support Industry Skills Unit, Meadowbank
Meadowbank TAFE
Level 3, Building J
See Street,
MEADOWBANK NSW 2114
Tel: 02-9942 3200
Fax: 02-9942 3257
© The State of New South Wales, Department of Education and
Training, TAFE NSW, Training and Education Support Industry Skills
Unit, Meadowbank, 2010.
Copyright of this material is reserved to TAFE NSW Training and Education
Support Industry Skills Unit, Meadowbank. Reproduction or transmittal in
whole or in part, other than for the purposes of private study or research, and
subject to the provisions of the Copyright Act, is prohibited without the written
authority of, TAFE NSW. Training and Education Support Industry Skills Unit,
Meadowbank.
ISBN 978-1-74236-168-0
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HLTAP401A Confirm physical health status
Table of contents
Introduction ....................................................................................... 7
1.
General introduction ............................................................................. 7
2.
Using this learner guide......................................................................... 7
3.
Prior knowledge and experience ............................................................. 9
4.
Unit of competence overview ................................................................. 9
5.
Assessment ........................................................................................14
Medical/health terminology ........................................... 15
Section 2
Cell structure and function ............................................. 39
Section 3
Tissues/organs/systems ................................................ 49
Section 4
Normal anatomy and physiology of all body systems ..... 59
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Section 1
Integumentary system ..................................................................................59
Musculoskeletal system .................................................................................62
Nervous system ...........................................................................................69
Central Nervous System ................................................................................73
Peripheral nervous system (PNS) ....................................................................76
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Endocrine system .........................................................................................85
Cardiovascular system ..................................................................................99
Lymphatic system ...................................................................................... 104
Respiratory system ..................................................................................... 106
Gastrointestinal system ............................................................................... 111
Urinary system ........................................................................................... 119
Male reproductive system ............................................................................ 124
Female reproductive system ........................................................................ 129
Section 5
Homeostasis ................................................................. 137
Section 6
Causes of disease/environmental factors affecting
health ........................................................................... 139
Resource List .................................................................................. 141
Resource Evaluation Form .............................................................. 143
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HLTAP401A Confirm physical health status
Section 1
Medical/health terminology
Medical terminology is the professional language of those who are directly or
indirectly engaged in the art of healing. The primary goal of introducing you to
medical terminology is to help you develop the ability to read and understand the
language of medicine.
Most medical terms are derived from either Greek or Latin. For example Nephro
(from the Greek, Nephros) and Ren (from the Latin, Ren) are both terms meaning
the kidney. Some new medical words continue to use Latin derivatives for example
vitamins, meaning life, but many have other sources, for example, German, French
and Dutch languages.
1. Word Elements
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Many medical terms are combinations of components from ancient languages. As
your vocabulary grows you will begin to notice patterns that employ some of these
components. Over time, increased knowledge of the more common components will
enable you to recognise more quickly or recall more easily the modern meaning of
the term. Breaking words apart to arrive at their inner meaning helps you develop a
knowledge of word form and usage that eventually will enable you to utilize medical
terminology appropriately.
Three types of word parts (elements) are used to create medical terms. These are:



prefixes
root words
suffixes.
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Prefixes always come at the beginning of a word. They usually, but not always,
indicate location, time, number or status.
Root words contain the basic meaning of the term. They usually, but not always,
indicate the involved body part.
Suffixes always come at the end of a word. They usually, but not always, indicate the
procedure, condition, disorder, or disease.
The following list presents these key concepts plus combining form elements and
compound words:
A.
Prefix – refers to one or two syllables or word parts placed before a word to
modify or alter its meaning (the beginning of a word).
Example: hemigastrectomy
hemi (prefix) = half
gastro (root word) = stomach
ectomy (suffix) = removal or excision of
hemigastrectomy = removal of half the stomach
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HLTAP401A Confirm physical health status
Example: myocardium
myo (prefix) = muscle
card (root word) = heart
ium (suffix) = pertaining to
myocardium = pertaining to heart (cardiac) muscle
B.
Root word element – refers to the main body of the word (the stem or
foundation of a word). It may be accompanied by a prefix or suffix.
Example: adenoma
aden (root word) = gland
oma (suffix) = tumour
adenoma = gland tumour
Example: cardiac
cardi (root word) = heart
ac (suffix) = pertaining to
cardiac = pertaining to the heart
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Example: hysterectomy
hyster (root word) = uterus
ectomy (suffix) = removal or excision of
hysterectomy = removal of uterus
word to
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C.
Suffix – one or two syllables or word parts attached to the end of a
modify or alter its meaning (the ending of a word).
Example: cardiectasia
cardi (root word) = heart
ectasia (suffix) = dilation
cardiectasia = dilation of the heart
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a)
Selected suffixes meaning „pertaining to‟ include –ac, -ic, -al, -eal, -ary, ium,
and –ous.
For example:
cardiac / hypochondriac
hepatic / psychogenic
arterial / perianal / hysterical
coccygeal / tracheal
dietary / alimentary / pulmonary
pericardium / endometrium
sebaceous / venous
Example: haemic
haem (root word) = blood
ic = pertaining to
haemic = pertaining to blood
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HLTAP401A Confirm physical health status
b)
Selected suffixes meaning „agent, person concerned, instrument‟ include -er
and -ist.
Radiographer / audiometer
Psychiatrist / dentist / specialist
Example: pathologist
path (root word) = disease or morbid condition
-logy (suffix) = science or study of
-ist (suffix) = one who
pathologist = one who studies disease or morbid conditions
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Activity 1
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
a prefix
a word root
a suffix.
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Using a medical dictionary, find two medical terms that can identify:
Write your answers here
(ii)
(iii)
and
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(i)
and
and
2. Combining form elements
This results when a vowel, usually a, i, e, or o, is added to a word root or base. The
vowels used most commonly as combining form elements are a, i, or o. The vowel is
usually deleted from a combining form when the next letter that follows is also a
vowel.
Example: proctitis
procto (combining form) = denoting relationship to the rectum
itis (suffix) = inflammation of
proctitis correct combination
proctoitis incorrect combination (o should be dropped)
proctitis = inflammation of the rectum
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HLTAP401A Confirm physical health status
Activity 2
Find in your medical dictionary another term where the vowel is deleted.
Write the example below.
_________________________________________________________________
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_________________________________________________________________
3. Compound Words
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_________________________________________________________________
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These result when two or more root or base word elements are used to form a word.
Usually adjectives or nouns are added to a root word to form compound words.
Compound words may include a combining form, a root or base word element, and a
suffix or word ending.
Example: myocardiopathy
myo (combining form element) = relationship to muscle
cardio (combining form element) = relationship to heart
pathy (suffix) = disease or morbid condition
myocardiopathy = disease of the heart muscle
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