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Download What is a caliphate?
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Deriving from Arabic word khalifa “succession”, caliphate describes Islamic state ruled by single political and religious leader, or caliph Caliphs are regarded by their followers as successors to Prophet Muhammad and sovereign over all Muslims First caliphate led by four immediate successors to Muhammad. Known as Rashidun, or “rightly guided”, Caliphs Abu Bakr, Umar I, Uthman and Ali expanded Islam, ruling vast lands under Sharia law Over following centuries, caliphates expanded dominion in Middle East and North Africa under Umayyad (661-750) and Abbasid (749-1258) dynasties TURKEY IRAN Damascus JO RD AN SYRIA Baghdad SAUDI ARABIA 200km 125 miles I R A Q KUWAIT Source: Institute for the Study of War Last widely accepted caliphate abolished in 1924 by Turkish leader Kemal Ataturk after collapse of Ottoman Empire (1301-1922) and removal of Caliph Abdulmecid II June 30, 2014: ISIS (Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant) announces creation of caliphate in territories under its control in Iraq and Syria ISIS, renamed IS (Islamic State), has proclaimed leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi as “Caliph Ibrahim” and “leader for Muslims everywhere” Boundaries of caliphate envisioned by ISIS – as posted on Twitter, March 2014 Pictures: Library of Congress, AP © GRAPHIC NEWS