Download Exercise is very important. It is one of our everyday life activities. It

Exercise is very important. It is one of
our everyday life activities. It helps keep
our body fit and healthy. Many systems
help us in exercise. The three most
important systems are the Respiratory
system, Circulatory system and
Muscular system.
The first system involved in exercise is
the respiratory system. This system is
the reason we breathe.
Breathing
The first thing that happens in the
respiratory system is you inhale
(breathe in) oxygen and you exhale
(breathe out) carbon dioxide. It is vital
we breathe all the time or you will
die.You breathe nearly every second.
After you breathe, the air travels down
your trachea (windpipe) to your lungs,
in the trachea there are tiny hairs called
cillia, these hairs catch mucus and dirt.
The hairs move gently as air brushes it.
The trachea is connected from your
mouth and nose to your lungs.
The diaphram is a dome shaped mucsle
that makes us breathe,this muscle is
located under the lungs.The muscle
contracts (flatens out) when you
breathe in and the lungs
expand. The diaphram relaxes
when you breathe out and the
lungs deflate.
Lungs
The lungs are the main organ in the
respiratory system. The lungs are pink
and squishy, the left lung is smaller
than the right to make room for
the heart.
The lungs are in the chest behind the
ribcage. The lungs are protected by the
ribcage and they rest on top of the
diaphram.
The first part in the lungs is the
bronchus, this is the part that
spilts the trachea into two, one to
each lung. This is the main tube to
the lungs. It allows air to enter both
lungs.
The part after that is the bronchiloes,
they connect to your bronchi. A
bronchiole is the thickness of a hair.
They get smaller and smaller and there
is 30,000 in each lung. It transfers air to
and from the alveoli.
The last part in the lung is alveoli. There
is a clump at the end of each bronchiole.
There are 600,000,000 in the lungs. They
are tiny air sacks and fill up with air
when you breathe in. Alveoli allows
oxygen to pass into the blood. They are
surrounded by tiny blood vessels called
capilliares.
Blood
Blood is also a part of the respiratory
system. Capilliares are blood vessels that
surround the alveoli and they are small
enough to have blood cells in a single
line. Oxygen is transfered to the blood
cells the blood transports the oxygen. At
the same time carbon dioxide is
transferred into the lungs for disposal.
Exercise
When you exercise your Respiratory
system accelerates. Your body needs
more oxygen and you breathe faster and
deeper. You breathe 3 litres of air or
more, 50 times or more, a minute
Another system involved in exercise is
the circulatory system (also known as
the cardiovascilar system).
Heart
The most important part in the heart
circulatory system is the heart, the
heart is located to the left of your chest
so it can be closer to the organs. All the
organs need oxygen, so it can pump
blood to the upper body easier. It is
behind the rib cage to provide protetion.
The heart is behind the left lung because
of that the left lung is smaller.
The heart is the size of it owners fist, the
is a hollow bag and it’s a muscle called
the Cardiac muscsle. It is a special
muscle because it is different to other
muscles. The muscle fibres are in a
special pattern, it is a spiral shape
instead of straight so it can be easier to
pump and makes it stronger.
Next there is the parts in the heart, the
heart has four different parts that it can
pump to, there is the left side and the
right side. The left atrium gets
oxygenated blood from the lungs. The
valve within the left side is the biscupid
valve it is the valve between the atrium
and the ventricle and it allows blood to
enter the ventricle. The ventricle pumps
blood to the aorta and then send it
around the body.
After that there is the right side, in the
right side there is the right atrium it
recieves deoxygenated blood from the
body. In the right side there is the
tricuspid valve it is the valve between
the atrium and ventricle. It allows blood
from the atrium into the ventricle then
the right ventricle pumps blood into the
pulmanary artery, whitch takes it to the
lungs to be oxygenated.
Did you know there is nerves in your
heart. There are two types of nervs one
of them is the sympathetic nerves, it
tells the heart to beat and tells your
heart rate to increase in speed when
needed.after that there is the
parasympatic nerve, it is a part of the
braking system and tells your heart to
slow down. They are a part of the autonomic nervous system and it work
automatical all the time.
3 Circulations
There are 3 circulations in the
circulatory system, one of them is
coranary circulation. It is circulation of
blood around the heart,coranary vessels
take blood around the heart.
The second circulation is the pulmanary
circulation, it carrys blood to and from
the heart and lungs,bronchiole
circulation of the lungs supplies blood to
the tissue of the lungs like airways.
The last is systemic circulation,it is
circulation around the body and
supplies the body’s cells with oxygen
and nutrients and dispoes of
waste.
Blood vessels
There are a lot of types of blood
vessels,the first one is arteries it has 4
layers, the first is the tunica adventitiait
is the outer layer. In contains nerve cells
and connects blood vessels to supply
oxygen and nutrients. The 2nd is the
tunica media it is the muscular layer it is
thicker because there is a higher presure
and a elastic layer. The next is the tunica
intima it is the inner layer it is made of
endothelial cells lastly is the lumin it
gets blood around the body quicker and
has a higher presure they are not as
wide as veins.
The second blood vessel is the veins, they
have the same structure as artires but
there are some differences. The lumin is
wider, because it has a lower presure
and it has a thinner tunica media. It
contains valves so it stops blood from
going in the wrong direction. It acts like
a resivor and allows blood to pool. It has
a muscle pump, that helps blood to flow
along.
The last is cappilaries, it is the smallest
blood vessel it doesn’t have 3 tunica
layers but one layer of eneothelial cells.
They allow oxygen and nutrients to
enter body cellsand carbon dioxide to
enter blood.
The blood vessels in the body are a
whitish colour. Veins in skin are a blue
colour because light cant penatrate the
skin in text books, veins are blue and
artires are red to tell which is which.
Artires are a part of the arterial system,
artires are deep in your body so they can
be protected. They transport oxygenated
blood from the heart. There is a high
presure coming from the heart and will
squirt if you cut an artery.Arteries pulse
with each beat of the heart and they
keep getting smaller and smaller untill
they become artioles,they are in the
same place in all people.
Artioles filter cappilaries with blood,
cappilaries deposit oxygen and nutrients
to cells. Cappilaries then transfer waste
to the kidneys and carbon dioxide to the
lungs for disposal.
Viens are a part of the venous system
they carry deoxygenated blood back to
the heart to get oxygenated. If one is cut
it will dribble, because there is a low
presure they keep getting bigger from
cappilaries they become venuoles then
viens many viens, many veins lie just
under your skin. Minor veins vary from
person to person in the body.
There are many important blood vessels
around the heart. Firstly the pulmanary
artery, pumps deoxygenated blood to
the lungs. The pulmanary vein carries
oxygenated blood to the heart. The aorta
is the largest artery in your body, it
takes oxygenated blood to the body last
of all is the vena cava’s they are the two
main veins, the supirior vena cava
returns blood from the upper body.
The inferior vena cava returns
blood from the lower body.
Blood
Blood plays an important part in the
circulatory system. The blood heats our
body the heat comes from the busier
organs and spreads the heat evenly
around your body.
There are 4 parts to the blood, the first
part is the red blood cells they make our
blood red and they take up after volume
of blood. There are billions in blood. Red
blood cells carry away carbon dioxide
and take oxygen around the body.
The next part is the white blood cells
they are the biggest cells in the blood
they clean blood and fight diseases.
Although platelets are not blood cells
they still play an important part in
blood. They are the smallest in the blood
so there are billions. But there main job
is to clot blood when you have a cut.
Plasma is a watery substance. It is what
makes our blood a liquid blood
carries nutriens to cells and waste
to the kidneys in the plasma. It also
carries body controled substances
like hormones.
Kidneys
Kidneys are a part of the uinary system
but are important to the circulatory
system. Kidneys clean the blood they
dispose waste through urine there most
important job is to get rid of the waste
that ends up in the blood.
You can live without a kidney because
you have a spare. They are in your back
just below the middle, a kidney is the
shape of a bean.
In the kidney, there are 100,000 tiny
filters called nephrons in the cortex.
Kidneys transfer the waste to the
ureter, a tube that lets urine trickle to
the bladder.
When we exercise our circulatory
system increases in speed, and our heart
beats faster and deeper bcause the heart
needs to transport blood quicker. The
sympatetic nerve tells the heart to beat
faster. The body cells need more oxygen
and nutrients and the body cells
disposeof more waste, as they are
working harder when we exercise.
The last system involved in exercise is
the muscular. It is a network of various
muscle groups found all over your body.
In your body you can find 3 types of
muscles. Without them you would not
be able to move they help your body to
function .
TYPES
There are different types of muscles in
the body one is the cardiac muscle it is
the heart, it is classified as an
involuntary muscle, it is smooth on the
inside and skeletal on the outside.
The second muscles are the involuntary
muscles they are smooth muscles they
are walls of hollow structure in the
body e.g. intestines, stomach etc. They
move without conscious thought and
are controlled by the autonomic nervous
system, it is vital the body process like
the heart beating, breathing and
digesting. You need to survive.
The last kind of muscles are voluntary
muscles they are skeletal muscles. They
move with thought it uses an impulse
from the brain. Muscles are connected to
bones they are used for moving. They
move when needed and move in a
different way.
APPEARENCE
Muscles are different therefore they
look different. Smooth muscle have a
smooth surface they are a red colour.
Skletal muscles are different to smooth
muscles, all muscles are the same on the
inside but different on the outside. Most
of the muscles are long and slim so they
can contract. The pectorals are a fan
shaped muscle. Some muscles are wide
and broad. The gluteus maximise is the
biggest muscle. The thigh muscle are 30
cm in length.
There are different layers of muscle. The
deep layer is the second layer, the layer
under your skin is the superficial layer
this is the first layer.
Muscles are a red colour because blood
flows through it. Half of the bodies
weight is muscle there are more
than 640 muscles in the body.
Parts
There are many parts to muscles. Firstly
I will talk about skeletal muscles. There
fibres are bundled together. Each one
slightly smaller than a strand of hair.
Each fibre has dozens of smaller fibrils.
They are bounded together by a
connective tissue ( epimysium). They
are divided by a sheath (perimysium).
Each muscle is made of thinner threads.
Tendons are at the end of each bone.
They are stronger than super glue.
Smooth muscles are different to skletal
muscles they don’t have tendons.
The last muscle is the cardiac muscle it’s
muscles are only found in the heart they
are spiral shaped so they can squeeze
blood.
Movement
Skletal muscles move without
conscious thought. They are controlled
by the brain, you think of the movement
an impulse is sent from the brain.
Muscles cannot get longer when muscles
fibres contracts it shortens to about 70
precent of the relaxed length. Skletal
muscles are very adaptable and tire
easily and need a period of rest they use
glucose as fuel.
Smooth muscles work automatically.
They are controlled by the autonomic
nervous system.
Smooth muscles are much slower than
skletal muscles they wave like a motion
in the same organs.
Smooth muscles don’t tire. They keep
working for long periods of time.
The heart has the ability to
move/work/pump spontaneously all
day.
Exercise
When you exercise your muscles move
quicker and your muscles need more
glucose your fibres tear and become
thicker.
Although the Respiratory, Circulatory,
Muscular system are the most
important, many other systems also help
during exercise. The Nervous system,
tells everything to move, the
Integumentary system (Skin system)
helps when you’re too hot by making
your body sweat also assist’s with
movement and there are many more
systems like the Urinary system which
help dispose of physical waste.