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Mangrove Identification Mangrove Identification Stephen H. Brown y Lee County Extension Mangroves Mangroves are particular plants between the sea Mangroves are particular plants between the sea and the land in areas inundated by tides, usually at the mean high water level. They can take the form g y of trees or shrubs. •53 Recognized species • Referred to the mangrove family of plants Referred to the mangrove family of plants Criteria for Mangroves: Criteria for Mangroves: •Complete fidelity to mangrove environment C l fid li i •Major role in community structure •Major role in community structure •Morphological specialization – p g p i.e. aerial roots and vivipary •Physiological mechanism for salt exclusion Mangroves of Southwest Florida Mangroves of Southwest Florida • Red Mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) • Black Mangrove (Avicennia germinans) • White Mangrove g (Laguncularia racemosa) Geographic Distributions g p • Black most cold hardy • White least cold hardy Red Mangrove Prop Roots • Red Mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) – Prop roots (Distinctive, conspicuous “stilt like” prop roots) Click here for Red Mangrove YouTube Video Red Mangrove Prop Roots Newly extended prop roots Red Mangrove Prop Roots Tree with prop roots Red Mangrove Leaves Red Mangrove Leaves • Red Mangrove Red Mangrove – Shiny pointed leaves (Entire; opposite; elliptic to oblong; evergreen; short petiole; leathery; lower surface paler and dull) Red Mangrove Leaves Oppositely arranged leaves Upper and under sides of leaves Red Mangrove Flowers Red Mangrove Flowers • Red Red Mangrove Mangrove – Flowers (Bisexual; pale green; 4 hairy petals; 4 thickened (Bisexual; pale green; 4 hairy petals; 4 thickened sepals) Red Mangrove Flowers Flowers Red Mangrove Propagules Red Mangrove Propagules • Red Mangrove – Cigar‐shaped propagules (Contains a single seed germinating while (Contains a single seed, germinating while still attached to the plant and becoming an elongated seedling which drops from the elongated seedling which drops from the tree ready to produce leaves) Red Mangrove Propagules Propagule Development Red Mangrove Propagules Developing propagules Red Mangrove Flowers and Propagule Flowers and propagule Red Mangrove Propagules Cigar‐shaped propagules Red Mangrove Propagule to Plant Propagule development Red Mangrove Trunk Trunk Red Mangrove Bark g Bark: Smooth, gray to brown often with reddish brown vertical markings Black Mangrove Pneumatophores • Black Mangrove (Avicennia germinans) – Pneumatophores P h (a root often functioning as a respiratory organ in a wetland plant) tl d l t) Black Mangrove Pneumatophores Shrub form and Pneumatophores Black Mangrove Pneumatophores Shrub form and Pneumatophores Black Mangrove Pneumatophores Tree form and scattered Pneumatophores Black Mangrove Leaves • Black Mangrove – Leaves L (Entire; opposite; oblong to elliptic; evergreen; leathery; petiole very short; light gray to whitish leathery; petiole very short; light gray to whitish on the underside and dark green and glabrous on the upper side.) the upper side.) Black Mangrove Leaves Leaves Black Mangrove Leaves Upper side Under side Black Mangrove Flowers • Black Mangrove – Flowers (bisexual; white; borne on cymes, individual sessile) Black Mangrove Flowers White flowers produced on cymes Black Mangrove Propagules • Bl Black Mangrove kM – Tear‐shaped propagules (Asymmetrical, velvety, laterally flattened, 1‐seeded, somewhat fleshy pod) Black Mangrove Propagules Tear‐shaped propagules Black Mangrove Bark Bark: Smooth, gray‐brown to dark gray or blackish, fissured and scaly with age. White Mangrove Leaves • White mangrove (Laguncularia White mangrove (Laguncularia racemosa) – Leaves (Entire; evergreen; opposite; oblong to obovate; (Entire; evergreen; opposite; oblong to obovate; short petiole; leaf tip blunt, rounded or notched; A conspicuous pair of glands is located just below A conspicuous pair of glands is located just below the leaf base on the short petiole. ) White Mangrove Leaves Oppositely arranged leaves White Mangrove Leaves There is a pair of glands below leaf base White Mangrove Flowers • White mangrove g – Flowers (Bisexual white arranged on spike) (Bisexual; white; arranged on spike) White Mangrove Flowers Inflorescences are arranged on panicles White Mangrove Flowers Flowers are urnlike or bell‐shaped White Mangrove Propagules • White mangrove –Smallest Smallest propagule propagule (Oblong to obovoid; ribbed and angled; l th leathery drupe; reddish at maturity) d ddi h t t it ) White Mangrove Propagules Immature propagules are ribbed and angled White Mangrove Propagules Immature propagules are ribbed and angled White Mangrove Bark Bark: Tan to brownish‐gray, thin, and ridged with age. White Mangrove Absence of Prop Roots and Pneumatophores Mangroves of Southwest Florida All three species are seen growing together Leaf Identification Red, Black and White Leaves Leaf Identification Black and Red mangroves growing together Propagule Identification White Black Red Bark Identification Barks of white and black mangroves Bark Identification Barks of red and black mangroves Barks of red and black mangroves Stephen H. Brown is the Horticulture Extension Agent with Lee County Extension Extension Agent with Lee County Extension located in southwest Florida. Subscribe at no cost to Brown’s Plant File by emailing me at [email protected] Please include your first Please include your first and last names http://lee.ifas.ufl.edu/Hort/GardenHome.shtml [email protected] Useful Links YouTube Videos Red Mangrove M Mangrove Identification Id tifi ti Air Potato Australian Pine Sansevieria hyacinthoides How to Prune a Cabbage Palm Fact Sheets Buttonbush Buttonwood Giant Leather Fern The Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) is an Equal Opportunity Institution authorized to provide research, educational information and other services only to individuals and institutions that function with non-discrimination with respect to race, religion, age, disability, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, national origin, political opinions or affiliations. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida, IFAS, Florida A. & M.. 6/2013.
