Download Earthquake Notes

Earthquake Notes
Earthquake - Shaking and vibrating of the earth by large sudden releases of energy
Fault - A fracture in the earthʼs crust where there has already been some movement
Focus - Point of origin of earthquakes where waves travel outward in all directions
Crust - Outermost layer of the earth
Mantle - A layer of earth that lies beneath the crust
Lithosphere - Outer portion of the earth comprised of the crust and mantle
Astenosphere – The layer of the mantle that lies directly below the lithosphere and
flows, like taffy.
Tectonic Plates - Large pieces of the lithosphere that are always moving creating
earthquakes, valleys, and mountains.
Outer Core – The liquid layer composed of iron and nickel, which lies between the
Earth's solid inner core and below its mantle.
Inner Core – Innermost layer of the Earth. Solid layer comprised of iron and nickel.
Seismic Waves - Waves created by an earthquake
Primary Waves - Waves that cause a vertical jolt and are the first to arrive
Secondary Waves - Waves that cause horizontal movement, are the second to arrive
and cause the most damage.
Seismologist - A scientist who studies earthquakes
Seismograph - Machine used to detect vibrations emitted by an earthquake which
produces a permanent recording
Tsunami – Large, fast moving waves created by earthquakes under the ocean.