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Unit 6 Guided Lecture Notes
Define learning:
Association:
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Operant Conditioning: We learn to associate a response and its consequence.
Define Classical Conditioning:
Who’s in the picture to the right?
Explain his experiment and findings:
Classical Conditioning
 Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
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Unconditioned Response (UCR)
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Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
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Conditioned Response (CR)
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Acquisition
 The initial stage in classical conditioning
 The phase associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus so that
the neutral stimulus comes to elicit a conditioned response.
 In operant conditioning, the strengthening of reinforced response.
Extinction
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Define Generalization:
Define Discrimination:
Cognitive Processes: Conditioning occurs best when the CS and UCS have just
the sort of relationship that would lead a scientist to conclude that the CS
causes the UCS. — even in classical conditioning, it is not only the
simple stimulus-response association but also the thought that counts.
Who’s in the picture to the right?
Explain the Little Albert experiment:
Conclusion:
Mary Cover Jones
Experiment:
Operant Conditioning
 Operant Conditioning
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Law of Effect
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Operant Behavior
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Respondent Behavior
Who was B.F Skinner?
Explain the skinner box?
Positive reinforcement
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Negative reinforcement
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Operant Conditioning Processes
Primary reinforcement
Secondary reinforcement
*Also called ____________________ ______________________
Schedules of reinforcement
 Immediate reinforces
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Continuous reinforcement
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Partial (Intermittent) reinforcement
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Fixed Ratio (FR)
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 reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses
 faster you respond the more rewards you get
 different ratios
 very high rate of responding
 like piecework pay
Variable Ratio (VR)
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Fixed Interval (FI)
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reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses
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average ratios
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like gambling, fishing
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very hard to extinguish because of unpredictability
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reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed
response occurs more frequently as the anticipated time for reward
draws near
Fixed Interval (FI)
 reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed
 response occurs more frequently as the anticipated time for reward
draws near
Punishment
Define punishment:
Problems with punishment:
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Updating Skinner’s Understanding: Skinner’s emphasis on external control of
behavior made him an influential, but controversial figure. Many psychologists criticized
Skinner for underestimating the importance of cognitive and biological constraints.
Cognition and Operant Conditioning
Over justification Effect define:
Define intrinsic motivation:
Define extrinsic motivation:
Observational Learning
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Modeling
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Prosocial Behavior
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