Download Energy

Energy
Energy is the ability to do work
* Work is done when a force moves an
object through a distance.
* Work = Force X Distance
* Work is a transfer of energy
* Work and energy are measured in
Joules (J)
* 1 Joule = 1 Newton*meter
Kinetic Energy
Kinetic energy – energy of motion
* Amount of kinetic energy depends
on an object’s mass and speed
KE = ½ mv2
Potential energy
Potential energy – energy that is stored as a result
of position or shape.
* Stored energy can eventually be converted to
kinetic energy
* Gravitational potential energy is potential
energy that depends upon an object’s height
* An object’s gravitational potential energy depends
on its mass, its height, and the acceleration due
to gravity.
PEg = mgh = Fgh
(Fg = mg)
Several other forms of
energy
▪ Elastic Potential Energy – the energy
that an object has when it is stretched or
compressed.
▪ Ex. Rubber band, spring
▪ Mechanical energy is the energy
associated with the motion and position of
everyday objects.
▪ Mechanical energy is the sum of an
object’s potential energy and kinetic
energy.
* Ex. Speeding trains, bouncing balls
▪ Thermal energy is the total potential and
kinetic energy of all the microscopic
particles in an object.
▪ When an object’s atoms move faster, its
thermal energy increases and it becomes
hotter.
Chemical energy is the energy stored in
chemical bond.
When bonds are broken, the released
energy can do work.
Ex. Coal, gasoline, food
Electrical energy is energy associated
with electrical charges.
Batteries convert chemical energy to
electrical energy.
Ex. Lightning
▪ Electromagnetic energy is a form of
energy that travels through space in the
form of waves.
▪ Ex. Visible light, X-rays
▪ Nuclear energy is energy stored in
atomic nuclei.
▪ Nuclear power plants use nuclear fission
and nuclear fusion