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The Design Process
Every good design must start from somewhere. In most cases
Designers go through a strategic process to reach their final product.
This design process is used by many and allows opportunity to grow
a design and to develop it to its best.
Identification of
need
Concept Designs
Research
Final Design/
Working Drawing
Design Brief
Specification
Investigation
Model/
Prototype
Evaluation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pR
hhy5gt70A
In order to go through the design process we need a design
team
SubContractor
Market
Researchers
Accountants
Economists
Engineers
Design
Team
Retailers
Consumers
Manufacturers
Lawyers
Materials
Technologists
Ergonomists
Marketing
Teams
Production
Specialists
Market
Researchers
Compiles information on consumer wants and
needs and current products on the market. This
information is used to help the designer. They are
also involved in advertising the final product for
selling.
Retailers
Sells the product to the consumer. Can aid the
designer by telling him/her what the public want and
when they want it. Retailers can identify trends in
sales and target markets, i.e. who is buying what
and when. Retailers are the first people to know what
is selling well and what is not.
Engineers
Has knowledge and experience of engineering aspects of
the product. These can be electrical components or
mechanical components. They advise the designer the
best possible way of coping with these parts.
Accountants
Lawyers
Consumers
Budgets the project. Offers advice to the designer on
the costing of the project, restrictions, etc. They also
take into account the price for manufacture, materials
and labour in making the product.
Advises the designer on all legal aspects including
intellectual property and ensures that the product
being designed does not breach copyrights in the
other products by rival companies or vice versa.
Person who will buy/use the product. Can aid the
designer by offering opinions and feedback on the
product at various stages of the design process.
Consumer demand: the consumers have either a need
or a want to which the designer will try to respond.
Manufacturers
Manufactures the components of the product and
assembles the final product. Uses the plans and
specifications given by the designer.
Materials
Technologist
Has knowledge of materials and their properties.
Offers advice to the designer about the materials
which would be best suited to the job, taking into
consideration their properties, working
characteristics, cost, availability, etc.
SubContractors
Carries out work on certain areas of production. Could be
used to manufacture components that the main
manufacturer could not produce (i.e. electronic circuitry,
specifically engineered components); or could be used to
save time.
Economist
Ergonomist
Production
Specialist
Has knowledge of local, nationwide and worldwide
economies and can offer advice on whether or not people
are likely to buy the product. Taxes, house prices, petrol
costs, etc., have a direct effect on people’s lives and can
control their standard of living.
Develops all information on the ergonomic aspects for
the product. They will make suggestions about human
sizes and interactions with the product to the designer.
Has strong knowledge of available processes and
offers this to the designer during certain stages of
the design process. Will try to find the most suitable
method of production for a product by taking into
consideration economics, environmental concerns,
materials, availability, etc.
The Brief is the starting point of most design processes. The brief indicates
the general nature of the task or problem to be solved. The problem tends to
have loose restrictions so that creativity and innovation are the key in creating
the new product
Open Brief
Closed
Brief
A closed
An
open isbrief
muchsets
more
out
specific
what and
has will
to be
direct
done
the in
designer
generaltowards what the
terms. actually
client
Many aspects
wants. This
of the
give brief
the client
are more
left open
control
to and means the
interpretation
designer
is more
andlikely
a wide
to range
get theofdesign
solutions.
correct
Example: Design a
pair of stylish
running
shoes
something
to wear
on your
feetthat can be laced up. The
product should be retailed at £60 and should use bright colours in the
What type of shoes?
Laces?
Colour?
design.
Running ?
Heels?
Comfort?
Fashion?
In the beginning stages of the design process every designer must carry out
research. You can gather research through Primary and Secondary sources.
Primary- Gathering primary resources involves the designer finding their own
information
Secondary- Gathering secondary means taking information from what other
people have found out previously
To gather this information you must research different areas
•
•
•
•
How to record research-mood boards, evaluation, annotation, notes sketches
Analysis-analysing your results what you found out
Application-how can we apply it to our design
Presentation of research questionnaires mood board lifestyle boards
quantitive and qualitative-questionnaire focus groups smart phones
Collecting as much information before designing is the best route to go in order
to create something that is suitable and stylish.
Ways you can collect information
•
•
•
•
•
Going online, reading information about designers, companies and design
periods
Interviews with experts
Questioning users and consumers
Benchmarking current products- finding the most popular
Material testing
The aim of gathering research is to collect as much information about the
problem to help support you solve the issue.
Specifications are statements of characteristics a
design must possess in order to meet the
requirements of a design brief.
They contain a lot of high technical information
and requirements.
There are 4 different types of specifications:




Marketing Specification
Technical Specification
Performance Specification
Conformance Specification
Emphasises the requirements of the user,
purchaser and the producing company.
Examples:
This translates some of the marketing
specification requirements into precise
descriptions, setting limits, values and
measurements.
 Deals more with physical properties.
Deals with desired outputs of the product.
This should ensure that the product
complies with legal and commercial
requirements and is it safe for the
public to use?
We use various methods to create ideas.
Using a mind map (thought shower), lifestyle
boards and mood boards are three good ways to
create some ideas from, depending on who you are
designing for.
There is 4 other methods, such as:
 Morphological Analysis
 Technology Transfer
 Analogy
 Lateral Thinking
Lifestyle boards are used to give the designer an idea of what the client or
consumer is like. It shows different cultures, interests, materials, styles and
products that they may be interested in. These should be used to show a
snapshot of the lifestyle of the client.
Mood Boards are quite similar to lifestyle boards with
variety of pictures to give inspiration. A mood board is
outlook for the designer. You should be able to see
route the designer is aiming to go down and style
product.
regards to there being a
used to show a definitive
from a mood board the
they may take on their

Then
To
getput
to points
the
which
possible
relatedesign
to create
each
you
ofashould
these
start
with
as aheadings
varietySketching
of
atdifferent
the top
Move
The
cardbest
up
and
down
to
varietyfeatures
of options.
Begin
to
designs.
of
Use your imagination and try to come up with a selection of
suitcards
the specification
different design.
Learning
Children’s Morphological
Analysis
is a good way of helping you create a variety of ideas.
AffordableLearning
AffordableColours
Children’sMaterials
Seating
Materials
Timetables
Seating
Colours
 First begin Bright
to break down
the features in the design brief.
Colours
Timetables
Plastic
Plastic
Primary
Attached
Bright
Acrylic
Spelling
Attached
Colours
Acrylic
Bold
Bench
Primary
Beech
Alphabet
Design Brief Happy
Features of the
Brief
Bench
Beech
Spelling
Bold
Pine
Stool
Pine
Red
Shapes
Toys’R’Us are
looking to Steel
expand
into Stool
Alphabet
Happy
Steel
chair
Yellow
children's furniture.
Their
main focus is chairChildren'sShapes
Red
Aluminium
Seating
Aluminium
Blue
to increaseYellow
sales on children's desks
Desks
Blue They want it to be
with seating.
affordable and it should be attractive to
Affordable
children
as well as encouraging their
 Your Sketch should now relate to the option shown. It should beAttractive
a brightly
learning
in some
coloured
acrylicway.
desk with seat attached and should show different words to
improve spelling.
Learning


New products, ideas and inventions are often
the result of a process called associative
thinking.
This means that a designer will make an
association with a technology, manufacturing
process or material in one area or field of
design and use it to provide a new idea or
solution in another.
Some examples are:


Laser technology which was designed for
space and defence programmes, is now used
in domestic CD systems.
The technology of an industrial cyclone
separator is now used by James Dyson in the
vacuum cleaners






Nature provides us with its own forms of
technology which have been used as inspiration.
We have copied nature in so many ways to help
improve our lives.
The way cats’ eyes reflect light is used to provide
a method of marking the middle of roads.
Velcro was developed using principles found in
goose-grass.
Ball and socket joint in your shoulder is used in
many machines.
Examples of inspiration include plants and
animals found in building and bridges.
Examples
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h
Qn4Uu2tJeY
What ways can we evaluate ideas?


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
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
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Surveys
Questionnaires
User Trials
Observation
Testing
Test Rigs
Comparison to other products