Download SW Asia Timeline

Chapter 22 - Venn Diagram
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Sequence ________
SOUTHWEST ASIA TIMELINE
B. C.
1000 King David establishes Jerusalem as the Israelite capital *
A. D.
335
The church of the Holy Sepulcher is completed in Jerusalem
613
Muhammad begins to preach the religion of Islam *
600s Arabs sweep north out of the desert, capturing much of northern Africa and Southwestern
including Jerusalem / Late 600s - Muslims build Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem
Late 1800’s
1936
Jewish migration to Palestine increases as a result of W W ll and the Holocaust
The State of Israel is created. Jerusalem is divided between Israel and Jordan *
1948-82
1960
The Zionist movement begins
Oil is discovered in Saudi Arabia *
1930s-40s
1948
Asia,
Israel and its Arab neighbors fight several wars
OPEC is established *
1967 Israel fight the Six-Days War with its neighbors. The Golan Heights and the West Bank
territory and Jerusalem is reunited
become Israeli
1979
Saddam Hussein becomes president of Iraq and the Soviet Union invades Afghanistan
1990
Iraq invades Kuwait, triggering the Persian Gulf War
2001
Israeli and Palestinian peace talks break down and violence erupts; the U. S. begins military
operations in Afghanistan (Osama bin Laden) as a response to terrorists attacks of 9/11
2003
U.S. attacks Iraq - war continues
The Strait of Hormuz is a narrow, strategically important stretch of ocean between the Gulf of Oman in the
southeast and the Persian Gulf in the southwest. On the north coast is Iran and on the south coast is the
United Arab Emirates and Oman. The strait is the only sea passage to the open ocean for large areas of the
petroleum exporting Persian Gulf States. Some 20 percent of the world's oil supply passes through the strait
every day. This is roughly 25 percent of the world’s daily oil production.
Vocabulary
secular - pertaining to the world or to things not spiritual or scared
creed - a brief statement of religious beliefs; a confession of faith
sect - a group of people having a common leadership, set of opinions, and similar beliefs
religion - belief in a superhuman power or powers to be obeyed and worshiped as the
creator(s) and ruler(s) of the universe
JUDAISM
People - Jews
Worldwide - 14 million
Oldest religion in Western World
Monotheistic
Jews believe God entered into a special Covenant with the ancient Israelites when Abraham established a
covenant with God to be the leader of many peoples. Jews were to bring God’s message to humanity by their
example. Belief in a coming Messiah(prophesied deliverer) of Jews; a savior who would appear in Jerusalem.
Hebrews established the kingdoms of Israel and Judah along the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. King
David established Jerusalem as the Israelite capital and religious center in 1000 B.C. Jerusalem is the center
of the Jews ancient and modern homeland. The old part of city has the Temple Mount where King Solomon
built the first temple. In 538 B.C. the second temple was built. Modern Jews come to pray at the holiest site, a
portion of the second temple know as the Western Wall or Wailing Wall.
Judaism teaches the importance of obedience to God’s Laws and the creation of a just society. The Talmud is
a collection of authoritative writings comprising the Jewish civil and religious laws. Books based on these laws
and the history of the Jews make up the Hebrew Bible. The first 5 books are called the Torah then 34 more
books were added to form the Hebrew Bible or Old Testament.
Holy days: Sabbath(sunset Friday to sunset Saturday) - Shabbat or day of rest and religious dedication
Holidays: Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, Feast of Tabernacles, Passover, Shavuoth, Hanukkah and Purim
Symbols - Star of David, Menora and Temple(place of worship)
Bar/Bat Mitzvah - the celebration for a Jewish boy or girl who has attained his or her 13th birthday
4 Cornerstones of Judaism: Torah, the people, the land, and the love of God
CHRISTIANITY
People - Christians
Worldwide, 1.8 billion - world’s largest religion
Monotheistic
Christianity is the religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. Christians believe that there is one
God, and that He created the universe and continues to care for it. God sent His Son, Jesus, into the world as
His chosen servant, called the Messiah, to help people fulfill their religious duties. Jesus was a Jew living in
Judea(Palestine) who became the founder of Christianity. (0-33 A.D.)
The central teaching of traditional Christianity:
Trinity - God the Father, the Son (Jesus) and the Holy Spirit
Jesus life on earth, crucifixion, resurrection, and ascension into heaven are proof of God’s love for humanity
and God’s forgiveness of human sins; and that by faith in Jesus one may attain salvation and eternal life.
Apostles chosen by Jesus preached the gospel after his death. After Jesus death the apostles claimed that the
Holy Spirit had entered them and gave them the ability to speak foreign languages. Christians date the
beginning of the church to this event known as Pentecost.
Bible includes Old Testament (Hebrew Bible) and New Testament (life and teachings of Jesus) are the writings
accepted as sacred and authoritative Scripture.
Important practices: Baptism and Eucharist (Holy communion or Lord’s Supper)
There are three major groups: Roman Catholic, Protestant, and Eastern Orthodox.
Sacred symbols - Cross and Church(place of worship)
Sacred Sites: Bethlehem and Jerusalem
Holy Book: Bible
Holidays: Christmas and Easter
ISLAM
(Islam is an Arabic word that means surrender or submission)
People - Muslim
Worldwide, 1.1 billion (2nd largest)
Monotheistic
Islam is the name given to the religion preached by the Prophet Muhammad starting in A.D. 610. Born in
Mecca he began to receive revelations from God/Allah that were transmitted by the angel Gabriel. These
revelations took place in the cities of Mecca and Medina over a 22 year period. They were assembled in a
book called the Qur’an which is the hold book of the Muslims, who believe it contains God’s actual words.
The Qur’an and the Sunna, the example of the words and practices of Muhammad, make up the foundation
of Islamic law.
Islam began in Arabia and Muslims live in every part of the world. About 1/4 of all Muslims live in the Middle
East. The oneness of God is the main idea of Islam or tawhid (taw HEED). In relations with humanity, God is
the lawgiver, judge, and restorer of life after death. God is called Allah.
In the Qur’an God has provided human beings with guidance by the teaching of prophets. The Qur’an
mentions 25 prophets starting with Adam and ending with Muhammad. Most important prophets included
Abraham, Moses, David, Jesus and Muhammad.
Muhammad’s mission includes all humanity therefore, his life serves as a model for all. The example of
Muhammad’s sayings and acts, the Sunna is presented in written collections called the Hadith (hah DEETH).
Late 600’s Muslims in Jerusalem build the Dome of the Rock where Muslims believe the Prophet Muhammad
rose into heaven. The death of Muhammad in Medina provoked a mayor crisis among his followers, the
dispute over the leadership which resulted in the two main branches: "Sunni" and "Shi’ite.
The Prophet's preference to follow him was Ali, the husband of his daughter (the Egyptian Fatima). But, while
the family was busy burying the Prophet, the leaders of Medina elected the aging Abu Bakr, the father of the
Prophet's favorite wife, as the successor ("caliph"), even before the burial of the Prophet. Ali and his family
were dismayed but agreed for the sake of unity, and because Ali was still young.
"Sunni" (800 million) - the followers of Abu, called "Sunni" because they accept the "sunnas" (“Hadiths), the
oral traditions and interpretations of the Koran after Muhammad's death. They are usually more liberal. They
belief the "caliph" ("successor" of Muhammad) should always be elected, not conferred by heredity. They claim
they are the true followers of the faith, and until 1959 they refuse to recognize the Shiites as true Muslims.
"Shiite" (100 million) - are the followers of Ali, more orthodox and militant, mainly in Iran, Iraq, and Palestine.
Shiites created the office of the "Imam" ("leader" or "guide"), who were infallible, the only source of religious
instruction and guidance, and all in direct descendence of Ali. There were 12 Imams since Ali; the last one, the
12th, went into hiding in 940, and he will emerge later to rule the world as "Mahdi" ("Messiah").
5 Pillars of Islam:
Shahada (shuh HAHD uh): there is no God but Allah and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah
Prayer: Muslims pray 5 times a day (before dawn, midday, midafternoon, after sunset, and night)
Almsgiving/Charity: assisting the poor (giving a certain % of their money)
Fasting: Muslim fast in the month of Ramadan (9th month of Islamic calendar) from dawn to sunset
Pilgrimage/Hajj: Make pilgrimage to Mecca (Ka’bah) once during their life
Holidays: Feast of Fast-Breaking (the first day following Ramadan)
Feast of Sacrifice (10th day of the month of hajj)
Celebrations: New Years (beginning of the first month of the Islamic calendar)
Holy cities: Mecca (Makkah), Medina (Madinah), and Jerusalem
Holy Book: Qur’an
Sacred objects: prayer rug and Mosque (place of worship)