Download The kidneys are located a. within the abdominal cavity. c. posterior

The kidneys are located
a. within the abdominal cavity.
c. posterior to the parietal peritoneum.
b. between the twelfth thoracic and third
d. just below the diaphragm.
lumbar vertebrae.
The superior end of the ureters is expanded to form the funnel-like
The small elevations that project into the minor calyx are called
a. renal pyramids.
c. renal calyces.
b. the renal medulla.
d. renal papillae.
A kidney tumor composed of embryonic cells is a
tumor.
Which of the following are regulatory functions of the kidney?
a. excretion of metabolic wastes from the
c. regulation of blood pressure
blood
d. regulation of calcium absorption by
activation of vitamin D
b. control of red blood cell production
The blood supply to the nephrons is via the
a. renal artery.
c. arcifom artery.
b. interlobar artery.
d. afferent arterioles.
The structure of the renal corpuscle consists of the
c. descending loop of Henle.
a. glomerulus.
d. proximal convoluted tubule.
b. Glomerular (Bowman's) capsule.
Inflammation of the glomeruli is
a. nephritis.
c. pyelonephritis.
b, glomerulonephritis.
Blood leaves the capillary cluster of the renal capsule via the
a. afferent arteriole.
c. peritubular capillary system.
b. efferent arteriole.
d. renal vein.
The renal vein carries blood from the kidney and returns blood to the general circulation via the
a. superior vena cava.
c, superior vena cava.
b. internal iliac vein.
d. portal vein.
The distal convoluted tubule empties urine into a
The tall, densely packed cells of the distal convoluted tubule pass between and contact the cells of the efferent and
afferent arterioles in an area known as the
The relatively high pressure in the glomerulus is due to
a. the small diameter of the glomerular
c. the large volume of blood that circulates
capillaries.
through the kidney relative to other body
b. the increased size of the smooth muscle in
parts.
the venules that receive blood from the
d. the smaller diameter of the efferent arteriole
in comparison with the afferent arteriole.
glomerulus.
The end product of kidney function is
The transport mechanism used in the glomerulus is
a. filtration.
c. active transport.
b. osmosis.
d. diffusion.
The juxtaglomerular apparatus is important in the regulation of
The fluid formed in the capillary cluster of the nephron is the same as blood plasma except for the presence of
a. glucose.
c. bicarbonate ions.
b. larger molecules of protein in plasma.
d. creatinine.
Blood pressure affects urine formation because
of the blood is necessary to the
transport mechanism used in the glomerulus.
Sympathetic nerve impulses can be expected to (increaseldecrease) glomerular filtration.
A significant fall in blood pressure, as during shock, causes anla (increaseldecrease) in glomerular filtration.
An increase in hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capsule will (increaseldecrease) the filtration rate.
Does statement a explain statement b?
a. An increase in hydrostatic pressure causes a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate.
b. An enlarged prostate gland tends to decrease the amount of urine produced.
How much fluid filters through the glomerulus in a 24-hour period?
c. 45 gallons
a. 1 112 quarts
b. 2 cups
d. 5-10 quarts
Which of the following substances is present in glomerular filtrate but not in urine?
a. urea
c. potassium
b. sodium
d. glucose
Which of the following substances is transported by osmosis throughout the renal tubule?
a. glucose
c. plasma proteins
b. water
d. amino acids
Substances such as creatinine, lactic acid, sodium, and potassium ions are reabsorbed in the
a. proximal convoluted tubule.
c. descending limb of the loop of Henle.
b. distal convoluted tubule.
d. ascending limb of the loop of Henle.
Most (about 70%) of the water, sodium, and other ions in glomerular filtrate are reabsorbed in the
a. loop of Henle.
c. distal convoluted tubule.
b. proximal convoluted tubule.
d. renal pyramid.
The reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions in the distal convoluted tubules and the collecting duct is influenced by
The mechanism that acts to continue sodium reabsorption from tubular fluid in the loop of Henle and at the same time
causes the fluid to become hypotonic to its surroundings is the
mechanism.
The permeability of the distal segment of the tubule to water is regulated by
a. blood pressure.
c. aldosterone.
b. ADH.
d. renin.
Urea is a by-product of
catabolism.
The mechanism by which greater amounts of a substance may be excreted in urine than was filtered from the plasma in
the glomerulus is
a. tubular absorption.
c. pinocytosis.
b. active transport.
d. tubular secretion.
Which of the following substances enter the urine using tubular secretion?
a. lactic acid
c. amino acids
b. hydrogen ions
d. potassium
Which of the following is not a normal constituent of urine?
a. urea
c. creatinine
b. uric acid
d. ketones
The normal output of urine for an adult in one hour is
ml.
a. 20-30
c. 40-50
b. 30-40
d. 50-60
Tests of renal clearance of inulin and creatinine are used to provide information about
a. renal blood flow.
c. tubular reabsorption.
b. glomerular filtration.
d. tubular secretion.
Urine is conveyed from the kidney to the bladder via the
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
Urine moves along the ureters via
a. hydrostatic pressure.
c. peristalsis.
b. gravity.
The ureterorenal reflex will (increaseldecrease) urine production in situations where urine flow from the kidney to the
bladder is impeded.
The internal floor of the bladder has three openings in a triangular area called the
muscle.
The third layer of the bladder is composed of smooth muscle fibers and is called the
a. micturition
c. urinary
b. detrusor
d. sympathetic
When stretch receptors in the bladder send impulses along the parasympathetic paths, the individual experiences a
sensation known as
The usual amount of urine voided at one time is about
CC.
Which of the following structures is under conscious control?
a. external urethral sphincter
c. bladder wall
b. internal urethral sphincter
In the female, the urinary meatus is located anterior to the
and posterior to the
STUDY ACTIVITIES
57. increases
20 Mastery Test Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
b,c
b, c
renal pelvis
d
Wilms
a, b, c, d
a
a, b
b
b
c
collecting duct
macula densa
d
urine
a
renin
b
hydrostatic pressure
20. decrease
21. decrease
22. decrease
23. yes
24. c
25. d
26. b
27. a
28. b
29. aldosterone
30. countercurrent
31. b
32. protein
33, d
34. b, d
35. d
36. d
37. b
38. ureters
39. c
40. decrease
4 1. trigone
42. b
43. urgency
44. 150 cc
45. a
46. vagina, clitoris