Download 136. The central part of President Lincoln`s plan for post

136. The central part of President Lincoln's plan for post-war Reconstruction was that
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
10% of those who voted in 1860 must take a loyalty oath
Confederate leaders should be punished
Confederate states be given the right to decide the status of slavery
all Southerners must swear an oath of loyalty
all Confederate states must accept the 14th Amendment
137. Radical Republicans opposed President Johnson's approach to Reconstruction for all of the
following reasons EXCEPT
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
he pardoned many rebel leaders
many Confederate leaders were returned to the U. S. Congress
Southern states were slow to repudiate secession
black codes were enacted in place of slave codes
the president moved too quickly to guarantee black rights
138. The Radical branch of the Republican Party was able to influence decisions of Congress
during much of Reconstruction because
A. it constituted a majority in both houses of Congress
B. President Johnson was a Republican
C. the actions of President Johnson and the Democrats encouraged Radical Republicans
and moderate Republicans to work together
D. they represented the views of a majority of Americans
E. their leaders were effective compromisers
139. President Johnson was impeached by Congress following his attempt to
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
limit the power of the military governors in the South
discipline officials who enforced Civil Rights laws
remove Secretary of War Stanton
undermine the 15th Amendment
eliminate the Freedman's Bureau
140. During Reconstruction in the South, the political impact of what conservatives called
"Negro rule" was that African-Americans
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
participated in politics but they did not dominate events
constituted a majority of most state legislatures in the South
were elected governors in several southern states
dominated the Congressional delegation of the South
were elected to public office in numbers proportionate to their population
141. Beginning in the late 1860s, the influence of African-American voters and black officials
decreased largely due to
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
disinterest on the part of black voters
white violence against black political activists
intervention by the federal government against black activists
official corruption
a belief that blacks had achieved their political goals
142. The symbolic end to Reconstruction occurred in 1877 when
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
President Grant formally declared the end of Reconstruction
federal troops were withdrawn from the South
a pro-South Democrat became president
Congress enacted a sweeping Civil Rights Act
the Centennial Exposition heralded a new century
143. The four slave states which remained in the Union during the Civil War were
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas
Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland, and Delaware
Kansas, Missouri, Arkansas, and Maryland
Tennessee, Kentucky, Arkansas, and Maryland
Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey, and Missouri
144. In the election of 1860, all of the following were candidates for president EXCEPT
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Stephen A. Douglas
John C. Breckinridge
Abraham Lincoln
John Bell
George B. McClellan
145. In its Declaration of the Causes of Secession of December 1860, South Carolina charged
that fourteen states "have deliberately refused for years past to fulfill their constitutional
obligations."
The part of the Constitution to which the South Carolina Declaration referred was the
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
three-fifths clause
fugitive slave clause
process for amending the Constitution
process for organizing new territories
process for apportioning new representatives to Congress
146. All of the following occurred in 1876 EXCEPT the
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Battle of Little Big Horn
invention of the telephone
Centennial Exposition
disputed election of Rutherford B. Hayes
completion of the first transcontinental railroad line
147. The "Crime of '73" refers to the
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Battle of Little Big Horn
establishment of the Mafia in New Orleans
decision by Congress to stop coining silver dollars
Chinese Exclusion Act
end of Reconstruction
148. Boss Tweed dominated the voting process in which city?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Philadelphia
Kansas City
Houston
New York
Boston
149. The Sioux leaders at the Battle of the Little Big Horn included Sitting Bull and
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Chief Joseph
Crazy Horse
Tecumseh
Geronimo
The Prophet
150. The first mass political movement of American women was the
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Liberty Party
National American Woman's Suffrage Association
Woman's Christian Temperance Union
League of Women Voters
National Woman's Party
151. Which of the following accurately describes the Chinese population in the United States in
1860?
A. there were almost twenty times as many Chinese men compared to the number of
Chinese women
B. the Chinese migrated to the United States in families
C. most Chinese migrants came from Asian cities
D. Chinese labor was not utilized in the gold fields
E. most Chinese owned their own businesses
152. As Secretary of State for President Lincoln, William H. Seward pursued a foreign policy
that promoted
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
the purchase of Alaska only
a worldwide American empire
an empire in the Western Hemisphere only
war as a means of diplomacy
a new steel-hulled navy
153. In what ways did the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 affect the status of American Indians?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
attendance at boarding schools was discouraged
attendance at religious schools was mandatory
the amount of tribe-held land was increased
Indian nations were encouraged to pool their land holdings
tribal land was transferred to individual Indian families
154. Within twenty-five years after its enactment, the effect of the Timber and Stone Act of
1878 was to
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
distribute land in the West to small farmers
irrigate the deserts of the southwest
concentrate land in the hands of large capitalists
reserve hundreds of thousands of acres for public works
attract Chinese and Mexican settlers to the West
155. Hardships endured by farm families who settled on the Great Plains during the 1870s and
1880s included all of the following EXCEPT
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
scarce supplies of water
unpredictable weather cycles
grasshopper plagues
social isolation
interference by the federal government
156. During the late 19th Century, "open range" ranching existed in areas where ranchers
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
allowed their cattle to graze on public lands
drove their herds from Texas north to midwestern cities
allowed their herds to breed on the range with Mexican cattle
adopted scientific methods of breeding
allowed their herds to graze only on lands which they owned
157. The crop lien system which influenced southern agriculture within twenty years after the
Civil War was based on the idea that farmers
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
were self-sufficient
would establish cooperatives to increase the volume of good produced
would purchase supplies using a portion of a future crop as collateral
lived entirely off the food which they grew
would work together peacefully
158. In the Civil Rights Cases of 1883, the Supreme Court
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
struck down the Civil Rights Act of 1875
established the principle of "separate but equal" institutions
upheld a state's right to assess poll taxes
validated the 15th Amendment
supported the crop lien system in the South
159. During the late 19th century, the technique of distributing free samples of products was
particularly useful for
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The Singer Sewing Machine Company
Gustavus Swift's meat packing company
Sears, Roebuck and Company
J. P. Morgan's General Electric Company
James B. Duke's American Tobacco Company
160. During the late 19th Century, vertical integration specifically allowed businesses to
A.
B.
C.
D.
divest themselves of ownership in other companies
expand their control over production and distribution as well as manufacturing
avoid tariffs
control the market by determining production and prices in common with other
manufacturers
E. control the market through oligopolies
161. Between 1880 and 1900, the number of women who worked as
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
homemakers remained the same
cooks and maids increased substantially
secretaries and typists decreased
textile mill operatives decreased substantially
clerks increased substantially
162. In 1894, President Cleveland sent United States troops to Chicago to end a strike at the
Pullman Palace Car Company, citing the responsibility of the federal government
specifically to
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
protect the mail
maintain law and order
confront anarchists
prepare the troops for the Spanish-American War
keep workers employed
163. Which of the following 19th Century labor organizations had a firm policy accepting black
workers as members?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
International Ladies Garment Workers Union
International Workers of the World
American Federation of Labor
Congress of Industrial Organizations
Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers
164. During the late 19th Century, the nation's major cities demonstrated all of the following
EXCEPT
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
cities were physically divided by class and race
mass transit lines allowed workers to commute to work
many middle class families moved beyond the inner city
the expansion of most cities was carefully planned
industrial cities attracted large numbers of immigrants
165. During the last quarter of the 19th Century, the most significant source of population
growth in American cities was
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
annexation of neighboring suburbs
an increase in the birth rate
migration from rural areas
immigration from abroad
reduction in the death rate
166. During the late 19th Century, significant reforms improved living conditions in major cities
in all of the following areas EXCEPT
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
public health
water purification
street lighting
tenement construction
relief for the poor
167. Queen Liliuokalani, the reigning monarch of Hawaii, was dethroned in the revolution of
1893 largely because of
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
a native revolt against the monarchy
increased American tariffs on sugar
a movement for democracy in Hawaii
British interference
anti-American sentiment
168. The Social Gospel movement of the late 19th Century emphasized
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
a fundamentalist approach to religion
social responsibility as a means to salvation
German socialism
interfaith ties between Judaism and Christianity
a commitment to urban pluralism
169. During the last quarter of the 19th Century, all of the following sports were popular
EXCEPT
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
football
baseball
swimming
bicycling
soccer
170. During the last quarter of the 19th Century, American show business flourished in all of the
following mediums EXCEPT
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
vaudeville
musical comedy
minstrel shows
radio
circuses
171. All of the following examples of popular literature were products of the second half of the
19th Century EXCEPT
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Zane Grey's adventure stories
Horatio Alger's storied of self-reliance and hard work
Edgar Rice Burrough's Tarzan of the Apes
General Lew Wallace's Ben Hur
Louisa May Alcott's Little Women
172. The Civil Service movement of the 1880s was designed specifically to challenge
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
the waving of the bloody flag
Tammany Hall
the spoils system
high tariffs
women's suffrage
173. One of the most prominent ideas associated with the Grange movement of the 1870s was
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
economic cooperatives
women's suffrage
the single tax
bimetallism
racial solidarity
174. In the presidential election of 1884, candidate James G. Blaine tried to woo which group of
disaffected Republicans back into the party?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Silverites
farmers
New Immigrants
Mugwumps
Stalwarts
175. All of the following contributed to American expansionism during the 1890s EXCEPT
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Social Darwinism
A. T. Mahan's, The Influence of Sea Power Upon History
Josiah Strong's, Our Country
the new navy
the Platt Amendment
176. During the late 19th Century, the increase in population due to the New Immigration
spurred the growth of
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
private secular academies
scientific schools
Latin schools
progressive schools
Catholic parochial schools
177. During the Progressive Era, women reformers championed all of the following EXCEPT
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
birth control
women's suffrage
occupational health and safety
affirmative action
urban housing
178. Booker T. Washington's "Atlanta Compromise" stressed the importance to AfricanAmericans of
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
a liberal arts education
manual training
legal action to gain full civil rights
constant political struggle
full voting rights
179. Between 1910 and 1920, about one-half million African-Americans moved from the South
to the North because
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
racism had begun to decline in the North
the cost of transportation had decreased markedly
opportunities for farming were greater in the North
wartime jobs were available in northern cities
Black judges were more numerous in the North
180. The decision of the San Francisco School Board in 1906 to segregate Asian students in
special schools led to the
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Root-Takahira Agreement
Taft-Katsua Agreement
Gentlemen's Agreement
Jones Act
Portsmouth Treaty
181. "Everybody is talkin' these days about Tammany men growin' rich on graft, but nobody
thinks of drawin' the distinction between honest graft and dishonest graft. There's all the
difference in the world between the two I've made a big fortune out of the game, and I'm
gettin' richer every day, but I've not gone in for dishonest graft blackmailin' gamblers,
saloon-keepers, disorderly people, etc. and neither has any of the men who have made big
fortunes in politics."
Which prominent observer and participant in urban politics gave this interview in 1905?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Theodore Roosevelt
George W. Plunkitt
Peter Finley Dunne
Richard M. Daley
John F. Fitzgerald
182. Americans who believed in "progressivism" during the early 20th Century promoted all of
the following EXCEPT
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
scientific management in government
involvement of the federal government in the economy
moral reform in politics
sustaining the traditional influence of political parties
empowerment of the voters
183. According to John Dewey and G. Stanley Hall, progressive education should be
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
directly related to the experience of the child
based on memorization and recall of detail
founded on classical study, especially Greek and Latin
centered on the role of the teacher
oriented toward business and vocational training
184. Although the actual reforms that they championed were diverse, women reformers of the
Progressive Era generally agreed that the
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
end to prostitution was the key to all other reforms
involvement of women was essential to successful reforms
virtues of piety and domesticity were out of fashion
reform organizations must be run by men
federal government must enforce all reforms
185. Between 1900 and 1920, there was a significant decline in the death rate from all of the
following diseases EXCEPT
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
typhoid
diphtheria
tuberculosis
intestinal ailments
heart disease
186. The writing of the muckrakers exposed corruption in all of the following areas EXCEPT
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
municipal governments
patent medicine
child labor
meat packing
cigarette manufacturing and advertising
187. The future New York City police commissioner, Theodore Roosevelt, was deeply
influenced by a book which revealed the "underside" of the city's slums, entitled
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The Financier
The Bitter Cry of the Children
How the Other Half Lives
The Jungle
Following the Color Line
188. The Triangle Shirtwaist Company of New York City was the site of an important event in
1911, when
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
the American Federation of Labor signed an industry-wide contract
a fire killed over one hundred women garment workers
Jacob Riis exposed unsafe working conditions
Boss Tweed was implicated in a bribery scandal
a new design for tenement reform was unveiled
189. In 1910, Theodore Roosevelt articulated the "New Nationalism," a philosophy whose
central tenet was that the
A. federal government should regulate large corporations
B. United States should build a world class naval fleet
C. United States government should support banking initiatives throughout South America
and Asia
D. federal government should initiate public works projects to stimulate the economy
E. government should fully fund Social Security
190. President Wilson, an advocate of government programs which benefited farmers and
laborers, supported Congressional action on all of the following laws EXCEPT the
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Clayton Anti-Trust Act
Adamson Act
LaFollette Seamen's Act
Federal Farm Loan Act
Taft-Hartley Act
191. The concept of Dollar Diplomacy as employed by President Taft implied that
A. the United States government should use foreign policy to protect American private
investments abroad
B. the United States government should purchase land for overseas private investment
C. American private bankers should be employed directly by the State Department
D. American tax dollars should be used to bribe foreign leaders
E. American tax dollars should be invested in foreign banks within the United States
192. In 1903, President Theodore Roosevelt applied the "big stick" to diplomacy in the
Caribbean when he helped organize a revolution in
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Argentina
Mexico
Venezuela
Panama
Nicaragua
193. "The working class and the employing class have nothing in common." This statement
reflects the beliefs of which early 20th Century union?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
the International Ladies Garment Workers Union
the National Labor Union
the American Federation of Labor
the Industrial Workers of the World
the Knights of labor
194. Which of the following might indicate that the sport of baseball was well on its way to
becoming a "national pastime" around 1900?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
baseball evolved from a British game
baseball's rules were established in the 1840s
baseball's fans were mostly working class men
rival leagues played the first World Series in 1903
baseball was a less violent sport than football
195. The "Ludlow Massacre" refers to
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
an attack by the state militia on striking miners
racial violence in New York
urban terrorism
a battle in World War 1
a site in the Spanish-American War
196. Margaret Sanger, a reformer in the early 20th Century, is best known for her work on
behalf of
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
women's suffrage
state orphanages
children's hospitals
birth control
settlement houses
197. In an 1895 address, Booker T. Washington commented that "in all things that are purely
social we can be separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual
progress." His comments implied that
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
the right to vote was essential
the United States government must integrate society
blacks and whites could live separately and still work together
blacks should return to Africa
a college education was not necessary for black Americans
198. All of the following are accurate statements about the Great Migration of AfricanAmericans in the period 1910-1929 EXCEPT
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
hundreds of thousands of black Americans moved to northern cities
one of the incentives was higher wages in the North
the black migration north stopped with the end of World War 1
the majority of African-Americans lived in the South
New York City became an important part of black culture
199. Which of the following arguments was broadly articulated by women reformers to support
the women's suffrage movement in the Progressive Era?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
women voters would soon be corrupted
women would oppose the temperance movement
women would oppose immigration restriction
women's clubs would no longer be needed
women has special experiences to bring to public life
200. For many well-educated black women in the early 20th century, the only professional
opportunity was
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
nursing
teaching
medicine
business
social work
201. The New Immigrants who migrated to the United States during the first decade of the 20th
Century were primarily from
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Germany and England
Germany, England, Ireland, and Scandinavia
Canada and Mexico
China, Korea, and Japan
Italy, Austria-Hungary, and Russia
202. Alexander Hamilton's economic program was designed primarily to
A. prepare the United States for war in the event Britain failed to vacate its posts in the
Northwest
B. provide a platform for the fledgling Federalist Party's 1792 campaign
C. establish the financial stability and credit of the new government
D. ensure northern dominance over the southern states in order to abolish slavery
E. win broad political support for his own candidacy for the presidency in 1792
203. The development of the early nineteenth-century concept of "separate spheres" for the
sexes encouraged all of the following EXCEPT
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
acceptance of a woman as the intellectual equal of a man
idealization of the "lady"
designation of the home as the appropriate place for a woman
emphasis on child care as a prime duty of a woman
establishment of a moral climate in the home
204. The presidential election of 1840 is often considered the first "modern" election because
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
the slavery issue was first raised in this campaign
there was a very low turnout of eligible voters
voting patterns were similar to those later established in the 1890s
both parties for the first time widely campaigned among all the eligible voters
a second era of good feeling had just come to a close, marking a new departure in
politics
205. At the end of the Civil War, the vast majority of freed slaves found work as
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
factory workers
railroad employees
independent artisans
tenant farmers
domestic servants
206. In his interpretation of the historical development of the United States, Frederick Jackson
Turner focused on the importance of
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
the traditions of Western European culture
the absence of a feudal aristocracy
Black people and Black slavery
the conflict between capitalists and workers
the existence of cheap unsettled land
207. During the closing decades of the nineteenth century, farmers complained about all of the
following EXCEPT
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
rising commodity prices
high interest charges
high freight rates
high storage costs
large middleman profits
208. The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine did which of the following?
A. Prohibited United States intervention in the Caribbean.
B. Warned against European seizure of the Panama Canal.
C. Sought to end the wave of nationalization of American-owned property in the
Caribbean.
D. Declared the United States to be the "policeman" of the western hemisphere.
E. Provided United States military support for democratic revolutions in Latin America.
209. By the end of the seventeenth century, which of the following was true of women in New
England?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
They had begun to challenge their subordinate role in society.
They were a majority in many church congregations.
They voted in local elections.
They frequently divorced their husbands.
They could lead town meetings.
210. The First Great Awakening led to all of the following EXCEPT
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
separatism and secession from established churches
the renewed persecution of witches
the growth of institutions of higher learning
a flourishing of the missionary spirit
a greater appreciation for the emotional experiences of faith
211. The Embargo Act of 1807 had which of the following effects on the United States?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
It severely damaged American manufacturing.
It enriched many cotton plantation owners.
It ruined American shipping.
It was ruinous to subsistence farmers.
It had little economic impact.
212. The National Road was constructed primarily for the purpose of
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
demarcating the southwestern boundary of the Louisiana Purchase
promoting trade and communication with the Old Northwest
opening the Southwest to ranchers
assisting the movement of settlers to the Oregon Country
relieving overpopulation and crowding in the Northeast
213. The idea of Manifest Destiny included all of the following beliefs EXCEPT that
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
commerce and industry would decline as the nation expanded its agricultural base
the use of land for settled agriculture was preferable to its use for nomadic hunting
westward expansion was both inevitable and beneficial
God selected America as a chosen land and people
the ultimate extent of the American domain was to be from the tropics to the Arctic
214. Apologists for slavery in the South in the 1850s claimed all of the following EXCEPT
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Slaves lived and worked under better conditions than most northern wage earners.
Slaves were usually regarded as family members.
Slavery brought Christianity to the slaves.
Slavery was supported by the authority of both the Bible and the Constitution.
Slavery would die out naturally.
215. The American Federation of Labor under the leadership of Samuel Gompers organized
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
skilled workers in craft unions in order to achieve economic gains
all industrial and agricultural workers in "one big union"
unskilled workers along industrial lines
workers and intellectuals into a labor party for political action
workers into a fraternal organization to provide unemployment and old-age benefits
216. In the period 1890-1915, all of the following were generally true about African Americans
EXCEPT:
A. Voting rights previously gained were denied through changes in state laws and
constitutions.
B. Back-to-Africa movements were widely popular among African Americans in urban
areas.
C. African American leaders disagreed on the principal strategy for attaining equal rights.
D. Numerous African Americans were lynched, and mob attacks on African American
individuals occurred in both the North and South.
E. African Americans from the rural South migrated to both southern and northern cities.
217. The Louisiana Purchase was significant because it
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
eliminated Spain from the North American continent
gave the United States control of the Mississippi River
eased tensions between western settlers and American Indians
forced the British to evacuate their posts in the Northwest
reduced sectional conflict over the slavery issue
218. In the first few years of their existence, the textile mills at Lowell, Massachusetts, were best
known for their
A.
B.
C.
D.
humanitarian refusal to hire women and children as factory operatives
brutal treatment of their work forces
idealistic efforts to avoid the worst evils of English industrialization
profit-motivated efforts to replicate the factory system of the English Industrial
Revolution
E. pioneering efforts to establish labor unions
219. At the beginning of the Civil War, Southerners expressed all of the following expectations
EXCEPT
A. the materialism of the North would prevent Northerners from fighting an idealistic war
B. Great Britain would intervene on the side of the South in order to preserve its source of
cotton
C. Northern unity in the struggle against the Southern states would eventually break
D. the economic and military resources of the South would outlast those of the North
E. the justice of the South's cause would prevail
220. Which of the following constitutes a significant change in the treatment of American
Indians during the last half of the nineteenth century?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
the beginnings of negotiations with individual tribes
the start of a removal policy
the abandonment of the reservation system
the admission of all American Indians to the full rights of United States citizenship
the division of the tribal lands among individual members