Download STAAR Review – Week Ten

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STAAR Review – Week Ten
1.
Astronomers use light years to measure the distance between objects that are very far apart from one another, such as –
a. a planet and its moon.
b. planets in the same solar system.
c. a star and an asteroid belt in its solar system.
d. stars in different solar systems.
2.
A light year is a unit of measurement that can be used to determine the –
a. amount of light released by a galaxy.
b. size of a star.
c. size of a galaxy.
d. amount of light released by a star.
3.
A light year is a unit of measurement that is best used to express the –
a. radius of a moon’s orbit around a planet.
b. distance between two planets in the same solar system.
c. radius of a planet’s orbit around a star.
d. distance between two planets in different solar systems.
4.
An astronomer would use light years to measure the distance between Mars and
a. the Sun.
b. the North Star.
c. Saturn.
d. Mercury.
5.
An astronomer would use light years to express the –
a. length of time it takes Earth to orbit the Sun.
b. distance between Jupiter and the asteroid belt.
c. distance between Earth and the center of the Milky Way.
d. length of time it takes the Moon to orbit Earth.
6.
Extremely hot materials emit gamma rays. Astronomers can measure gamma rays to determine how quickly –
a. a vacuum is produced in empty space.
b. an icy comet loses water.
c. wind blows on a planet in our solar system.
d. radioactive material decays in space.
7.
Astronomers can indirectly measure the distance of a star from Earth by broadcasting a radio wave in the direction of the star. They
determine the distance by measuring how long it takes the radio wave to –
a. disappear.
b. return.
c. decrease in frequency.
d. increase in frequency.
8.
Astronomers can indirectly measure the heat of objects such as particles of dust between stars. They do this by determining the –
a. frequency of the particles’ infrared waves.
b. size of the particles.
c. speed of the particles from one location to another.
d. number of atoms that the particles contain.
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9.
Astronomers use X-ray telescopes to measure the temperature of extremely hot, radioactive substances such as –
a. clouds of water vapor in Earth’s atmosphere.
b. gases released by the explosion of a star.
c. old grains of stardust traveling through space.
d. planets that orbit a main sequence star.
10. Visible light astronomy is the oldest, most well-known form of astronomy. Early astronomers used visible light to photograph and
draw images of celestial objects. This allowed them to determine the –
a. amount of radiation that planets and stars emit.
b. chemical makeup of planets and stars.
c. patterns of movement of planets and stars.
d. exact age of planets and stars.
11. The table below shows the distance between Earth and seven relatively nearby stars in the galaxy.
According to the table, the Sun is –
a. about as close to Earth as the other stars.
b. hundreds of thousands of times closer to Earth than any other stars.
c. thousands of times farther from Earth than any of the other stars.
d. millions of times closer to Earth than any of the other stars.
The satellite photograph below depicts the Milky Way galaxy. Use the photograph and your knowledge of science to answer any
questions that follow.
12. In the center of the Milky Way is a large bulge of stars. Within this bulge lies a black hole. The Sun is located –
a. outside of the Milky Way.
b. in the large bulge of stars near the center of the Milky Way.
c. in the black hole in the center of the Milky Way.
d. near the edge of the Milky Way.
13. The Sun is located –
a. outside of this galaxy.
b. at the exact center of this galaxy.
c. near the edge of this galaxy.
d. near the center of this galaxy.
14. Astronomers can use light years to determine the –
a. amount of dark matter in this galaxy.
b. radioactivity of this galaxy.
c. number of stars in this galaxy.
d. diameter of this galaxy.
15. Beta Ursae Majoris, one of the stars in the constellation called the Big Dipper, is slightly hotter and larger than the Sun. Beta Ursae
Majoris is a main sequence star. This indicates that the Sun is –
a. also in the Big Dipper constellation.
b. a medium-sized star.
c. an extremely small star.
d. an extremely large star.
16. Which statement about the universe is correct?
a. It is known as the Milky Way.
b. It is made up mostly of empty space.
c. It is gradually getting smaller.
d. It consists of one Sun, nine planets, and satellites.
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17. The table below displays information about several galaxies.
The table indicates that the Sun is located in –
a. a disc-shaped galaxy.
b. a ring galaxy.
c. an elliptical galaxy.
d. an irregular galaxy.
A Hertzsprung-Russell diagram is shown below. Use the diagram to answer any questions that follow.
18. Around 1910, two astronomers named Hertzsprung and Russell discovered a relationship that the stars in the main sequence have
in common. What is this relationship?
a. Stars with greater magnitudes tend to have lower temperatures.
b. Stars with greater masses tend to have lower temperatures.
c. Stars with greater magnitudes tend to have higher temperatures.
d. Stars with greater temperatures tend to have lower magnitudes.
19. What do our Sun and the star Vega have in common?
a. Both have the same magnitude.
b. Both are main sequence stars.
c. Both are part of the same solar system.
d. Both have the same temperature.
20. Earth is part of the galaxy known as the –
a. Triangulum galaxy.
b. Omega Centauri.
c. Andromeda galaxy.
d. Milky Way.
21. Nick’s teacher explained that there are certain objects that most likely exist at the center of every galaxy. These objects are so dense
that their gravitational field suck up everything in, including light. They form when a galaxy or star collapses uder the pull of its own
gravity. Nick knows that these objects are called –
a. black holes.
b. blue giants.
c. nebulae.
d. quasars.
22. Which one of the following is NOT true of stars?
a. Stars are primarily made of hydrogen and helium.
b. Stars have smaller masses than planets.
c. Stars generate radiant energy from a fusion reaction at the nuclear level.
d. Stars have a larger gravitational force than planets.
23. The Milky Way, our galaxy, is classified as a spiral galaxy. A spiral galaxy –
a. has an undefined shape that is constantly changing.
b. is flattened and elongated.
c. has bulging middle and arms that coil outwards.
d. is perfectly round.
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24. Stars help organize visible matter in our universe by drawing –
a. black holes into their orbits and creating galaxies.
b. quasars into their orbits and creating black holes.
c. planets into their orbits and creating solar systems.
d. moons into their orbits and creating planets.
25. Our universe contains many black holes. Black holes are most likely to arise from the death of –
a. neutron stars.
b. white dwarfs.
c. Sun-like stars.
d. massive stars.
26. A nebula may spins and eventually become a star. A nebula is a –
a. wavelength of infrared light.
b. dense, hot core of molten metal.
c. large cloud of dust and gas.
d. lump of rock that revolves around the Sun.
The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram below displays the temperature and magnitude of thousands of stars in the galaxy. Use the diagram
and your knowledge of science to answer any questions that follow.
27. An astronomer detects a star with a temperature of about 15,000 Kelvin (K) and a luminosity of about 1.0 solar units. Based on the
Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, what type of star has the astronomer detected?
a. A supergiant
b. A white dwarf
c. A giant
d. A main sequence star
28. An astronomer detects a star with a temperature of about 3,000 Kelvin (K) and a luminosity of about 10,000 solar units. Based on the
Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, what type of star has the astronomer detected?
a. A white dwarf
b. A giant
c. A main sequence star
d. A supergiant
29. The star Arcturus is classified as a giant star. Which of the following best describes Arcturus?
a. Brighter than most main sequence stars but has a relatively low temperature
b. Dimmer than most supergiant stars but has a relatively high temperature
c. Brighter than most supergiant stars and has a relatively high temperature
d. Dimmer than most main sequence stars and has a relatively low temperature
30. The star 40 Eridani B was the first white dwarf ever discovered. Which of the following best describes 40 Eridanai B?
a. Dim with a relatively high temperature
b. Dim with a relatively low temperature
c. Very bright with a relatively low temperature
d. Very bright with a relatively high temperature
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