Download Gymnosperms in the Intermountain Region

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Gymnosperms in the Intermountain
Region
A COMPACT GUIDE
Mary E. Barkworth
Intermountain Herbarium
Utah State University
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“Gymnosperm” is a useful term for referring to seed plants with seeds that are NOT inside another
structure. They may lie on top of another structure, as do the seeds of pines and spruces, or at the tip
of a branch, as in Ginkgo and Yew, or be clustered at a node and surrounded by bracts, as in Ephedra,
but they are not enclosed in an ovary.
For a long time, gymnosperms were thought to be a single lineage but now we think that there are at
least three distinct lineages present: Cycadopsida, Ginkgopsida, and Pinopsida. The ending –sida means
that they are all being treated as classes. Some people prefer to treat them as divisions, a higher level
in the hierarchy; when treated as classes the three groups would be Cycadophyta, Ginkgoopsida, and
Pinopsida. There would be no difference in what the groups contain, just their relative position in the
hierarchy. There is no objective means of determining the best level so there is disagreement. It really
does not matter; what matters is the relative position. Think of it as being important that you know
who your boss is and who your boss’s boss is – but not needing to know their exact title (although
people may be more persnickety about their title than plants). Another way of referring to them is to
use the anglicised names: Cycads, Ginkgos, and Conifers.
Some people consider the Gnetopsids, the group that includes Ephedra, Welwitschia, and Gnetum to
be ancestral or sister to the Pinophyta , not included in them as shown in the book. Part of the problem
to resolving this question is that there are far more extinct gymnosperms than extant gymnosperms.
Unfortunately, molecular techniques, which provide us with the most detailed information, cannot be
used on fossils, particularly not impression fossils.
NOTICE: Lead 2 presents you with 3 alternatives. This is not customary but there is no law that forbids
it, just custom. It seemed a logical way to go, given that there are three groups/
1a Seeds completely contained in ovaries; flowers formed, these sometimes highly reduced
and lacking evident petals; leaves usually flexible, varying to stiff, often wide, usually with
a thin cuticle (will link to key to angiosperm families) .................................... Angiosperms
1b. Seeds borne in cones or strobili or on branch tips or the axils of highly reduced leaves,
never in an ovary; flowers not formed; leaves usually stiff, narrow and with a thick cuticle
(Gymnosperms) .................................................................................................................... 2
2a. Leaves with a petiole; leaf blades pinnately divided or compound, much longer than wide;
leaves and strobili borne only at the top of the unbranched trunk; male and female strobili
stiff; seeds borne in pairs on a thick, often woody leaf ...................................... Cycadopsida
2b Leaves with a petiole;f blades flabellate (fan-shaped), often notched; male strobili and
seeds scattered throughout the branches; male strobili flexible, dangling; seeds borne at the
tips of short stems ............................................................................................ Ginkgoopsida
2c. Leaves often without a petiole, blade (or whole leaf if lacking a petiole) scale-like,
lanceolate to triangular, or linear or narrowly elliptical, not lobed; male and female strobili
often scattered throughout the branches, male strobili stiff; seeds on the ends of short
branches or on the scales of woody or fibrous cones .............................................. Pinopsida
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CYCADOPSIDA BRONGN. [CYCADS][WIKIPEDIA]
Plants woody, long-lived. Main roots thick, fleshy; lateral roots nitrogen fixing through symbiosis with
blue-green bacteria, often also mycorrhizal. Stems vertical, usually above ground but subterranean in
some species, unbranched or with limited, adventitious branching. Leaves usually 1-pinnnate, 2pinnate in a few species, formed only at the top of the trunk. Strobili several centimeters long;
sporophylls usually woody, sometimes leaf-like. Sperm flagellate, motile.
Cycads are treated here as a class; in Wikipedia, they are treated as a division. Division is a higher rank
but the group of plants concerned is the same. Most cycads are insect pollinated. The insects that
pollinate them are considered to be primitive insects.
Cycads are tropical. Most are rare or endangered; many are extinct. The starch in the root and the
trunks is an important food source in many parts of the world. The age of individual trees is difficult to
estimate because they do not form rings in their wood. Estimates of 2000 yr are based on leaf
production. Their stem anatomy is like that of monocots. The subterranean species produce contractile
roots which pull the stem down, ensuring that the growing tip remains below ground.
There are three families, two of which are represented in the greenhouse of USU’s Logan campus. For
keys to the group on a global basis (useful if you want to key your own greenhouse plants), go here.
1a Leaflets with a midrib, without evident veins; megasporophylls clearly leaf-like, not
aggregated into dense strobili; ..............................................................................Cycadaceae
1b: Leaflets without a midrib, with evident veins; megasporophylls woody, aggregated into
dense strobili; scales (cataphylls) present between the leaves; stipules without veins
................................................................................................................................Zamiaceae
Cycadaceae Pers.
There is only one genus, Cycas, in the family but 90+ species. It is easily recognized by, among other
things, by the conspicuous rib of the leaflets and the absence of other veins (more accurately, the
apparent lack of other veins; they exist but are not evident on the surface of the leaflet). The “other
things” include the lower leaflets being reduced to short, sharp spines and the leafy megasporophylls.
Cycas L. [Wikipedia]
Cycas revoluta [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life]
Zamiaceae Horan. [Wikipedia]
Members of the Zamiaceae and Stangeriaceae differ from the Cycadaceae in having woody
megasporophylls and multiple veins in their leaflets. There are eight genera and about 100 species in
the Zamiaceae. It is the only family of Cycads native in North America, being represented in the
southeast by Zamia integrifolia. The family also grows in Australia, southern Africa, and other tropical
parts of the Americas.
Ceratozamia mexicana var. miqueliana [For the species: Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life]
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Zamia L. [Wikipedia]
Zamia furfuracea [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life]
Zamia integrifolia [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life]
GINKGOOPSIDA ENGL. [GINKGO]
Today, this class includes only one species. This means it also includes only one genus and only family
and only one order. Palaeobotanists have identified six additional genera in the fossil record.
Ginkgoaceae Engl.
Plants arborescent, sometimes growing to over 150 ft. branches with alternate leaves; spur shoots (aka
short shoots) formed in the axils of these leaves in the second year. Short shoots produce both leaves
and the male and female strobili. Male strobili are flexible, and have spirally arranged microsporophylls
each with two microsporangia. Female strobili consisting of pair of ovules/seeds borne on the end of a
stalk. Like Cycads and unlike conifers, Ginkgos have flagellated, motile sperm.
Ginkgo L.
See family description.
There is only one species in existence today, Ginkgo biloba. The fossil record shows that Ginkgo was
once widespread and more diverse, growing in both the northern and southern hemispheres but most
diverse and abundant in the northern hemisphere. According to Wikipedia, the species (all of them)
grew well in disturbed, streamside habitats. The author postulates that the reason it lost ground to
other plants is that it only has one useful characteristic for growing in disturbed habitats – vegetative
growth. This was not enough to counteract the disadvantage of being slow growing, being slow to
reach reproductive maturity, and having large seeds.
Ginkgo biloba L. [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Region]
It is questionable whether any existing plants represent wild populations. Those in what appear to be
wild areas now (two small areas in northeastern China) have such limited genetic diversity it is thought
they might be they may have been planted there by humans. Note that the distribution maps may
include records of both cultivated and wild plants.
There are trees around temples in China that are thought to be around 1500 yr old. The first European
to encounter the species was a German botanist who saw it in Japan in 1690. It is widely cultivated
nowadays, having a useful characteristic for today’s world– it tolerates polluted air.
PINOPSIDA BURNETT [CONIFERS]
This is the largest and most diverse of the extant gymnosperm groups. It includes three groups:
Gnetidae, Pinidae, and Cupressidae. The ending of these names means they are being treated as
subclasses. It is probably more useful to not worry about endings and just think of them as three
groups.
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Again, the key has one step with three choices. The one apomorphy that unites the groups (apart
from the molecular characters) is that the sperm in the Pinopsida do not have flagella. They go through
a pollen tube to the egg.
One problem in sorting out the three groups is that the Gnetidae contain three odd but distinct groups
and the Cupressidae is quite varied vegetatively.
1a. Leaves less than 10 mm long, 2 or 3 at a node; seeds solitary or in pairs, surrounded by
sterile bracts; plants shrubs [this includes only the family present in the IMR]....... Gnetidae
1b. Leaves linear; spirally arranged (most evident on the long shoot), some species with short
shorts bearing terminal fascicles of leaves; seeds in pairs, usually winged, on woody cone
scales; cone scale bracts not fused to cone scales; ...................................................... Pinidae
1c. Leaves linear, acicular, or scale-like, spiral, opposite or whorled; seeds solitary or in pairs,
on woody cone scales or at the tips of short shoots, if with cone scales, the cones scale
bracts completely fused to the cone scales; ......................................................... Cupressidae
Gnetidae Pax
Of the three families in this subclass, only one grows in the Intermountain Region. One day perhaps we
shall have the other two families in the greenhouse, but they are not there yet.
Ephedraceae Dumort.
Plants usually shrubs, sometimes vines or small trees. Leaves ephemeral, not photosynthetic. Pollen
strobili with Seeds located at the nodes, in groups of 1-10.the seeds subtended by a pair of fused
bractlets, these seed units sessile or on bracteates stalks.
This family has only one genus but 35-45 species, of which there are six species in the expanded
Intermountain Region.
Ephedra L.
See family description.
1a. Leaves and bracts mostly in whorls of 3 ............................................................................... 2
2a. Twigs blue-green, diverging at an angle of about 45°; seed structures sessile, often more
than 3 at a node; seeds scabrous; species extending from southern Nevada and Utah to
Texas and northern Mexico ................................................................................. E. torreyana
2b. Twigs gray-green, diverging at an angle of about 60°; seeds on short, scaly peduncles, 1-3
per node; seeds smooth to scabrous; species restricted to the Funeral Mountains . E. funerea
1b. Leaves and bracts mostly opposite ........................................................................................ 3
3a. Twigs sticky .............................................................................................................. E. cutleri
3b. Twigs not sticky..................................................................................................................... 4
4a. Leaf bases persistent, forming a black, thickened collar ; nodes swollen; seeds always
paired; twigs bright green to yellow green ............................................................... E. viridis
4b. Leaf bases deciduous or shredding and becoming gray with age; nodes not or only
inconspicuously swollen; seeds solitary or paired ................................................................. 5
5a. Leaf bases completely deciduous, brown when shed; branches diverging at about 45°;
seeds on long peduncles, smooth ....................................................................... E. nevadensis
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5b Leaf bases shredding with age, initially brown, becoming gray; branches diverging at about
30°; seeds sessile or on short peduncles ............................................................ E. fasciculata
Ephedra cutleri Peebles [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life]
Ephedra fasciculata A. Nelson[Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life]
Ephedra funerea Coville & C.V. Morton [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Ephedra nevadensis S. Watson [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Ephedra torreyana S. Watson [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Ephedra viridis Coville [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Pinidae Cronquist, Takht. & W. Zimm.
This is the second largest group in the Pinopsida in terms of number of species but it includes only one
family, Pinaceae with 12 genera and 225 species. There are seven genera in the Intermountain Region
– if one includes those that have been planted as ornamentals.
Pinaceae Spreng. ex Rudolphi
Usually trees, sometimes shrubs. Leaves linear, spirally attached on the main stem, sometimes borne
in fascicles on short shoots. Male strobili stiff, usually erect, with sprially arranged microsporophylls.
Female strobili woody cones; cone scales bearing two ovules/seed, subtended by a bract that is not
fused to scale except at the base; bracts varying from much shorter than to longer than the cone
scales.
1a Cone scales persistent, thickened distally to form an apophysis, the apophysis with a
central scarlike or raised umbo; leaves 1-5 in a cluster, together having a circular
cross-section ................................................................................................................... Pinus
1b Cone scales , sometimes deciduous, without an an apophysis and umbo; leaves
solitary, sometimes several together on a short shoot and appearing clustered but the
cluster not circular in cross-section ....................................................................................... 2
2a Leaves solitary, usually square in cross-section, borne on a persistent woody base;
seeds blackish; cone scales not strongly tapering at the base ......................................... Picea
2b Leaves solitary or clustered on short shoots, flat in cross-section, usually not a
persistent woody base; seeds brown or whitish; cone scales sometimes strongly
narrowed at the base .............................................................................................................. 3
3a. Leaves clustered on conspicuous short shoots, solitary on long shoots ................................ 4
3b. All leaves solitary, short shoots not developed ..................................................................... 5
4a. Leaves deciduous; cones scales not greatly narrowed at the base; cones 0.8-3.5 cm
wide, 0.8-11 cm long, but often shorter than 5 cm [cultivated only] ............................ Larix
4b. Leaves persistent; cone scales strongly narrowed at the base; cones 3-6 cm wide, 5-10
cm long [cultivated only] ..............................................................................................Cedrus
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5a. Cone scale bracts longer than the cone scales, 3-lobed, the central lobe longer than the
lateral lobes; cone scales not strongly narrowed at the base; winter buds tapering to an
acute tip, not resinous .......................................................................................... Pseudotsuga
5b. Cone scale bracts shorter or little longer than the cone scales, not 3-lobed; cone scales
strongly narrowed toward the base; winter buds rounded and resinous in native species .... 6
6a. Cones vertical, produced only at the top of the tree; cone scales deciduous; leaves
sessile, persistent ............................................................................................................ Abies
6b. Cones pendent, produced throughout the tree; cone scales persistent; leaves on short
woody bases, deciduous when dry [has not survived on USU’s Logan campus] ......... Tsuga
Abies Mill.
Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life;
Intermountain Biota]
Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Abies grandis (Douglas ex D. Don) Lindl. [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life]
Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Abies lowiana (Gordon) A. Murray bis [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Abies magnifica A. Murray bis [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Abies nordmanniana Spach [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Cedrus Trew
Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) Manetti ex Carrière [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain
Biota]
Cedrus libani A. Rich. [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Larix Mill.
Larix decidua Mill. [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Larix occidentalis Nutt. [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Picea
Picea abies [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Picea englemannii Parry ex Engelm. [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Picea glauca [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Picea koyamai [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
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Picea meyeri [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Picea omorika [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Picea orientalis [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Picea pungens Englem. [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Pinus
Pinus albicaulis Englem. [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Pinus aristata [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Pinus bungeana[Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Pinus contorta[Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Pinus edulis Englem. [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Pinus flexilis James [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Pinus heldreichii [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Pinus jeffreyi [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Pinus koraiensis [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Pinus longaeva D.K. Bailey [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Pinus monticola Dougl. ex Don [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Pinus mugo[Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Pinus nigra [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Pinus parviflora [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Pinus ponderosa [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Pinus sylvestris [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Pinus wallichiana [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Pseudotsuga
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
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Cupressidae
Plants usually trees, sometimes shrubs. Leaves triangular to lanceolate but may be linear. They may be
spirally arranged or opposite. The seeds may be solitary or paired, on a cone scale or on a short stalk
(peduncle). If on a short stalk, they are often associated with a fleshy structure.
This lineage is treated as a class, Cupressopsida by Simpson. Do not worry about the level of
recognition. Realize that it is a large group within the conifers which are a major group in the
gymnosperms.
The Cupressid group is rather difficult to characterize because it includes two rather distinctive families
with which we in the northern hemisphere are not very familiar, the Araucariaceae and
Podocarpaceae, one family, the Taxaceae, that lacks cones and the Cupressaceae which has
considerable variation in leaf structure. Notice that the book does not suggest any apomorphies for the
group as a whole, only for families within it – and not for all of those. Perhaps by next year ….
1a. Leaves in whorls of 10-30 per node, linear, 6-13 cm long, 2-3 mm wide ..... Sciadopityaceae
1b: Leaves opposite, spiral, or whorled, if whorled each whorl with less than 10 leaves and the
leaves scale-like and ephemeral............................................................................................. 2
2a. Ovules on a colored, somewhat fleshy base or sitting in a colorful fleshy aril; leaves linear,
spirally arranged, and decurrent or blades much wider in the middle than at the ends,
persistent ................................................................................................................................ 3
2b. Ovules in cones; leaves scale-like, lanceolate, or linear, persistent or deciduous ................. 4
3a. Leaves linear; ovules in red, cuplike aril .................................................................. Taxaceae
3b.: Leaves much wider in the middle than at the ends; ovules on grey-blue base
........................................................................................................................ Podocarpaceae
4a. Branches alternate or opposite; leaves linear, lanceolate, or scale-like, opposite or spirally
arranged; cones with 2 seeds per cone scale ...................................................... Cupressaceae
4a: Branches whorled; leaves lanceolate, spirally arranged; cones with 1 seed per cone scale
......................................................................................................................... Araucariaceae
Aracauriaceae
The family has tapered, solitary, and often sharp leaves that are spirally arranged. The bases effectively
cover the twig. The genera are monoecious or dioecious and have woody cones with only one seed
per cone scale. There are three genera, Araucaria, Agathis, and Wollemia.
In the Intermountain Region, Araucariaceae are known only in cultivation and are represented by only
one genus, Aracauria. One species, A. heterophylla, known as Norfolk Island Pine, is often grown
indoors. Aracauria araucana, Monkey Puzzle Tree, can be grown outside in Logan. It does not grow
very fast.
Araucaria
There are 19 species of Araucaria. They have a highly disjunct distribution in New Caledonia (where 13
species are endemic), Norfolk Island, eastern Australia, New Guinea, Argentina, Chile, and southern
Brazil. Two species are present on the Logan campus of USU.
Araucaria auracana [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
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Araucaria heterophylla [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Cupressaceae
Leaves may be scale like, stiffly lanceolate, or linear, opposite or whorled. Cones vary from woody with
spirally arranged cone scale to woody with opposite cone scales or fibrous with opposite cone scales.
The distinguishing feature of the Cupressaceae is the cone scale is fused to the cone scale bract.
1a.
1b.
2a.
2b.
3a.
3b.
4a.
4b.
5a.
5b.
6a.
6b.
7a.
7b.
8a.
8b.
9a.
9b.
Leaves linear to lanceolate, spirally attached ........................................................................ 2
Leaves scalelike, opposite or whorled; cone scales opposite or whorled .............................. 5
Leaves linear, bases narrowing abruptly to the petiole; leaves or branchlets deciduous ...... 3
Leaves linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, widest at point of attachment; leaves and branchlets
persistent ................................................................................................................................ 4
Cone scales spirally arranged; branchlets of two kinds, persistent branchlets reddish-brown
when young, bearing green deciduous branchlets .............................................. Metasequoia
Cone scales opposite and decussate; branchlets all like, persistent ......................... Taxodium
Free portion of leaves slightly divergent from stem, up to 1.5 cm long; cones 4-9 cm long
....................................................................................................................... Sequioadendron
Free portion of leaves strongly divergent, 1.5-7 cm long; cones 1.8-4.5 cm long
......................................................................................................................... Cunninghamia
Cone scales fibrous (“fleshy”) ................................................................................. Juniperus
Cone scales woody ............................................................................................................... 6
Cone scales peltate ................................................................................................................. 7
Cones scales basally attached ................................................................................................ 8
Cones at least 1 cm in diameter; branch sprays 3-dimensional in appearance ....... Cupressus
Cones 0.8-1.2 cm in diameter; branch sprays flattened .................................. Chamaecyparis
Leaves dimorphic, short and long, appearing to be in whorls of 4; cones 1.7-3 cm long
............................................................................................................................... Calocedrus
Leaves all similar in length, opposite and decussate; cones to 2.5 cm long .......................... 9
Cone scales with a small abaxial boss; branch sprays 3-dimensional or horizontally
flattened in appearance ................................................................................................... Thuja
Cones scales with a prominent abaxial boss; branch sprays appearing flattened in a vertical
plane ...................................................................................................................... Platycladus
Calocedrus
Calcedrus decurrens [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Chamaecyparis
Chamaecyparis lawsoniana [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Chamaecyparis nootkaensis [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Cunninghamia
Cunninghamia lanceolate [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Cupressus
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Cupressus bakeri [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Juniperus
Juniperus chinensis [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Juniperus occidentalis [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Juniperus scopulorum [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Juniperus virginiana[Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Metasequoia
Metasequoia glyptostroboides [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Platycladus
Pltaycladus orientalis [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Sequoiadendron
Sequoiadendron giganteum [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Taxodium
Taxodium ascendens [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Taxodium distichum [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Thuja
Thuja occidentalis [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
Thuja plicata [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
PODOCARPACEAE
There are 18 genera with a total of 173 species.
Podocarpus
Podocarpus macrocarpus [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
SCIADOPITYACEAE
One species, and it has been planted on the USU Logan campus.
Sciadopitys
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Sciadopitys umbellata [Global Distribution; Encyclopedia of Life; Intermountain Biota]
TAXACEAE
Five genera and 17 species. Only one genus, Taxus in the region and it is cultivated. All theplants on the
Logan campus of USU are shrubs so they do not appear on the campus tree inventory.
Taxus
Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex
Hildebr., 7
Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir., 7
Abies grandis (Douglas ex D. Don) Lindl., 7
Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt., 7
Abies lowiana (Gordon) A. Murray bis, 7
Abies magnifica A. Murray bis, 7
Abies Mill., 7
Abies nordmanniana Spach, 7
Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) Manetti ex Carrière, 7
Cedrus libani A. Rich., 7
Cedrus Trew, 7
Conifers, 4
Cycadaceae Pers., 3
Cycadopsida Brongn., 2
Cycads, 2
Cycas L., 3
Ephedra cutleri Peebles, 5
Ephedra fasciculata A. Nelson, 5
Ephedra funerea Coville & C.V. Morton, 6
Ephedra L., 5
Ephedra nevadensis S. Watson, 6
Ephedra torreyana S. Watson, 6
Ephedra viridis Coville, 6
Ephedraceae Dumort., 5
Ginkgo, 4
Ginkgo biloba L., 4
Ginkgo L., 4
Ginkgoaceae Engl., 4
Ginkgoopsida Engl., 4
Gnetidae Pax, 5
Larix decidua Mill., 7
Larix Mill., 7
Larix occidentalis Nutt., 7
Pinaceae Spreng. ex Rudolphi, 6
Pinidae Cronquist, Takht. & W. Zimm., 6
Pinopsida Burnett, 4
Zamia L., 3
Zamiaceae Horan., 3