Download Chemical Reaction

Chemical
Chemical Engineering
•It is the application of chemistry to converting raw
materials and chemicals into usable and more
valuable forms
•2 Types
•Process Engineering – Design plants, processes
and machines that perform chemical reactions
•Product Engineering – Formulate chemical
substances
Products of Chemical Engineering
Chemistry Review: Basic Terms
•Atom
•Proton
•Electron
•Neutron
•Atomic Number
•Mass Number
•Elements
•Compound
•Molecule
- Basic, smallest unit of all matter
- Positive particle in the atom’s nucleus
- Negative particle outside the nucleus
- Neutral particle in the atom’s nucleus
- The number of protons in an atom
- The number of protons and neutrons
- Simple substances that consist of only one type
of atom
- Combination of elements
- Smallest part of a compound
Balancing Basic Chemical Equations
1. Write down the equation.
C3H8 + O2 --> H2O + CO2
2. Write down the number of atoms on
each side of the equation.
Left
-3 Carbon
-8 Hydrogen
-2 Oxygen
Right
-1 Carbon
-2 Hydrogen
-3 Oxygen
Balancing Basic Chemical Equations
3. Leave H and O for last, do C first.
C3H8 + O2 --> H2O + CO2
4. Add the coefficient 3 to the CO2 on the
right.
C3H8 + O2 --> H2O + 3CO2
5. Reevaluate.
Left
-3 Carbon
-8 Hydrogen
-2 Oxygen
Right
-3 Carbon
-2 Hydrogen
-6 Oxygen
Balancing Basic Chemical Equations
6. Balance H next.
C3H8 + O2 --> 4H2O + 3CO2
7. Reevaluate.
Left
-3 Carbon
-8 Hydrogen
-2 Oxygen
Right
-3 Carbon
-8 Hydrogen
-10 Oxygen
8. Balance O.
C3H8 + 5O2 --> 4H2O + 3CO2
9. Reevaluate.
Left
-3 Carbon
-8 Hydrogen
-10 Oxygen
Right
-3 Carbon
-8 Hydrogen
-10 Oxygen
Why is it important to
balance equations?
Law of Conservation of Mass: Matter is neither
created nor destroyed
During a chemical reaction, elements don’t appear or
disappear but instead are just rearranged
Number of atoms of each element must be equal on
both sides of the equation
Polymers
•A POLYMER is a large molecule formed by smaller
repeating molecules called MONOMERS
•The process of binding monomers to form a
polymer is called POLYMERIZATION
•Polymers are naturally occurring and can also be
made synthetically
Sample Polymers
PLASTIC
PROTEIN
RUBBER
PAPER
Concepts Applied to
Activity
Chemical Reactions
Balancing Equations
Polymers
Activity: Polymer Balls
•Main Ingredient: Polyvinyl alcohol based glue
•Polyvinyl alcohol is a water-soluble polymer
•Glue is made up of monomers bonded
together to form the polymer
Borax
sodium tetraborate decahydrate
Na2B4O7.10H2O
Borax is the cross-linker in the experiment, it will
connect the chains of polymers
Chemical Reaction: Borax, PVA (Glue), Water
Na2B4O7 + _H2O  _NaOH + _H3BO3
Na2B4O7 + 7H2O  2NaOH + 4H3BO3
H3BO3 Boric Acid
H3BO3 + 2H2O  B(OH)- 4 + H3O+
B(OH)- 4 is the cross-linker
Polyvinyl alcohol is C2H4O
Chemical Reaction: Borax, PVA (Glue), Water
B(OH)- 4
C2 H 4 O
Activity: Polymer Balls
Instructions:
Stir and dissolve the 1 TEASPOON Borax powder
in 1 CUP water. Set aside the mixture.
Pour out 2 spoons of glue onto the paper plate
and add one drop of the food coloring of your
choice.
Slowly pour 3 spoons of the Borax mixture into
the glue and mix together.
Don’t expect the Borax to mix completely with
the glue.
Roll the mixture around the Borax on the plate.
Shape them into spheres.