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French Revolution and Napoleon.notebook November 14, 2013 Cause and effect activity Ch. 23 1. Old Regime 2. The French Economy struggles The French Revolution and Napoleon Ch. 23 3. National Assembly formed 4. Tennis Court Oath 5. Taking of the Bastille 6. National Assembly takes control of the Catholic Church in France 7. Constitutional Monarchy created in France 8. The new French government splits 9. War declared on Austria and Prussia 10. Louis XVI is sentenced to death The French Revolution Begins The Old Order The Old Order The Second Estate was made up of rich nobles in the 1770s the social and political system of France called the Old Regime still existed under this system, the people of France were divided into three large social classes called estates accounted for 2 percent of the population but owned 20 percent of the land and paid almost no taxes had access to high offices and exemptions from the first two estates did not like the ideas of the enlightenment because it threatened their status in society paying taxes The Third estate was 97 percent of society the privileged estates were the two top estates First Estate the Roman Catholic Church clergy was made up of the bourgeoisie(middle class), owned 10 percent of the land in France workers of France, and the peasants contributed 2 percent of their income to the gov. 1 French Revolution and Napoleon.notebook November 14, 2013 The Old Order Third estate Bourgeoisie well educated and believed in the Enlightenment were often as rich as nobles but paid higher taxes and lacked privileges Workers poorest group in the third estate paid low wages and were often out of work often went hungry Peasants largest group paid half of their income to the nobles, in taxes, or to the church The Forces of Change The Forces of Change the third estate was eager for change new views about power and authority were spreading throughout the Third Estate the Third Estate were inspired by the success of the American Revolution they started to demand equality, liberty, and democracy by the 1780s France's economy was in decline this further worried the Third Estate the high taxes were preventing business people from making any profits cost of living was rising and bad weather was affecting the farming in France France would go even further in debt because of the spending by Louis XVI and his queen Marie Antoinette France would borrow even more money to help the US in their revolution with Britain in 1786, the banks refused to lend the French government any more money weak leaders caused France's problems to get worse 2 French Revolution and Napoleon.notebook November 14, 2013 The Forces of Change when Louis XVI tries to impose a tax on the nobles, the second estate forces him to call a meeting of the estates general in 1789 estates general an assembly of representatives from all three estates first meeting in 175 years Dawn of the Revolution Dawn of the Revolution the top two estates expected to dominate the meeting in 1789 three days after forming the assembly, the third estate was locked out of their meeting room each estate would get one vote and the top two estates always beat out the third estate they would break down a door to an indoor tennis court and pledged to stay there until they had drawn up a constitution the third estate was desperate for change and they decided to form the National Assembly this meant they would pass laws and reforms in the name of the French people this assembly ended the absolute monarchy and began a representative monarchy the pledge became known as the Tennis Court Oath many nobles and members of the clergy joined them Louis sets up an army around Versailles in search of weapons to defend themselves, a mob stormed the Bastille, a Paris prison, first act of revolution 3 French Revolution and Napoleon.notebook Dawn of the Revolution the mob seized control of the Bastille the fall of the Bastille became a symbolic act of revolution to the French people ever since then July 14th has been called Bastille Day in France and is a national holiday November 14, 2013 Great Fear Sweeps France after the fall of the Bastille, rebellion started to spread across France a senseless panic called the Great Fear spread across France peasants started to break in a steal from or destroy the homes of nobles in Oct. 1789, thousands of women marched on Versailles because of high bread costs they demanded Louis and the queen return to Paris Louis agreed Louis and his family left Versailles and never returned 4 French Revolution and Napoleon.notebook November 14, 2013 The Assembly Reforms France by the end of the night on August 4, 1789 the Old Regime in France was dead no more estates the National Assembly would adopt the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen stated that "men are born and remain free and equal The Assembly Reforms France when Louis XVI started to think he was going to lose his place as monarch he tried to escape France but was stopped before he could escape and made to return to Paris in rights" these rights were only for men, not women the state took over the Catholic Church in France upset many peasants because they believed the pope should lead the church Divisions Develop 1791 a new constitution is approved for France created a constitutional monarchy Divisions Develop some people called Emigres wanted to restore the Old Regime in France they were nobles that had fled France it took much of the power from the King created a legislative body called the Legislative Assembly had the power to create laws and to approve the Sansculottes wanted even more change to occur from the revolution declarations of war king held the executive power to enforce laws differences of opinion on how to handle societal issues like hunger in France caused the new government to split into three goups 5 French Revolution and Napoleon.notebook November 14, 2013 War and Execution when Austria and Prussia try to persuade France to restore Louis as an absolute monarch, the Legislative Assembly declares war when Prussia threatens to destroy Paris if anyone in the royal family is hurt, 20,000 men and women invade the palace where the royal family is staying the royal guards are killed and the royal family is imprisoned after hearing that many prisoners who were in support of the king were threatening to break out, more than 1000 prisoners were murdered War and Execution 1792 the Legislative Assembly decides to put aside the Constitution, depose the king, dissolve the assembly, and call for the election of a new legislation War and Execution because of the influence of the Jacobins, the National Convention tries Louis for treason he was found guilty and sentenced to death this new legislation was called the National Convention abolished the monarchy and created a republic during the revolution, the Jacobins were a influential group he was beheaded by the guillotine because of many major defeats in the war, the French started to use a draft and created an army of more than 800,000 men and women the Jacobins wanted to kill all that supported the king 6 French Revolution and Napoleon.notebook November 14, 2013 The Terror Grips France the Jacobins were starting to gain many enemies within France peasants who were horrified by the execution of the king priests who did not want the state to control the church rival leaders that were starting rebellions in France in 1793 the Jacobin, Maximilien Robespierre started to gain power he and his followers wanted to wipe out all of France's past The Terror Grips France Robespierre he even changed the calendar to 12 months of 30 days and renaming each month had no Sundays on the calendar because religion was oldfashioned and dangerous closed all churches throughout France 1793 he becomes the leader of the Committee of Public Safety he would rule as a dictator for a year and his rule would be called the Reign of Terror 7 French Revolution and Napoleon.notebook November 14, 2013 End of Terror The Terror Grips France Robespierre the committee's chief purpose was to protect the revolution from its enemies they would hold try enemies in the morning and use the guillotine in the morning on them. in 1794 some members of the National Convention turned on Robespierre later in 1794 Robespierre was sent to the guillotine ending the reign of terror 1795 the National Convention would draft a new system of government power placed in the hands of the upper middle and called for a two house legislature and an executive body of five men called the Directory some were corrupt in their new positions it did give the country a period of order Napoleon Bonaparte Bio assignment: Napoleon seizes power Napoleon was born in 1769 on the island of Corsica You will create a bio for Napoleon with the following information: at nine he was sent to military school 1. Birth and birth place at 16 he finished school and became a lieutenant 2. physical traits in the artillery 3. Childhood during the revolution he was part of the army for the 4. Adulthood new government 5. Successes 6. Failures 7. Overall historical timeline for his life at his tallest he was 5'3" in 1795 he would lead a group of soldiers in a defense of the National Convention causing his to become very popular very quickly 8 French Revolution and Napoleon.notebook November 14, 2013 Napoleon seizes power he would be able to have several more major successes in battles and also keep the news of any defeats quiet in 1799 the Directory had lost the confidence of the French people when Napoleon comes home from war he is encouraged to try and seize power later in 1799 Napoleon leads an army to try and take the national legislature to prevent everyone from being killed the legislature voted to dissolve the directory and create a group of three consuls Napoleon seizes power Napoleon was made one of the three consuls he would take the role of the first consul and started to act a dictator this take over of power is called a coup come from the French word of coup d'etat when he gains power, France is still at war the war would finally end with the signing of a peace treaty France was finally at peace for the first time in 10 years Napoleon rules France in 1800 a plebiscite was held to approve a new constitution plebiscite vote of the people Napoleon was given all real power in the new constitution Napoleon would set up a strong tax system and a national bank to help the economy he dismissed corrupt officials and would set up lycees to train officials lycees government run public schools 9 French Revolution and Napoleon.notebook Napoleon rules France to reestablish a relationship with the church he signed a concordat, or agreement, with the pope recognized the influence of the church but rejected Church control in national affairs November 14, 2013 Napoleon rules France 1804 Napoleon crowns himself emperor to show his power over the church, he placed his crown on his own head instead of having the pope do it for him developed the Napoleonic Code a system of laws promoted order and authority over individual rights restored slavery in the French colonies in the Caribbean Napoleon creates an Empire Napoleon wanted to control the rest of Europe and regain power in the Americas after a failed attempt to put down a revolution in Saint Domingue, Napoleon decided to cut his losses in the Americas he sold the Louisiana Territory to the US in 1803 after giving up on the Americas he turns to Europe France would build up the largest European empire since Rome only had one major enemy left and that was Britain 10 French Revolution and Napoleon.notebook November 14, 2013 Napoleon creates an Empire in the Battle of Trafalgar, the British navy crushes the French navy gave Britain dominance on the ocean for 100 years ended Napoleon's hopes of invading Britain Napoleon's desire to defeat Britain would lead to his downfall Napoleon's empire collapses Napoleon's desire for power led him to his height but also led to his fall 1806 France sets up a blockade to prevent all trade and communication between Great Britain and other European nations Napoleon called this policy the continental system because it was supposed to make continental Europe more selfsufficient also wanted to destroy Britain's economy it did not work and instead Britain set up their own blockade that did work 11 French Revolution and Napoleon.notebook November 14, 2013 Napoleon's empire collapses many American ships were stopped in this blockade and this caused the US declare war on Britain in 1812 1808 Napoleon tries to go through Spain to get to Portugal to force them to follow the continental system Spain protests this and Napoleon makes his brother the king of Spain Spain is worried Napoleon would ruin the Catholic Church in Spain so for six years peasant fighters called guerrillas would strike French armies in Spain Britain sends troops to help the guerrillas Napoleon will lose 300,000 men during the Peninsular War called this because Spain is on the Iberian Peninsula Napoleon's empire collapses other countries started to fight against Napoleon's control as Spain did 1812 Russia refuses to stop selling grain to Britain Napoleon's empire collapses when Napoleon finally gets to Moscow in Sept. of 1812 Moscow is in flames Napoleon decides to invade Russia the Russians had burned down Moscow to prevent the French from getting it June 1812 Napoleon and an army of 420,000 march in October, Napoleon decides to head back home to Russia as they marched back in the harsh winter, Russian soldiers would attack the French armies as the French went forward, the Russians retreated using the scorchedearth policy burned grain fields and slaughtered livestock so that the French would have nothing to eat by the time they made it out of Russia, Napoleon only had an army of 10,000 12 French Revolution and Napoleon.notebook November 14, 2013 Napoleon's Downfall as Napoleon became weaker, his enemies started to attack him at one point all of the main powers of Europe were at war with him within a few months he had built up a huge untrained and ill prepared army after severl major defeats, the allied armies were working their way to Paris in 1814, Napoleon surrenders after Prussia and Russia reach Paris Napoleon was exiled to a tiny island off the coast of Italy called Elba Napoleon's Downfall Louis XVIII gains the throne after Napoleon he was became unpopular when the French people thought he was trying to undo the revolution Napoleon escapes Elba and on March 1, 1815, he arrives in France he was welcomed back by a large crowd and with the help of his supporters he was emperor again within days the European powers prepared to send in their troops to push Napoleon out Napoleon's Downfall Britain was preparing to meet Napoleon at the village of Waterloo in Belgium after two days of fighting the British and Prussian armies are able to push back Napoleon's troops this defeat ended Napoleon's last bid for power it was called the Hundred Days Napoleon is shipped to St. Helena a remote island in the South Atlantic he lived in lonely exile for 6 years he died there of possible cancer 13 French Revolution and Napoleon.notebook November 14, 2013 Metternich's Plan for Europe Napoleon's Downfall Napoleon was a military genius and brilliant administrator after Napoleon was defeated, the European leaders were looking to establish peace many people lost their lives because of his desire to take over Europe they wanted to create a new European order to establish a system of collective security and stability for Europe a series of meetings called the Congress of Vienna occurred the European leaders were trying to set up policies that would allow for peace at these meetings went on for 8 months Metternich's Plan for Europe many secret decisions were made between different major European countries the foreign minister for Austria had a plan that had three goals: prevent future French aggressions by surrounding France with strong countries to restore a balance of power so that no country would be a threat to others Metternich's Plan for Europe the Congress worked to accomplish this plan many of the former ruling families gained their positions back after the meetings these meetings were the first time the nations of an entire continent had cooperated to control political affairs the Congress of Vienna did create a time of peace in Europe to restore Europe's royal families to the thrones they had held before Napoleon's conquests 14 French Revolution and Napoleon.notebook Political changes beyond Vienna many European countries were worried about revolutions like the French revolution occuring in their countries some Christian countries signed the Holy Alliance to help each other prevent and put down any revolutions in their countries November 14, 2013 Political changes beyond Vienna Effects of the Congress of Vienna France's power weakened Britain and Prussia strengthened Nationalism grew in many different countries many colonies in the Americas look to try and gain the Concert of Europe was another alliance that was formed in order for countries to help each other if a revolution broke out their independence from European countries the French revolution put the idea of democracy in to the head of many Europeans introduced to many Europeans this scared the European leaders the answer to their problems new ideas of a democratic government had been the revolution made people think a democracy was Political changes beyond Vienna 15
